Viral conjunctivitis basic overview
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
7 likes•3,275 views
conjuctivitis is defined as Inflammation or infection of the outer membrane of the eyeball and the inner eyelid. It is also known by the name Pink eye. Conjunctivitis can be considered as allergic, viral or bacterial viral conjunctivitis is the most common among all and is highly contagious one so the presentation describes the basic overview on viral conjunctivitis
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Bacterial conjunctivitis Pharmacotherapy
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common type of pink eye, caused by bacteria that infect the eye through various sources of contamination. The bacteria can be spread through contact with an infected individual, exposure to contaminated surfaces or through other means such as sinus or ear infections.The most common types of bacteria that causes bacterial conjunctivitis includes Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial conjunctivitis usually produces a thick eye discharge or pus and can affect one or both eyes.
Conjunctivitis
This document provides information about conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva). It discusses the types of conjunctivitis including bacterial, viral, allergic, and others. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the most common type and is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It presents with redness, discharge, irritation and can spread between people. Treatment involves topical antibiotics. The document also covers specific types like acute bacterial, hyperacute, chronic bacterial, and ophthalmia neonatorum conjunctivitis. Chlamydial conjunctivitis including trachoma is also described.
Glaucoma types, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Glaucomas are ocular disorders characterized by changes in the optic nerve head (optic disk) and by loss of visual sensitivity and field.
There are two major types of glaucoma: open-angle glaucoma, which accounts for most cases and closed-angle glaucoma.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the thin transparent layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. Often called "pink eye".
Conjuctivitis
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, chemicals, or foreign objects in the eye. Symptoms include redness, itching, discharge, tearing, and pain. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotic eyedrops, antiviral medication, or anti-inflammatory eyedrops. To prevent spread, good hygiene practices like handwashing and avoiding touching or sharing personal items near the eyes are important.
Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis
A brief descriptions, types, mode of action, pathology, C/F, D/D and management of Viral and Bacterial Conjunctivitis.
Glaucoma
GLAUCOMA
,dignosis , types of glaucoma , risk factors oo glaucoma and treatment , the clasis of drugs that use in treatment of glaucoma.
prepared by : Hardi Sdiq
university of sullaimani
collage of pharmacy
Conjunctivitis
This document discusses conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye. It defines conjunctivitis as an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white part of the eyeball. Conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, chemicals, or other irritants. Common symptoms include eye redness, discharge, itching, and tearing. Treatment depends on the cause but may involve antibiotic or antiviral eye drops, allergy medication, or simply allowing a viral infection to run its course. Good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of contagious conjunctivitis.
Recommended
Bacterial conjunctivitis Pharmacotherapy
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common type of pink eye, caused by bacteria that infect the eye through various sources of contamination. The bacteria can be spread through contact with an infected individual, exposure to contaminated surfaces or through other means such as sinus or ear infections.The most common types of bacteria that causes bacterial conjunctivitis includes Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial conjunctivitis usually produces a thick eye discharge or pus and can affect one or both eyes.
Conjunctivitis
This document provides information about conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva). It discusses the types of conjunctivitis including bacterial, viral, allergic, and others. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the most common type and is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It presents with redness, discharge, irritation and can spread between people. Treatment involves topical antibiotics. The document also covers specific types like acute bacterial, hyperacute, chronic bacterial, and ophthalmia neonatorum conjunctivitis. Chlamydial conjunctivitis including trachoma is also described.
Glaucoma types, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Glaucomas are ocular disorders characterized by changes in the optic nerve head (optic disk) and by loss of visual sensitivity and field.
There are two major types of glaucoma: open-angle glaucoma, which accounts for most cases and closed-angle glaucoma.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the thin transparent layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. Often called "pink eye".
Conjuctivitis
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, chemicals, or foreign objects in the eye. Symptoms include redness, itching, discharge, tearing, and pain. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotic eyedrops, antiviral medication, or anti-inflammatory eyedrops. To prevent spread, good hygiene practices like handwashing and avoiding touching or sharing personal items near the eyes are important.
Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis
A brief descriptions, types, mode of action, pathology, C/F, D/D and management of Viral and Bacterial Conjunctivitis.
Glaucoma
GLAUCOMA
,dignosis , types of glaucoma , risk factors oo glaucoma and treatment , the clasis of drugs that use in treatment of glaucoma.
prepared by : Hardi Sdiq
university of sullaimani
collage of pharmacy
Conjunctivitis
This document discusses conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye. It defines conjunctivitis as an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white part of the eyeball. Conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, chemicals, or other irritants. Common symptoms include eye redness, discharge, itching, and tearing. Treatment depends on the cause but may involve antibiotic or antiviral eye drops, allergy medication, or simply allowing a viral infection to run its course. Good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of contagious conjunctivitis.
