A simple description of a virus, how it works and affects our bodies, and how the body defends itself against the virus and what is a virus originally, and how it multiplies in our bodies.

1. Virus
Prepared by
Ahmed Nabaz Khalil
A tiny monster And last hope for
human against superbugs

2. Outline
1. About Virus.
2. The size of Viruses.
3. What is inside the virus?
4. Shapes of Virus.
5. How Viruses reproduces ?
6. The cycle life of virus.
7. VIRUS IN HUMAN.
8. Human Viral Disease.
9. The benefits of virus

3.  About Virus
• viruses are everywhere from our surroundings to the food that we
eat, such as in the soil and living organism like humans.
• Viruses can infect all types of life forms including bacteria.
• Over 5,000 species of viruses have been discovered.
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism .

4. Viruses are very tiny germs.
.(in other words, they are sub-microscopic);
their sizes range from 20 to 300 nm.
 The size of Viruses

5.  What is inside the virus?
 Most scientists accept that viruses are not living. Because they do
not have cell membrane, organelles (like mitochondria), any nucleus
and cytoskeleton .
It is genetic material made from either DNA or RNA, that carry
genetic information and a protein casing, called the capsid, which
surrounds and protects the genetic material.
A complete virus particle, known as a vision.
"organisms at the edge of life"

6.  Shapes of Virus
bacteriophage

7.  How Viruses reproduces ?
1. Viruses reproduce by injecting their genetic material into a host cell.
2. Forcing the cell to make copies of the virus, instated of what the cell
would normally be doing.
o This is because they do not have ribosomes or other components
necessary to express

8.  The cycle life of virus.

9.  VIRUS IN HUMAN
• A lot of viruses exist in human body but most Of them do not cause
diseases.
• Human immune system can generate antibodies against viruses, the
antibody will recognize the virus and destroy it.
Immune system
Virus

10.  Human Viral Disease
 Human diseases caused by viruses include,
• HIV
• Influenza
• Ebola
• Hepatitis
• Common Gold
• ..etc.

11.  The benefits of virus
• From billion wears ago war has
been killing trillions every single
day well we don't even notice the
war.
• Is fought by the single deadliest
entity on our planet the Virus.
• Up to 40% of all bacteria in the
oceans are killed by them every
single dayOCEAN BACTERIA
40 60
killed alive

12.  bacteria were our faces tiny monsters that
hunted us mercilessly
 But we found a solution in nature.
 suddenly we had a powerful superweapon
antibiotic was so effective that we stopped
thinking of bacteria as monsters .
 in the past, a single cut or a sip from the wrong water could kill you.

13. • we used antibiotics more and more for less and less serious causes
we lost respect for the bacteria .
• but bacteria are living things that evolve and they started to become
immune against antibiotics our solution .
• this continued until we had created what are called superbugs
bacteria immune to almost everything we have.
 this immunity is spreading across the world as we talk know.
We change bacteria

14. How Virus Can Be Benefit !!!?

15.  In 2050 superbugs could kill more humans a year than cancer
 the days when a cut or a cough could kill you or your loved ones are
coming back
BUT!
how could injecting millions of viruses into an infection be a good idea?
phages our tiny killer virus robots could save us, we can inject them
into our bodies to help cure infections.

16.  Use bacteriophages.
• bacteriophage are very specialized killers of bacteria
• so specialized in fact that humans are completely immune to them,
we are too different we encounter billions of bacteriophages every
day.
• with bacteria develop ways of defending themselves more complex
than that bacteriophages evolved too but there has been an arms
race between Virus and bacteria for billions of years and so far Virus
doing great this makes phages smart weapons that are constantly
getting better at killing.
This tested with “Pseudomonas Aeruginosa” that infect chest

17. summary
• Can't classify a virus as a prokaryote or a eukaryote either because it's
not a cell.
• Virus exist everywhere.
• Virus very small.
• made from either DNA or RNA.
• The cycle life of virus tow type lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle.
• We can use virus as medicine, against superbugs.

18. Thanks for
listing.