Explain about inflammation of retina and how it lead to blindness

1. Under the
guidance of
Mrs. Radhika sahu
Associate professor
Department of medical surgical nursing
Govt college of nursing Rajnandgaon
(C. G.)

2. Retinal
detachment
.
Definition
01
Causes & symptoms
02
.
Diagnosis
03
Management
04

3. Timeline Style
Types &
causes
• Rhegmatogenous
• Traction
• Combination of rhegmatogenous
and traction
• exudative
Definition
Retinal detachment refer to the
separation of the Retinal pigment
epithelial from the sensory layer

4. • New Floaters, often many or big one
• New Flashes
• Seeing Spots
• Loss of central and/or peripheral
vision
• Weak vision
• A curtain or shadow in the side of
your vision
Symptoms
Risk factor
• Aging
• Previous retinal
detachment
• Severe nearsightedness
(myopia)
• Family history of detached
retinas
• Lattice degeneration
• Previous eye surgery, e.g.
cataract surgery
• >Diabetes

5. Vision Test
 History collection
 Physical examination
 Gonioscopy magnify the lesion
 Slit lamp examination
 Opthalmoscopy

6. Opthalmoscopy

7. Contents
Title
Contents
Title
Contents
Gonioscopy is a type of eye exam performed by an eye doctor
(optometrist). It is used to check the front of the eye for glaucoma,
which is a group of various conditions that can cause damage to
the optic nerve. Specifically, gonioscopy examines an area called
the drainage angle. It is a painless exam.
Contents
Title

8. Slit lamp
examination

9. Management
After giving you a local anesthetic
to numb your eye, the surgeon
applies a freezing probe to the
outer surface of the eye directly
over the tear. The freezing causes a
scar that helps secure the retina to
the eye wall.
The surgeon directs a laser beam into
the eye through the pupil. The laser
makes burns around the retinal tear,
creating scarring that usually “welds”
the retina to underlying tissue.
In this procedure, called pneumatic retinopexy. the
surgeon injects a bubble of air or gas into the center part
of the eye (the vitreous cavity). If positioned properly, the
bubble pushes the area of the retina containing the hole or
holes against the wall of the eye, stopping the flow of fluid
into the space behind the retina.
In this procedure, called vitrectomy (vih-TREK-
tuh-me), the surgeon removes the vitreous
along with any tissue that is tugging on the
retina. Air, gas or silicone oil is then injected
into the vitreous space to help flatten the
retina.
This procedure, called scleral (SKLAIR-ul) buckling,
involves the surgeon sewing (suturing) a piece of
silicone material to the white of your eye (sclera)
over the affected area. This procedure indents the
wall of the eye and relieves some of the force
caused by the vitreous tugging on the retina.

10. Nursing diagnosis
2. Anxiety related to surgical procedure as
evidenced by frequent asking questions.
3. Risk for injury related to poor vision as
evidenced by observation
1. Disturbed sensory perception related to detachment
of retinal layer secondary to blood cells in vitereous
as evidenced by investigation

11. Blindness
Definition
The term blindness means the
inability to perceive light .
Blindness is the inability to see or
a lack of vision. In the most severe
cases, there’s an inability to see
even light. It also means that you
can’t correct your vision with
eyeglasses, contact lenses, eye
drops or other medical therapy, or
surgery. Sudden vision loss is an
emergency.

12. Incedence
There are approximately
1.20 crore blind people
which is about one fourth
of the total blind
population of the world.
This means that
14.9 out of every
1000 Indians are
blind
Compare to
about 3 per 1000
in most
developed
countries
Throughout the developing
countries, two third of the
blindness is estimated to be
preventable or curable if efforts
are made .

13. • Cataract
• Accident
• Glaucoma
• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Degeneration of retina
• Lens Opacity
• Corneal opacity
• Retinal detachment
Risk factors

14. Types of blindness
Partial blindness: You still have some
vision. People often call this “low vision.”
Congenital blindness: This refers to poor
vision that you are born with. The causes
include inherited eye and retinal conditions
and non-inherited birth defects.
Complete blindness: You can’t see or
detect light. This condition is very rare.

15. Legal blindness: This is when the central vision is
20/200 in your best-seeing eye even when corrected with
corrected with glass or contact lenses. Having 20/200
Having 20/200 vision means that you have to be 10x closer
to be 10x closer or an object has to be 10x larger in order
larger in order to see compared to a person with 20/20
•Nutritional blindness: This term describes vision loss
from vitamin A deficiency. If the vitamin A deficiency
continues, damage to the front surface of the eye
(xerophthalmia) This type of blindness can also make it more
difficult to see at night or in dim light due to retinal cells not
functioning as well.

16. Causes
• Chemical burns.
• Exposure to toxins
• Fights.
• Fireworks.
• Industrial
accidents,
including falls.
• Motor vehicle
crashes.
• Sports. .

17. Diagnosis
The Snellen test: You’re probably familiar with this test. A provider
asks you to read lines of letters that get smaller as they go down
the page. This test of visual acuity measures what you can see in
front of you (central vision).
Visual field testing: The visual field means more than central vision.
It’s what you can see to either side or above and below without
moving your eye.

18. Prevention

19. National program for control of
blindness ( NPCB)
Your central ( tertiary) sector
• Medical College
• State eye hospital
• Regional institute
• National eye institute
Your specific national programme
• Vitamin A Prophylaxis
• School eye health services
• Occupational eye health services
• Direct blindness control
resources
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a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
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• Community health worker
• Opthalmic assistant at PHC, BPHC, rural
hospitals
• Primary eye health care
• Vitamin A prophylaxis
• Correction of refractive error
Peripheral ( primary) sector
Intermediate (secondary) sector
• Sub divisional hospital
• District hospital
• MOU

20. Eye bank

21. The primary function of an eye bank is to collect
store good quality donor’s cornea and make it
available for cornea transplantation for
therapeutic use and research

22. Objectives
• Collection of donor eyes
• Preservation of donor cornea
• Distribution of highest quality of
donor tissue for cornea
transplantation
• Promotion, awareness about eye
donation from potential donors.

23. Limbal peritomy
Blunt dissection of tenon’s
capsule

24. Muscle insertion
isolation
Muscle insertion is
cut

25. 4 rectus muscles
are isolated
Inferior oblique
exposure

26. Hemostat placed on optic
nerve which is cut with
scissors
Sagital view of the
orbita showing the
optic nerve being cut

27. Globe removed from the
orbit, optic nerve stump
compressed by hemostat
Sagital view of orbit
showing 4 rectus muscles
sutured to the implant

28. Tenon’s capsule sutured
beneath conjunctiva
Conjunctiva sutured
under an acrylic
conformer

29. Ocular tumors
A tumor is defined as a swelling or morbid enlargement that results from
an overburdance of cell growth
Types:-
• Benign tumor
• Malignant tumor
Causes:-
• Exposure UV Rays
• Virus
• Aging
• Genetic
• Change in DNA smoking chronic inflammation
Signs and symptoms
Eye moles
Abnormal brown spots in the eye blurry vision
Redness
Irregular shaped pupil

30. Diagnostic evaluation
• History collection
• Physical examination
• Eye examinations eye ultrasound
• Optic coherence tomography
• Fine needle biopsy

31. Management
• Benign lessons removal
• Conjunctival cyst removal surgery
• Eye removal
Nutritiobal management
• Vit. C
• Vit. E
• Zinc
• Green leafy vegetables
• Nuts like almond, cashews seafoods.

32. Presented by
MSc. Tulsi Dhidhi
MSc nursing 1st year
PowerPoint
Presentation

33. THANK YOU