This document discusses ocular symptoms and their potential causes. It describes symptoms related to vision such as blurred vision, floaters, flashes of light, and diplopia that can indicate issues like retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, or optic neuritis. Symptoms involving the eyelids like lumps, swelling, or drooping may signal problems like entropion or ectropion. Common symptoms of redness, discharge, pain, irritation and burning are discussed in relation to conditions like conjunctivitis, uveitis, glaucoma and dry eyes. The document provides an overview of important symptoms in ophthalmology and their differential diagnoses.

1. PRESENTATION BY NAZNEEN NASIR

2. WHAT ARE SYMPTOMS?
subjective evidence of disease or physical
disturbance
Or
What the patient feels and describes it to
the doctor.

3. Symptoms in
ophthalmology
 Related to vision
 Pain
 Symptoms associated with external
diseases related to eyelids ,eyelashes
,conjunctiva or cornea
 Symptoms related to internal diseases
involving retina ,vitreous, vessels and
nerves related to eye

4. Symptoms related to
vision
 For example ;
 Blurred vision
 Decreased vision
 Vision loss
 Night blindness
 photophobia
 Floaters ,halos around light, flashes, dark
spots in vision
 Eye strain

5. Symptoms related to
eyelids
 Lumps or swelling
 Eyelids turned in (entropion)
 Eyelids turned out (ectropion)
 Crusts
 Drooping of lids
 Spots
 Spasm or twitching
 Limited movements
 Eyelashes touching cornea or conjunctiva

6. COMMON OCULAR
SYMPTOMS
 Redness
 Hemorrhage
 Burning
 Itching
 Grittiness
 Discharge
 Foreign body sensation
 Irritation
 Spot
 Swelling
 Tearing
 Any new growth

7. RELATED TO
ORBIT Outward Protusion
 Inward displacement
 Restricted movements

8. PAIN
 Ocular
 Periorbital

9. Symptoms related to vision
 Vision loss
 Blurring of vision
 One eye involved or both eyes.
 Mode of onset (gradual or sudden)
 Painful or painless
 Duration
 For distance or near
 Time of day when it is maximum
 Any associated symptom ( diplopia,
flashes,halos,photophobia, headache
,nausea
vomiting,blepharospasm,lacrimation)

10. Sudden painless vision loss
 Vitreous hemorrhage
 Retinal detachment
 Optic neuritis
 Central retinal artery occlusion
 Central retinal vein occlusion

11. Sudden painful vision loss
 Acute congestive glaucoma
 Trauma
 Chemical injuries
 Foreign body
 Giant cell arteritis

12. Gradual painless dimness of
vision
 Cataract
 Open angle glaucoma
 Age related macular degeneration
 Diabetic retinopathy
 Corneal dystrophy
 Optic atrophy

13. Gradual painful vision loss
 Corneal ulcer /keratitis
 Chronic iridocyclitis

14. Transient vision loss
(amaurosis fagax)
 Migraine
 Carotid artery disease
 Papilloedma
 Prodormal symptom of CRAO

15. FLOATERS
 Vitreous degeneration
 Exudates in vitreous
 Uveitis
 Vitreous hemorrhage

16. Night blindness
 Vitamin A deficiency
 Retinitis pigmentosa
 pathological myopia
 Peripheral cortical cataract

17. Day blindness (hamarlopia)
 Central nuclear or polar cataract
 Central corneal opacity
 Central vitreous opacity
 Congenital deficiency of cones

18. Flashes of light
 Posterior vitreous detachment
 Retinal detachment
 Traction bands in retina

19. Distorted vision
 Micropsia (small size objects)
 Macropsia (large size objects)
 Metamorphopsia (distorted shape of
object)
 In macular diseases

20. Halos around light
 Acute congestive glaucoma
 Mucupurulent conjunctivitis
 Mature or hypermature cataract

21. Diplopia
 Binocular
 Paralytic and
restrictive
strabismus
 Nerve palsy
,myesthenia gravis,
thyroid eye diseases
,blow out fracture of
globe
 Uniocular
 Subluxated lens
 Double pupil
 Decentered IOL
 High astigmatism

22. Watering from eye
 Lacrimation
 Epiphora ( due to nasolacrimal system
block)
 Foreign body
 Irritation
 infection

23. Discharge from eyes
 Watery
 Purulent or mucopurulent
 Hemorrhagic
 Ropy discharge

24. Itching ,burning or foreign body
sensation
 Conjunctivitis
 Trachoma
 Dry eyes
 Trichiasis
 Foreign body

25. RED EYE
 Subconjunctival hemorrhage
 Conjunctivits
 Episcleiritis
 Corneal ulcer
 Acute congestive glaucoma
 Anterior uveitis
 Scleritis
 trauma

26. Ocular or periocular pain
 Acute congestive glaucoma
 Uveitis
 Trauma
 Giant cell arteritis

27. Headache
 Pseudotumor cerebri
 Refractive error ( mostly astigmatism)
 Sinusitis
 Migraine

28. PHOTOPHOBIA
 corneal abrasion
 uveitis
 meningitis.
 detached retina
 contact lens irritations
 sunburn
 refractive surgery.

29. Asthenopic symptoms or eye
strain
 Convergence or fusional insufficiency
 Refractive error
 astigmatism