Conjunctivitis
This document defines and classifies conjunctivitis, discussing its various causes including viral, bacterial, allergic, and other non-infectious origins. It describes the signs and symptoms, treatment, and when referral is necessary for different types of conjunctivitis such as viral, bacterial, hyperacute, chronic, and allergic conjunctivitis. It also briefly discusses other eye lesions including keratitis, uveitis, episcleritis, scleritis, hordeolum, chalazion, and pterygium.
Glaucoma - symptomes and treatment
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and can cause vision loss. It is usually caused by an increase in pressure within the eye due to blocked drainage canals. There are two main types - open angle glaucoma caused by partial blockage and closed angle glaucoma caused by sudden, complete blockage. Treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure through eye drops, oral medication, laser therapy or surgery depending on the severity. Surgical treatment is usually a last resort but is the primary approach for closed angle glaucoma emergencies. Post-operative care involves anti-inflammatory and antibiotic eyedrops.
Viral conjunctivitis
Presentation made from the Kanski,Wills eye manual,Harper,And Oxford handbook of ophthalmology.You dont need to read these books for VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS after reading this this presentation.
Stye or hordeolum
Simple eye education for EHW, Ophthalmic eye student, school eye education & first - second year optometry students only .
common eye lid inflammatory conditions .
stye or hordeolum ( external / internal hordeolum ), lid abscess , chalazion or mebomian retention cyst, accessory lacrimal glands , lacrimal gland etc...
Ocular pharmacology
This document discusses ocular pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in relation to ophthalmic medications. It covers factors that influence drug absorption through the cornea such as concentration, viscosity, lipid solubility, and pH. Barriers to intraocular drug transport are described. Common diagnostic dyes used in ophthalmology like fluorescein, rose bengal, lissamine green, and indocyanine green are summarized along with their indications. Various classes of topical anti-infective medications including antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals are discussed with examples of individual drugs and their mechanisms of action, formulations, and ocular indications.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by optic nerve damage and vision loss caused by increased intraocular pressure. The seminar discussed the definition, types, risk factors, diagnostic measures, management, and nursing care of glaucoma. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type and results from impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. Treatment involves medications, laser surgery, or filtering procedures to lower pressure and prevent further nerve damage. Nursing plays an important role in assessing patients, administering treatments, educating about risk factors and complications like vision loss.
Glaucoma
DEFINITION,EYE ANATOMY, Fluid Circulation, CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLASSIFICATIONS, DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION, MANAGEMENT
Night Blindness
Night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, is a condition where it is difficult or impossible to see in low light conditions. It can be present from birth or caused by injury or malnutrition, especially vitamin A deficiency. The main causes of night blindness include vitamin A deficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital night blindness, pathological myopia, peripheral cortical cataracts, and advanced primary open angle glaucoma. The underlying cause must be treated, such as supplementing vitamin A for a deficiency or surgery for retinitis pigmentosa.
Keratitis
Information : about keratitis,causes and symptoms of keratitis,Prevention and treatment of bacterial and viral keratitis.
viral conjuctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis is caused by various viruses that infect the conjunctiva. The most common types are adenoviral conjunctivitis, caused mainly by adenovirus types 8 and 19, and herpes simplex conjunctivitis caused by HSV-1. Adenoviral conjunctivitis presents with redness, watering, follicles and can cause punctate keratitis if the cornea is involved. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antibiotics to prevent secondary infections. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by enterovirus 70 and presents with redness, watering, hemorrhages and follicles. Ophthalmia neonatorum can be caused by gon
Medical Treatment for Glaucoma
This document discusses various medical treatments for glaucoma, including topical eye drop medications from different drug classes. It describes the mechanisms of action, administration, efficacy and side effects of prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha-2 agonists, miotics, osmotic agents, and some combination drug preparations. The document provides detailed information on commonly used glaucoma drugs to help clinicians select appropriate treatment options based on a patient's needs and risk factors.
Allergic conjunctivitis
This document discusses different types of allergic conjunctivitis, including symptoms, signs, pathogenesis, and treatment. It covers simple allergic conjunctivitis like seasonal and perennial forms. It also discusses vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, giant papillary conjunctivitis, phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, and contact dermatoconjunctivitis. For each type, the document provides details on clinical presentation, pathology, and recommended treatment approaches.
Dacryocystitis
This document discusses dacryocystitis, which is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac. It is often caused by an obstruction of the naso-lacrimal duct followed by a bacterial infection. It can be either acute or chronic, and is classified based on whether it is acquired or congenital. Acute dacryocystitis causes pain, redness, and swelling and risks include older age and poor hygiene. Chronic dacryocystitis causes watering, mucopurulent discharge, and regurgitation of pus or mucus with pressure. Treatments include antibiotics, warm compresses, and surgery.
