This document provides an overview of 4G technology, including its evolution from 3G, key features like ultra-broadband speeds up to 1 Gbps, use of OFDMA and all-IP packet switched networks, and applications like high-definition mobile TV. 4G aims to provide better coverage, bandwidth, and power efficiency compared to 3G, though implementation comes with challenges like high costs and need for new infrastructure and devices.

1. PRESENTED BY :
TARUN CHANDEL
1153247
B.TECH 7th Semester
(ECE)

2.  INTRODUCTION
 EVOLUTION
 WHY 4G IS REQUIRED ?
 WHAT’S NEW IN 4G ?
 TECHNOLOGY USED IN 4G / SOFTWARE AND
HARDWARE
 3G VS 4G
 APPLICATIONS
 ADVANTAGES
 LIMITATIONS
 CONCLUSION

3. Our ultimate goal is to communicate with any type of
information with anyone, at anytime from anywhere.
This is possible with the aid of “ WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY “.
 4G is abbreviation of Fourth Generation.
 It is successor to the THIRD GENERATION (3G)
 A 4G system provides mobile “ULTRA BROADBAND
SPEED”- to be counted in gigabytes per second.

4. Cont.....
 This Technology is currently available in some countries
but it is still being perfected.
 Its goal is to reduce blips in transmission when a device
moves between area covered by different networks.

5.  In April 2006, KT started the world’s first commercial
mobile WiMAX service in Seoul, South Korea.
 In February 2007, the Japanese company NTT DoCoMo
tested a 4G communication system prototype with 4*4
MIMO at 100 Mbps while moving, and 1 Gbps while
stationary.
 In December 2009 the first commercial LTE
deployment was by TeliaSonera & NetCom. The modem
device on offer were manufacture by Samsung, and the
network infrastructure by Huawei & Ericsson.

6. Cont.....
In March 2008, the International Telecommunication
Union- Radio Communication (ITU-R) SPECIFIED a set of
requirements for 4G standards named the IMT-Advanced.
 On 10 April 2012, Bharti Airtel launched 4G LTE in
Kolkata, first in India.

7.  Due to substantial growth in overall number of subscribers.
 Due to massive demand of new services like data, audio,
image or video.
 Firstly 3G’s maximum data transfer rate is of 384 Kbps to 2
Mbps is much slower than 20 Mbps to 100 Mbps of 4G.

8.  Entirely Packet Switched Network.
 All network elements are Digital.
 Higher Band Width to provide multimedia services at
lower cost (upto 100 Mbps) .
 The possible IEEE Standards for the 4G system used is
802.20 n

9.  OFDMA
 UWB
 Smart Antennas
 IPv6

10.  It transmit large amount of digital data over a radio
wave.
 OFDMA works by splitting the radio signal into multiple
smaller sets of frequencies to the receiver.
 By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDMA
signal inter signal interference is virtually eliminated if the
maximum channel spread is less than the time interval of
cyclic prefix

11. Cont....
 In OFDMA the subcarrier pulse used in transmission is
rectangular.
 Here modulation can be performed by an IDFT, which can
be generated very effectively as an IFFT. So, receiver only
needs a FFT to receive this process.

12.  An advanced technology that can be used in 4G
technology.
 It is typically detected as noise.
 It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which
means that it can use frequencies that are currently in use by
other radio frequency devices.
 It uses a frequency of 3.1-10.6 Hz.
 It uses less power since it transmits pulse instead of
continuous signal.

13. Cont....
 Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

14.  Smart antennas (MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart
signal processing algorithm used to identify spatial signal
signature such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal,
and use it to calculate beam forming vectors, to track and
locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target.
Transmitter with
Multiple antennas

15.  IPv6 means Internet Protocol version 6.
 The Internet Protocol is the method or protocol which sent
data from one computer to another on the internet.
 Each computer (known as host) on the internet has at least
one IP that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on
the internet.
 It include 128 bit which is four times more than 32 bit IP
address in IPv4.

16. UNDERSTANDING OF IPv6 IN 4G
 32 bit IP address looks like (216.37.129.9)
 Al four sets are defined in different functions and
usage.
 The first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be
defined be the “Home address” purpose.
 The second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can
be declared as the “Care of address”

17. Cont.....
 The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed
as “Mobile IP address”. It is the communication channels to
wire-line network and wireless network.
 The last set of IP address (192.168.5.120) can be “Local
network address” for virtual private network (VPN) sharing
purpose.

18.  In Wireless networks, quality of service (QOS) refers to the
measure of the performance for a system reflecting its
transmission quality and service availability.
 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99% .
 In 4G QOS may be divided into following ways-
 Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to
complete a transaction and the packet loss rate.

19. Cont.....
 Circuit-level QOS include call blocking from new as well as
existing calls.
 User-level QOS depends on user mobility and application
type.

20.  A software defined ratio is one that can be configured to
any radio or frequency standard through the use of software.
 The phone should automatically switch from operating on a
CDMA frequency to TDMA frequency whenever it is required
 Roaming can be an issue with different standards. But with
SDR user can just download the interface upon entering new
territory, or the software could just download automatically.

21. TECHNOLOGY 3G 4G
Development 2001 2010
Services Voice quality & always
on broadband data
Data and voice over IP,
LTE
Standard IMT-2000
(UMTS,WCDMA,
CDMA 2000)
Single standard based
on LTE advanced
Architecture Circuit and Packet
switched
Packet switched
Multiplexing CDMA OFDM+MIMO,
W-OFDM, MC-CDMA
Core network PSTN & some IP
network
Completely IP based
Data rate 384 kbps-3.1 Mbps 100 mbps-1 Gbps

22.  In Traffic control.
 Multimedia- Video services.
 Telemedicine.
 High definition Mobile TV.
 Video conferencing.
 Virtual Navigation.
 Crisis management.

23.  Support for multimedia , voice, streaming videos, internet
and broadband services.
 Quickly download files over a wireless network.
 Easily access Internet, social networks, streaming media,
video calling.
 Ad-hoc and multi-hop networks.
 Better spectral efficiency.
 4G is 10 times faster than 3G.

24.  Expensive and hard to implement.
 Battery usage is more.
 Need complex hardware.
 Consumer is forced to buy a new device support the 4G.
 Higher data prices for consumers.
 New component in cell towers.

25.  There is a need for next generation of wireless technology
i.e. 4G. Which will be a platform for seamless technology
providing widespread coverage, band width and power
consumption with higher data rates.
 Today’s wired society is going wireless and if it has
problem, 4G is answer..........