The second-level digital divide, is referred to as the production gap, and it describes the gap that separates the consumers of content on the Internet from the producers of content.

1. By
Assoc. Prof. Liwayway Memije-Cruz
PUP
Second-level digital
divide and
experiences of
schools and teachers.

2. Hi!, I am Assoc. Prof. Liwayway Memije-Cruz
From Polytechnic University of the Philippines

3. —Cheptoo Kositany-Buckner
“It’s no longer a luxury. This is
serious. It’s really a social justice
issue. It’s a 21st century civil
rights issue.”

4. Introduction
Digital Divide
01.

7. How do you think schools are adjusting to remote or distance learning?
How those adjustments are impacting education across the board?

8. More than anything, this coronavirus outbreak has shown
how reliant we have become on all-things related to the
internet. How we work, play, learn and shop. Internet
access in the present age is what electricity and running
water were to our parents and grandparents: once a luxury
then a necessity. Closing, or at least narrowing, the digital
divide is going to be one of the biggest and most important
challenges of our time. It is also the essential ingredient to
leveling the economic playing field. - Harry Sewell

9. What is digital divide?

10. Digital
divide

11. :
● an economic and social inequality with regard to
access to, use of, or impact of information and
communication technologies(ICT)
● describes a gap in terms of access to and usage of
information and communication technology - a
question of having or not having access
● the differences between the "haves" and "have
nots" regarding access to the Internet
Digital Divide

12. “The ‘digital divide’ we face globally is not only about
access to the internet, but also the opportunities to make
use of it. The gap also encompasses a number of other
discrepancies; including the quality of digital
infrastructure, the speed of connectivity and the training
and skills required to navigate such technology in remote
areas.” - World Literacy Foundation

13. Second-Level
Digital Divide .02

14. What is second-
level digital
divide?

15. Second-level Digital Divide
 production gap
 describes the gap that separates the consumers
of content on the Internet from the producers of
content.
 Internet “usage” divide
 associated with factors such as motivations and
Internet skills.

16. If you can recall, what is the page that is usually on your
screen when you start using the Web?

17. How do you go about finding the following information online?
1. Where do you look for information about current events?
2. If you wanted to listen to some music online, where would you
look for music that you could listen to right away?
3. Imagine you wanted to use the Web to find out information about
a political candidate. What would you do?

18. Now think about COVID-19. Let’s assume that
you or a friend/family member has been
diagnosed to be COVID positive. Where would
you look for information on COVID-19?

19. People search for content in a myriad of
ways and there is a large difference in how
long people take to find various types of
information online.

20. How do people use the
Internet to create content?

21. New applications have made it
possible for anyone with a
computer and an Internet
connection to be a creator of
content, yet the majority of
user generated content available
widely on the Internet, like
public blogs, are created by a
small portion of the Internet
using population.
Blogging

22. Web 2.0 technologies like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and Blogs
enable users to participate online and create content without
having to understand how the technology actually works, leading
to an ever increasing digital divide between those who have the
skills and understanding to interact more fully with the technology
and those who are passive consumers of it

23. Many are only nominal content creators through
the use of Web 2.0, posting photos and status
updates on Facebook, but not truly interacting
with the technology.

24. Material Factors
Cultural Factors
What are the reasons for the Production Gap or SLDD
Schools’
economic factors

25. Material Factors
 type of Internet connection one
has and the frequency of access
to the Internet. The more
frequently a person has access
to the Internet and the faster
the connection, the more
opportunities they gain the
technology skills and the more
time they become creative.

26. Cultural Factors
 class and socioeconomic
status. Users of lower
socioeconomic status are
less likely to participate in
content creation due to
disadvantages in education
and lack of the necessary
free time for the work
involved in blog or web site
creation and maintenance.

27. Schools’ Economic Factors
 have been found
to explain
variation in how
teachers use
technology to
promote higher-
order thinking
skills.

28. Second-level
Dsecond
LeveligitaDivide
Second-level
Digital Divide
experiences in
schools and
teachers.

29.  schools rely on computers and internet for
classroom instruction, delivering educational
content and completing homework
assignments

30.  schools provide access to technology facilitators, as
well as in-service trainings for practicing teachers on
how to use technology to promote higher-order
thinking skills.

31.  schools help bridge
the gap by providing
reference and
information services
to help teachers and
students learn and
utilize the
technologies to
which they do have
access.

32.  through donations
schools expand device
access and internet
among those who lack
them and ensure
students can access
materials needed for
school related
activities via mobile
technology

33.  creation of an “online indigenous digital library as part of
public library services.

34.  teachers engage
themselves in
writing blogs,
hubs, notes,
slides and
uploading
videos in You
Tube

35.  teachers attend trainings and webinars to learn about
digital teaching and learning in the new normal.

36. What do you think are the ways that could lessen
the impact of the digital divide/second-level
digital divide in the education sector?

37. Explore new ways to expand
information infrastructure,
increase access by
improving markets, and
reduce the cost of service,
especially for Internet
access.

38. Provide alternative solutions that are cost-effective and
affordable for students and teachers: (online classes and
online programs)

39. Assign free laptop,
tablet, or similar
device to each
student to support
them.

40. Offer wireless access in
study halls, the cafeteria,
and the library throughout
the day.

41. Promote digital
literacy through
campaigns or
incentives.

42. Form partnerships
with successful
entities and robust
networking.

43. “Technology will not replace great teachers
but technology in the hands of great teachers can be
transformational,.” - George Courus

44. Thank you!
Links:
http://hubpages.com/@profliway
https://www.facebook.com/memijecruz
https://www.slideshare.net/memijecruz
Email: memijecruz@yahoo.com
liwaywaycruz384@gmail.com

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