Mydriatics & cycloplegics
mydriatics & cycloplegics class / power point presentation for O.A student 2nd year of SCEH, LAHAN,NEPAL
Mydriatics
Mydriatic drugs work by blocking the muscarinic M3 receptors in the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscles, causing pupil dilation (mydriasis) and relaxation of accommodation (cycloplegia). Topical instillation in the eye results in mydriasis, abolition of the light reflex, and cycloplegia. Atropine is the most potent mydriatic drug, with slow onset but long duration of action lasting up to a week. Homatropine is less potent than atropine. Cyclopentolate has a more rapid onset of action but shorter duration of around one day, making it preferred for cycloplegia. Tropicamide has the quickest and brief
Management of Cataract
This document provides information on the management of cataracts, including both non-surgical and surgical approaches. Non-surgical management focuses on controlling underlying causes, delaying progression, and improving vision. Surgical management involves extracting the opaque lens using various techniques like intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE), extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), or phacoemulsification. Pre-operative evaluation is important to assess retinal function and rule out infections. Intraocular lenses are then implanted to restore vision.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss and blindness if left untreated. There are two main types - congenital glaucoma present at birth due to defects, and acquired glaucoma which develops later in life due to factors like eye injuries or conditions like high blood pressure. Acquired glaucoma has two primary types - open angle glaucoma which results from fluid drainage issues, and acute angle closure glaucoma caused by physical blocking of fluid flow. Treatment involves medications, lasers, or surgeries to lower pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage.
Conjunctivitis final presentation
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria, viruses, allergens, or chemicals. There are five main types defined by their causes. Symptoms include redness, tearing, thick discharge, itching, and blurred vision. Treatment depends on the cause, but may include antibiotics, antivirals, or avoiding allergens. It is highly contagious and spreads easily between people and objects. Proper hygiene can help prevent transmission.
Miotics mydriatics cycloplegics
Detailed explanation about Miotics, Mydriatics, and Cycloplegics for all optoms, ophthalmic assistants and DNB doctors.
Trachoma
Trachoma is a chronic eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that often leads to blindness. It spreads easily in dry, dusty areas with poor sanitation and is the world's leading cause of infectious blindness. The infection causes eyelid changes and scarring that can result in trichiasis, where eyelashes turn inward and scratch the cornea. Treatment involves antibiotics and improving hygiene and sanitation to prevent spread. The WHO's SAFE strategy aims to eliminate trachoma blindness worldwide by 2020 through surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement.
Conjuctivitis
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, chemicals, or foreign objects in the eye. Symptoms include redness, itching, tearing, discharge, and pain. Treatment depends on the cause - antibiotics for bacterial infections, antihistamines for allergies, or home remedies for viral pink eye. Good hygiene is important to prevent the spread of the contagious infection.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. The most common cause is viral infection. Symptoms may range from mild to severe and include eye redness, swelling of the eyelids, increased tearing, irritation, sensitivity to light, and discharge. It is diagnosed based on symptoms, and while most viral cases will clear up on their own in 1 week, bacterial infections are usually treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointment. Conjunctivitis is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact, so proper hand washing and avoiding sharing towels/tissues is important to prevent spread.
More Related Content
What's hot
Conjunctivitis
This document defines and classifies conjunctivitis, discussing its various causes including viral, bacterial, allergic, and other non-infectious origins. It describes the signs and symptoms, treatment, and when referral is necessary for different types of conjunctivitis such as viral, bacterial, hyperacute, chronic, and allergic conjunctivitis. It also briefly discusses other eye lesions including keratitis, uveitis, episcleritis, scleritis, hordeolum, chalazion, and pterygium.
Glaucoma - symptomes and treatment
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and can cause vision loss. It is usually caused by an increase in pressure within the eye due to blocked drainage canals. There are two main types - open angle glaucoma caused by partial blockage and closed angle glaucoma caused by sudden, complete blockage. Treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure through eye drops, oral medication, laser therapy or surgery depending on the severity. Surgical treatment is usually a last resort but is the primary approach for closed angle glaucoma emergencies. Post-operative care involves anti-inflammatory and antibiotic eyedrops.
Viral conjunctivitis
Presentation made from the Kanski,Wills eye manual,Harper,And Oxford handbook of ophthalmology.You dont need to read these books for VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS after reading this this presentation.
Stye or hordeolum
Simple eye education for EHW, Ophthalmic eye student, school eye education & first - second year optometry students only .
common eye lid inflammatory conditions .
stye or hordeolum ( external / internal hordeolum ), lid abscess , chalazion or mebomian retention cyst, accessory lacrimal glands , lacrimal gland etc...
Ocular pharmacology
This document discusses ocular pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in relation to ophthalmic medications. It covers factors that influence drug absorption through the cornea such as concentration, viscosity, lipid solubility, and pH. Barriers to intraocular drug transport are described. Common diagnostic dyes used in ophthalmology like fluorescein, rose bengal, lissamine green, and indocyanine green are summarized along with their indications. Various classes of topical anti-infective medications including antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals are discussed with examples of individual drugs and their mechanisms of action, formulations, and ocular indications.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by optic nerve damage and vision loss caused by increased intraocular pressure. The seminar discussed the definition, types, risk factors, diagnostic measures, management, and nursing care of glaucoma. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type and results from impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. Treatment involves medications, laser surgery, or filtering procedures to lower pressure and prevent further nerve damage. Nursing plays an important role in assessing patients, administering treatments, educating about risk factors and complications like vision loss.
