Details related to the Vitamin C and Vitamin B1 to B6. The biochemistry of these water soluble vitamins are explained under all the necessary heading. Useful for students of MBBS, BDS, BPT, Nursing, BSc, MSc etc

1. MNR MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL
Dr Anurag Yadav
MBBS, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Biochemistry
Instagram page –biochem365
Email: dranurag.y.m@gmail.com

2. Vitamins B and C
• Functions
• Effects of deficiency
• Sources
• Properties
• RDA

3. 3
VITAMINS
• “VITAMIN” means “vital for life”
• VITAMINS are *Micronutrients
which are necessary for everyday healthy
functioning of the body
* Nutrients
required in very
small amounts -
mg or µg

5. • Thiamine [B1]
• Riboflavin [B2]
• Niacin [B3]
• Pantothenic acid [B5]
• Pyridoxin [B6]
• Biotin
• Folic acid
• Cobalamine [B12]
Vitamin B
complex

8. Un refined cereals , meat, nuts green vegetables ,
eggs
Poor sources- white bread and polished rice
oo

10. Functions
• Essential for release of
energy by carbohydrate
metabolism.
• Necessary for appetite
and good health
• Needed for normal
functioning of nervous
system
In carbohydrate
metabolism
Oxidative decarboxylation
Transketolase reactions

11. RDA
1mg-1.5mg per
day -
Requirement
increases with
energy
expenditure
,pregnancy and
lactation

12. Failure of
carbohydrate
metabolism
↓ATP
production
Impaired
cellular
functions

13. Impaired cellular
functions
Neurological symptoms,
Edema,
Indigestion,
Constipation
Heart failure

14. Neurological GIT
and CVS systems are
affected leading to BERIBERI

15. Types of BERIBERI
Dry beriberi
Wet beriberi
Cerebral beriberi
Infantile beriberi

17. It is a yellow compound
It contains isoalloxazine ring and ribitol ( sugar
alcohol)
It is sensitive to light and alkali but stable to heat and
acidic medium.

19. 19

21. Active forms of riboflavin are FMN(converted in the
intestinal cells) and FAD.(converted in the liver and
stored in this form )
They act as prosthetic groups of several enzymes.
Catalyzes oxidation-reduction reactions.
Growth, repair, development of body tissues - healthy
skin, eyes and tongue

22. 1.3 - 1.7 mg per day
Increases in
pregnancy
lactation ,
wound
healing and
growth

23. Oral
• Angular
Stomatitis
• Cheliosis
• Glossitis
Facial
• Dermatitis of
nasolabial
region.
Ocular
• Vascularization
of cornea

25. • Deficiency of riboflavin- AVITAMINOSIS
• ITS NOT LIFE THREATENING
1. Any protein diet supplies sufficient riboflavin
2. Recycling of riboflavin from FMN and FAD is
very efficient

26. NIACIN [VITAMIN B3]
PANTOTHENIC ACID [B5]
and PYRIDOXINE [B6]
•Structure
•Absorption & transport
•Active form
•Sources
•RDA
•Functions
• Effects of deficiency

27. • The word niacin refers to two pyridine
derivatives.
• They are and
• Both are highly stable to heat and stable to
alkali and acid.

28. • Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are absorbed
in and reach various tissues
through circulation where they are converted
to and

29. • Nicotinamide is component of two coenzymes
NAD and NADP.

30. • legumes, yeast, liver, and meat are
.
• Milk and egg - poor source of niacin but rich
source of .
• Vegetables and fruits - poor source of niacin.
• Limited quantities of niacin is obtained from
trptophan metabolism.

31. 15-20 mg/day

32. • Both NAD and NADP are
(a)citric acid cycle
(b) glycolysis
(a) synthesis of fatty acids and cholestrol
(c)pentose phosphate pathway

34. • It is made of pantoic acid and beta alanine
• it is stable to heat but unstable to alkali or
acid.

35. • CO A- SH ingested via food is hydrolysed by
Intestinal phosphatases release pantothenic
acid from dietary sources.
• Free pantothenate or its salts are freely
and reach various
tissues through circulation.

36. • meat, liver, milk, whole cereals, legumes and
eggs are
• Vegetables and fruits are

37. 4-10 mg/day.

39. • Coenzyme (CoA) participates in several
enzymatic reactions of carbohydrate, lipid and
amino acid .
• ACP is required for the synthesis of fatty acid

40. • It is
• In pantothenate
deficiency produce burning sensation
,headache , dizziness and GIT malfunction

41. • Three compounds derived from pyridine show
vitamin B6 activity.
Pyridoxine
Pyridoxal
Pyridoxamine

42. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

43. • Pyridoxine is present in food as PLP
and reaches various tissues through
circulation.
• In the tissues pyridoxine is converted to
and .
• PYRIDOXAL is transported in blood bound to
albumin

44. • whole grains, legumes, liver and yeast are
.
• Leafy vegetables, milk, meat and eggs are

45. 2-2.5 mg/day

46. 1. Pyridoxal phosphate is the prosthetic group
of
2. Pyridoxal phosphate is co-enzyme of
3. Involved in the production of
4. Involved in the production of from
glycogen

47. , skin lesions
depression and mental disturbances are observed
in experimentally induced vitamin B6 deficiency in
humans.
• In (seizures).

48. Isoniazid (INH)
Penicillamine
Oral contraceptives and excessive alcohol
consumption

49. BIOTIN
It is a .
It consist of fused to
with .
It is stable to heat but alkaline sensitive.
5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 49

50. Absorption and transport
BIOTIN
5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 50

51. BIOTIN
Sources
5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 51

52. Daily requirement (RDA)
BIOTIN
0.1-0.2 mg/day.
5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 52

53. BIOTIN
Function
Biotin is a coenzyme of carboxylase reactions
4 enzymes in the body require biotin
5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 53

54. Biotin deficiency
because it is
present in most of the common foods.
Prolonged use of antibacterial drugs
However experimentally induced biotin deficiency,
symptoms in man are dermatitis, alopecia,
depression, muscular pain and anemia.
5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 54

55. • Biotin Antagonists:
– Avidin, a protein present in egg white has great
affinity for the biotin.
– Hence raw intake of egg may cause biotin
deficiency.
– Originally named as anti-egg-white-injury-factor.

57. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM

58. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 58

59. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 59

60. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 60

61. is readily absorbed in the
mechanism and reaches various body tissues
through circulation.
5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 61

62. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 62

63. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 63

64. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 64

65. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 65

66. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 66

67. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 67

68. 5/17/2021 11:22:28 PM 68