Glaucoma
DEFINITION,EYE ANATOMY, Fluid Circulation, CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLASSIFICATIONS, DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION, MANAGEMENT
Night Blindness
Night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, is a condition where it is difficult or impossible to see in low light conditions. It can be present from birth or caused by injury or malnutrition, especially vitamin A deficiency. The main causes of night blindness include vitamin A deficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital night blindness, pathological myopia, peripheral cortical cataracts, and advanced primary open angle glaucoma. The underlying cause must be treated, such as supplementing vitamin A for a deficiency or surgery for retinitis pigmentosa.
Keratitis
Information : about keratitis,causes and symptoms of keratitis,Prevention and treatment of bacterial and viral keratitis.
viral conjuctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis is caused by various viruses that infect the conjunctiva. The most common types are adenoviral conjunctivitis, caused mainly by adenovirus types 8 and 19, and herpes simplex conjunctivitis caused by HSV-1. Adenoviral conjunctivitis presents with redness, watering, follicles and can cause punctate keratitis if the cornea is involved. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antibiotics to prevent secondary infections. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by enterovirus 70 and presents with redness, watering, hemorrhages and follicles. Ophthalmia neonatorum can be caused by gon
Medical Treatment for Glaucoma
This document discusses various medical treatments for glaucoma, including topical eye drop medications from different drug classes. It describes the mechanisms of action, administration, efficacy and side effects of prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha-2 agonists, miotics, osmotic agents, and some combination drug preparations. The document provides detailed information on commonly used glaucoma drugs to help clinicians select appropriate treatment options based on a patient's needs and risk factors.
Allergic conjunctivitis
This document discusses different types of allergic conjunctivitis, including symptoms, signs, pathogenesis, and treatment. It covers simple allergic conjunctivitis like seasonal and perennial forms. It also discusses vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, giant papillary conjunctivitis, phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, and contact dermatoconjunctivitis. For each type, the document provides details on clinical presentation, pathology, and recommended treatment approaches.
Dacryocystitis
This document discusses dacryocystitis, which is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac. It is often caused by an obstruction of the naso-lacrimal duct followed by a bacterial infection. It can be either acute or chronic, and is classified based on whether it is acquired or congenital. Acute dacryocystitis causes pain, redness, and swelling and risks include older age and poor hygiene. Chronic dacryocystitis causes watering, mucopurulent discharge, and regurgitation of pus or mucus with pressure. Treatments include antibiotics, warm compresses, and surgery.
Mydriatics & cycloplegics
mydriatics & cycloplegics class / power point presentation for O.A student 2nd year of SCEH, LAHAN,NEPAL
Mydriatics
Mydriatic drugs work by blocking the muscarinic M3 receptors in the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscles, causing pupil dilation (mydriasis) and relaxation of accommodation (cycloplegia). Topical instillation in the eye results in mydriasis, abolition of the light reflex, and cycloplegia. Atropine is the most potent mydriatic drug, with slow onset but long duration of action lasting up to a week. Homatropine is less potent than atropine. Cyclopentolate has a more rapid onset of action but shorter duration of around one day, making it preferred for cycloplegia. Tropicamide has the quickest and brief
Management of Cataract
This document provides information on the management of cataracts, including both non-surgical and surgical approaches. Non-surgical management focuses on controlling underlying causes, delaying progression, and improving vision. Surgical management involves extracting the opaque lens using various techniques like intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE), extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), or phacoemulsification. Pre-operative evaluation is important to assess retinal function and rule out infections. Intraocular lenses are then implanted to restore vision.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss and blindness if left untreated. There are two main types - congenital glaucoma present at birth due to defects, and acquired glaucoma which develops later in life due to factors like eye injuries or conditions like high blood pressure. Acquired glaucoma has two primary types - open angle glaucoma which results from fluid drainage issues, and acute angle closure glaucoma caused by physical blocking of fluid flow. Treatment involves medications, lasers, or surgeries to lower pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage.
Conjunctivitis final presentation
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria, viruses, allergens, or chemicals. There are five main types defined by their causes. Symptoms include redness, tearing, thick discharge, itching, and blurred vision. Treatment depends on the cause, but may include antibiotics, antivirals, or avoiding allergens. It is highly contagious and spreads easily between people and objects. Proper hygiene can help prevent transmission.
Miotics mydriatics cycloplegics
Detailed explanation about Miotics, Mydriatics, and Cycloplegics for all optoms, ophthalmic assistants and DNB doctors.
Trachoma
Trachoma is a chronic eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that often leads to blindness. It spreads easily in dry, dusty areas with poor sanitation and is the world's leading cause of infectious blindness. The infection causes eyelid changes and scarring that can result in trichiasis, where eyelashes turn inward and scratch the cornea. Treatment involves antibiotics and improving hygiene and sanitation to prevent spread. The WHO's SAFE strategy aims to eliminate trachoma blindness worldwide by 2020 through surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Viral conjunctivitis basic overview
Conjuctivitis
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, chemicals, or foreign objects in the eye. Symptoms include redness, itching, tearing, discharge, and pain. Treatment depends on the cause - antibiotics for bacterial infections, antihistamines for allergies, or home remedies for viral pink eye. Good hygiene is important to prevent the spread of the contagious infection.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. The most common cause is viral infection. Symptoms may range from mild to severe and include eye redness, swelling of the eyelids, increased tearing, irritation, sensitivity to light, and discharge. It is diagnosed based on symptoms, and while most viral cases will clear up on their own in 1 week, bacterial infections are usually treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointment. Conjunctivitis is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact, so proper hand washing and avoiding sharing towels/tissues is important to prevent spread.
Conjunctivitis
This document provides information about conjunctivitis (pink eye). It defines conjunctivitis as an inflammation of the conjunctiva that makes the white of the eye appear red. The document outlines the objectives and types of conjunctivitis including microbial, allergic, and toxic. Signs and symptoms are redness, discharge, pain, and irritation. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, or anti-allergy eye drops. Prevention focuses on hand washing and avoiding sharing towels or tissues with infected individuals.
CONJUCTIVITIS-paula.pptx
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants, allergens, fungi or parasites. The conjunctiva is the thin tissue covering the white part of the eye and lining the inside of the eyelid. Common symptoms include redness, swelling, tearing, thick yellow discharge, and itchiness. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antihistamines, analgesics, antibiotic or antiviral eye drops, and cleaning of discharge from the eyes.
Conjunctivitis
Conjuntivitis- Definition, Risk factors, types,Clinical manifestations, assessment and management
medical surgical nursing
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva that lines the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, allergies, eye drops, or fungi/amoebas/parasites. Symptoms include redness, swelling, increased tearing, thick discharge, itchiness, burning, blurred vision, and light sensitivity. Treatment depends on the cause - bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eye drops, while viral conjunctivitis typically resolves on its own with rest. Preventative measures include hand washing, avoiding rubbing the eyes, and not sharing towels.
Conjunctivitis
This document discusses conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye. It defines conjunctivitis as inflammation of the conjunctiva, which covers the inner eyelid and white part of the eye. There are three main types of conjunctivitis: microbial, allergic, and toxic. Microbial conjunctivitis is usually caused by bacteria and viruses. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs due to allergic reactions. Toxic conjunctivitis results from prolonged use of eye medications. Symptoms include redness, discharge, tearing, swelling and eye pain. Treatment involves antibiotics, corticosteroids, or irrigation depending on the cause. Nursing care focuses on pain relief, hygiene and preventing spread. Pro
conjunctivitis *polet*
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused most commonly by viral or bacterial infections. Symptoms include redness, irritation, watering eyes, and discharge. Treatment depends on the severity but may include cold compresses, artificial tears, anti-inflammatory medications, antibiotics, or steroid eye drops. It is important to practice good hygiene to prevent the spread of conjunctivitis through direct contact with infected secretions or contaminated surfaces.
primary health care (conjunctivitis)
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused most commonly by viral or bacterial infections. Symptoms include redness, irritation, watery discharge from the eye. Treatment depends on the severity but may include cold compresses, artificial tears, anti-inflammatory medications, antibiotics, or steroid drops. It is important to practice good hygiene to prevent the spread of conjunctivitis through direct contact with infected secretions or contaminated surfaces.
Conjunctivities prevention-occupational health
This document discusses conjunctivitis (pink eye) prevention in occupational settings. It defines conjunctivitis as an inflammation of the transparent membrane covering the eyeball. There are various types of conjunctivitis caused by bacteria, viruses, allergens, irritants, and other factors. At-risk occupational groups include chemical workers, healthcare workers, agriculture workers, and others exposed to irritants. Prevention tips include frequent hand washing, avoiding sharing personal items, wearing protective eyewear, and treating symptoms with irrigation, artificial tears, or medications under a doctor's guidance.
Presentation on stye...pdf
A stye, also known as a hordeolum, is an inflammation of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid that results in a red, tender bump on the edge of the eyelid. Common causes of a stye include bacterial infection by Staphylococcus bacteria, excessive use of cosmetics, poor nutrition, lack of hygiene, rubbing of the eyes, and lack of sleep. Symptoms include a red lump on the eyelid that looks like a boil or pimple, eyelid pain, and eyelid swelling. Treatment involves warm compresses, analgesics like acetaminophen, and antibiotics like erythromycin ophthalmic ointment or amoxicillin.
VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS Lecture-EKC (1).pptx
Viral conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused most commonly by adenovirus. It presents with red eyes, tearing, discharge, and itchiness. While symptoms are usually mild and resolve on their own within 2-3 weeks, adenovirus types 8, 4, and 19 can cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, a highly contagious and more severe form. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, and management focuses on relieving symptoms with cold compresses, artificial tears, and topical antihistamines or antibiotics if a secondary bacterial infection is suspected. Good hand hygiene and avoiding touching or sharing personal items are important to prevent spreading the virus.
5th-proff3-191018193638.pdf
The document provides information about the conjunctiva and conjunctivitis (pink eye). It defines the conjunctiva as the thin membrane that covers the eye and inner eyelid. It has two segments: the bulbar conjunctiva covers the outer eye, while the palpebral conjunctiva covers the inner eyelid. Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by allergies, bacteria, viruses, chemicals, or trachoma. Symptoms include redness, discharge, irritation and blurred vision. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, or surgery. Good hygiene and sanitation can help prevent infectious types.
Diseases of conjunctiva
The document provides information about the conjunctiva and conjunctivitis (pink eye). It defines the conjunctiva as the thin membrane that covers the eye and inner eyelid. It has two segments: the bulbar conjunctiva covers the eyeball, while the palpebral conjunctiva covers the inner eyelid. Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by allergies, bacteria, viruses, chemicals, or trachoma. Symptoms include redness, discharge, irritation and blurred vision. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, or surgery. Good hygiene and sanitation can help prevent infectious types.
Conjunctivitis
This document discusses conjunctivitis (pink eye). It begins by defining conjunctivitis and describing common causes such as viral, bacterial, or allergic infections. The clinical presentation of conjunctivitis is then outlined, including symptoms like redness, discharge, irritation. Risk factors and methods of transmission are later reviewed. The document separates conjunctivitis into specific types (viral, bacterial, allergic) and discusses signs, common causes and treatment for each. Prevention focuses on maintaining good hygiene to avoid spreading conjunctivitis.
approachforcommoneyeallergy 1.pptx
Eye allergy is 95% amongst allergy rhinitis and most neglected amongst allergy symptoms leading to severe keratoconjunctivitis, conus with complications
infection of eye and cataract.pdf
This document provides information on caring for patients with eye infections and cataracts. It begins with objectives and anatomy of the eye. Specific infections covered include blepharitis, hordeolum, chalazion, orbital cellulitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulcers. Cataracts are also discussed, including causes, types, signs and symptoms, and surgical management. For each condition, causes, signs and symptoms, treatment, and relevant nursing interventions are described.
conjunctivitis
its causes, types ,symptoms ,treatment and prevention.
important for nurses for making presentation...i hope it will help you to treat ur self ...stay safe stay healthy
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva that lines the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. It causes redness in the eyes and is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection, allergies, or irritation from chemicals or foreign objects. Symptoms include redness, itchiness, discharge, and tearing. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotic eye drops, ointments, or antihistamine eye drops to relieve symptoms. Good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of contagious forms of pink eye.
Primary care ophthalmology teaching
This is a presentation delivered by myself to my training practice on the 4ht of April 2020. This presentation aims to cover the common Ophthalmic presentations we see in Primary care.
Similar to Viral conjunctivitis basic overview (20)
More from PranatiChavan
Posology Posology: Definition, Factors affecting dose selection. Calculation ...
The science of dosage or posology (from Greek posos, how much, and logos, study) is a branch of pharmacology and therapeutics concerned with ‘treatment dosage’ and ‘dosage regimen’. Establishing optimum dosage underpins every clinical development plan for novel therapeutic candidates. Failure to select the adequate drug dose is a leading culprit for regulatory delays or denial of initial applications for new drugs and, more generally, inadequate dose selection contributes to the high attrition rate of pivotal clinical trials.
Gaseous dosage forms ppt
Gaseous dosage forms are packed in a container which gets released upon applying pressure. The gas inside contains therapeutically active medicaments. The containers have valve systems with continuous or limited delivery. They are used for topical application on skin and as local application into nose and mouth.
Sprays
Vaporizer
Aerosols
Nebulizer or atomizer
Inhalers
Semisolid dosage forms ppt
Semisolid dosage forms are neither solid nor liquid, however, they are a combination or mixture of both, and they used for both local and systemic effects. Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are used for topical application. Semisolid dosage forms are intended used as drug carriers that are transported topically through the skin, buckle tissue, rectal tissue, outer ear lining nasal mucosa, urethral membrane, vagina, and cornea. The semisolid may adhere adequately before washing on the surface of the application; this helps to extend the supply of drugs on the application site.
Liquid dosage forms ppt
Liquid dosage forms are effective pharmaceutical products containing a mixture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API/Drug) and non drug components (excipients). It is a dose of a drug used as a medicine for consumption or administration. Many liquid dosage forms are used in the pharmacy, but the most commonly used are syrup, suspension, and elixirs. The general category of liquid oral doses includes a broad range of dosage forms, broadly classified as monophasic and biphasic. Whereas dosage forms in both types comprise at least one drug, monophasic forms are homogeneous and completely dissolve in liquid, whereas biphasic forms in a vehicle do not dissolve.
Solid dosage forms ppt
Dosage forms come in many types, depending on the method or route of administration. Solid dosage forms, semi-solid dosage forms, liquid dosage forms, and gaseous dosage forms are used for the diagnosis or treatment of the disease by various routes. Solid dosage forms are the most significant dosage forms in pharmaceuticals; it has one or more unit dose of medicament. The solid dosage form is the most commonly used and prescribed by doctors as compared to other dosage forms. It can be administered orally in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, etc. Of these, the tablet is one of the most commonly used oral solid dosage forms.
common laboratory apparatus ppt
The document lists and describes common laboratory apparatus used in chemistry experiments, including beakers, conical flasks, measuring cylinders, mortar and pestles, test tubes, test tube holders, racks, bungs, watch glasses, stirring rods, funnels, pipettes, spatulas, forceps, scalpels, burettes, Bunsen burners, tripods, gauze, heatproof mats, clay triangles, evaporating dishes, crucibles, crucible tongs, clamp stands, litmus paper, and universal indicator. Each apparatus has a specific use, such as holding liquids, measuring volumes, grinding substances, heating materials, or testing pH.
Introduction to dosage form
Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular configuration (such as a capsule shell, for example), and apportioned into a particular dose. For example, two products may both be amoxicillin, but one is in 500 mg capsules and another is in 250 mg chewable tablets. The term unit dose can also sometimes encompass non-reusable packaging as well (especially when each drug product is individually packaged
Pharmacy /Pharmaceutics Introduction ppt
Pharmaceutics is the area of study concerned with the formulation,
manufacturing stability and effectiveness of pharmaceutical dosage form. In
the previous unit various communicable, non-communicable disorders were
described. In this unit we will study how the drugs are administered in the body
to be effective. Drugs are rarely used alone. They are used as a part of a
formulation with other non-drug substances. These non-drug substances or
additives serve specific function. The drugs presented in the dosage form are
given in a specific quantity i.e. dose for a specific period. These dosage forms
are available in various forms as required for a specific disease condition.
Packaging of dosage form is another important aspect as the dosage form
should not degrade during storage. A good packaging is necessary to protect
the drug component from any type of deterioration till it reaches the consumer.
Atropine substitutes Pharmacology ppt
Many semisynthetic derivatives of belladonna
alkaloids and a large number of synthetic compounds have been introduced with the aim of
producing more selective action on certain
functions. Most of these differ only marginally
from the natural alkaloids, but some recent ones
appear promising.
Hypertension pharmacotherapy part 2 ppt
First-line medications used in the treatment of hypertension include diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Some patients will require 2 or more antihypertensive medications to achieve their BP target. As per special consideration, modified treatment is given in the presentation.
Hypertension nonpharmacologic recommendations ppt
Non-pharmacological interventions help reduce the daily dose of antihypertensive medication and delay the progression from prehypertension to hypertension stage. Non-pharmacological interventions include lifestyle modifications like dietary modifications, exercise, avoiding stress, and minimizing alcohol consumption.
Heart sounds in short ppt
Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it. Specifically, the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the heart valves snap shut. In cardiac auscultation, an examiner may use a stethoscope to listen for these unique and distinct sounds that provide important auditory data regarding the condition of the heart.
In healthy adults, there are two normal heart sounds, often described as a lub and a dub that occur in sequence with each heartbeat. These are the first heart sound (S1) and second heart sound (S2), produced by the closing of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, respectively. In addition to these normal sounds, a variety of other sounds may be present including heart murmurs, adventitious sounds, and gallop rhythms S3 and S4.
Distribution of drugs pharmacology ppt
Once a drug has gained access to the bloodstream,
it gets distributed to other tissues that initially
had no drug, concentration gradient being in the
direction of plasma to tissues. T
Absorption of drugs pharmacology ppt
Absorption is the movement of the drug from its site
of administration into circulation. Not only
the fraction of the administered dose that gets
absorbed but also the rate of absorption is
important. Except when given i.v., the drug has
to cross biological membranes; absorption is
governed by the above-described principles.
pulmonary function tests ppt
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are working. The tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. This information can help your healthcare provider diagnose and decide the treatment of certain lung disorders.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Association with Type 2 Diabetes Me...
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a clinical condition that is associated with energy metabolism, particularly carbohydrate and fat management in the organism. An increase in the prevalence of diabetic population and the association of decreasing patient compliance and medication adherence leads to prefer a new concept for the management of disease complications.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has proved to be effective for controlling diabetes.
Objectives: The purpose of this review is to perform an overview of CAM use, to emphasize its importance for managing diabetic complications and to get outfits of CAM.
Discussion: A literature survey was done by using various articles related to CAM and Diabetes mellitus. The focus was kept on
the frequency of CAM use, the methods they use, the factors related to the use of CAM, the sources of information about CAM
treatment, and the effect of the method used for disease management.
Conclusion: This review concluded that CAM therapy found to have adept at reducing blood glucose, maintaining a healthy
body, and relieving symptoms of DM. From the study, the relevance of CAM for managing Diabetic complications was verified
And the future need to perform scientific researches on CAM use was analyzed.
clinical research some basic terms
Clinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and effectiveness (efficacy) of medications, devices, diagnostic products, and treatment regimens intended for human use. These may be used for prevention, treatment, diagnosis, or for relieving symptoms of a disease. here some basic terms associated with clinical research are mentioned in the presentation, which proves helpful to understand the basic knowledge about research.
Open Education Resource: Flipping the classroom with MOODLE
Open Education Resource: Flipping the classroom with MOODLE
Work done as part of AICTE approved FDP on the Use of ICT in Education for Online and Blended Learning.
Present OER is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License. You are free to use, distribute and modify it, including for commercial purposes, provided you acknowledge the source and share-alike. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Oral contraceptives/ Hormonal contraception
Most oral contraceptives contain a combination of 2 types of hormones: an estrogen and a progestin. Both of these hormones are naturally found in women’s bodies. There are many different types of estrogens and progestins, and different types of pills contain different combinations, but they all work similarly. Some pills contain only progestin, sometimes called the “mini-pill.”
sex hormones pharmacology
The two main sex hormones — estrogen and testosterone — have wide-ranging effects in the body. Produced primarily by the ovaries (estrogen) and testes (testosterone), these hormones affect not just your sexual function but also your bones, brain, and blood vessels.
More from PranatiChavan (20)
Posology Posology: Definition, Factors affecting dose selection. Calculation ...
Posology Posology: Definition, Factors affecting dose selection. Calculation ...
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Association with Type 2 Diabetes Me...
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Association with Type 2 Diabetes Me...
Open Education Resource: Flipping the classroom with MOODLE
Open Education Resource: Flipping the classroom with MOODLE
Recently uploaded
Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
STIs may cause PID. For the both disease, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recently uploaded (20)
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Viral conjunctivitis basic overview
- 1. Viral Conjunctivitis Dr. Chavan P.R. Pharm D
- 2. Index • Definition • Typewise differenciation • Causes • Pathophysiology • Clinical presentations • Diagnosis • Preventive measures • Treatment
- 3. Definition • Inflammation or infection of the outer membrane of the eyeball and the inner eyelid. • It is also known by the name Pink eye. • Conjunctivitis can be considered as allergic, viral or bacterial
- 5. Causes • Adenovirus • Enteroviruses • Herpes simplex virus, the cold sore virus, which usually affects only one eye • Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, associated with shingles • Molluscum contagiosum, also known as water warts • Measles • Mumps • Rubella, also known as German measles • Infectious mononucleosis • Parammyxovirus • HIV • ARBOR virus
- 6. Pathophysiology Conjuctival discharge Conjuctival tissue response Cellular response Vascular response
- 7. Clinical presentations • Pinkness or, typically, intense redness of the eye • Burning, a sensation of grittiness or mild pain or discomfort in the eye • Watery discharge from the eye, sometimes with a small amount of mucus • Crustiness around the eyelids upon waking in the morning • Swollen, red eyelids • Slight sensitivity to bright light • Swelling of the lymph nodes in front of the ears • Other symptoms of viral infection, e.g. runny nose, sore throat and cough in the case of a cold
- 8. Diagnosis • Can be diagnosed at home and treated as well • Medical history • History of infectious contact • In severe cases eye discharge taken for further assessment
- 9. Complications • Ulcers and inflammation of the cornea (keratitis) • Scarring of the eye and damage to vision
- 10. Prevention • Avoiding contact with people who have pink eye • Maintaining good hygiene, such as washing your hands often with soap and water, or using hand sanitizer • Avoiding touching your eyes when your hands are not clean
- 11. • Maintaining good hygiene, such as washing your hands often with soap and water, or using hand sanitizer, especially after treating the eyes • Cleaning your spectacles • Avoiding touching the eyes other than when treating them, as this can spread the virus • Washing pillowcases and towels often and avoiding sharing them with others
- 12. • Avoiding sharing makeup and eye drops • When necessary, staying off school or work until symptoms of viral conjunctivitis have cleared; this is generally when the eyes are no longer red and irritated • Avoiding the use of swimming pools
- 13. Treatment • Mild forms can be cured by own within 1-3 weeks • Applying a cold or warm compress, a clean cloth that has been soaked in water to the eye • Gently cleaning discharge from the eye with a clean cloth, sterile pad or cotton wool soaked in water • Applying lubricating eye drops to the eye (artificial tears) and are available without a prescription. Care must be taken not to use the drops in the other eye if only one eye is infected
- 14. • Applying antihistamine/decongestant eye drops, which are often available without a prescription; these may help to reduce irritation • Avoiding the use of contact lenses until the infection has cleared • Antibiotics not needed
- 15. Drugs used in viral conjuctivitis are mostly • Idoxuridine • Acyclovir • Famciclovir • Valacyclovir • Ganciclovir • Foscarnet
- 16. Mechanism of antiviral agents
- 17. Thank you