1) Wireless communication has evolved from 1G to 4G networks, with each generation offering faster speeds and new capabilities. 2) 4G networks provide broadband speeds up to 1Gbps using technologies like OFDMA, MIMO, and an all-IP packet switched network. 3) Key aspects of 4G include mobile broadband access, customized services, and support for multimedia and voice over internet protocol.

1. Present by:reza meshkani

2. Evolution from 1G to 4G system
1G Wireless System :Developed in 1980s and
completed in early 1990’s
2G Wireless System :The 2G phase began in the
1990s and much of this technology is still in use.
3G Wireless System :It was developed in the late
1990s until present day,Japan is the first country
having introduced 3G nationally

3. • Analog Communication1G
• Digital communication
Introduced2G
• Features included like live
tv, fast data transfer3G
• Mobile Broadband, Magic4G
Evolution From 1G to 4G

4. 4G TECHNOLOGY
(Anytime ,Anywhere)
4G technology refer to or short name of fourth Generation
which was started from late 2000s.
Capable of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps speed.
One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC.
MAGIC:
Mobile Multimedia
Anytime Anywhere
Global Mobility Support
Integrated Wireless Solution
Customized Personal Services
Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere.

6. Faster and more reliable – 100 Mbps
 Lower cost than previous generations.
 Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooh,wifi
Coverage of wide area.
 Wide Variety of services capability.
 IPv6 core
 Potentially IEEE standards 802.11
 Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.
MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA spread spectrum radio
technology.

7. For the customer
 Video streaming , TV broadcast
 Video calls , video clips- news , music , sports
 Enhanced gaming , chat , location services…
For Business
 High speed Tele-working / VPN access
 Sales force automation
 Video conferencing
 Real-time financial information

8. Specifications 3G 4G
Frequency band 1.5- 2.8 GHz 2-8 GHz
Band width 5-20 MHz 100 MHz
Data transfer rate upto 2 Mb/sec 100 Mb/sec (or more)
Access wideband CDMA Multi-carrier-CDMA or
OFDM(TDMA)
FEC Turbo codes concatenated codes
Switching Circuit/ Packet Packet
Download and upload 5.8 Mb/sec 14 Mb/sec
Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid:Integration of
wireless LAN (WiFi,
Bluetooth) and wide area
IP A number of air link protocols,
including IP 5.0
All IP (IPv6)
Core Network Packet Network Internet

10.  The equipment required to implement a next generation network
is still very expensive.
 Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure
that expenses are kept realistic.
 Battery uses is more
 Hard to implement
 Need complicated hardware
 Expensive equipment required to implement next generation
network.

11. Components of 4G
 There are some components which makes the successful 4G
systems they are:
a) OFDMA
b) MIMO
c) IPv6.0
d) Spectral efficiency of 4G
e) SDR(Software Defined Radio)
f) Smart antennas

12. Components (contd..)
OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access.
 It captures entire energy
 Only few signals are affected or lost in OFDM while compared to
CDMA in 3G.
MIMO(Multi Input Multi Output):
 improve the communication performance between sender and
receiver
 range, quality of received signal and spectrum efficiency are high.

13. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)
 Transmission technique based
on FDM
 In FDM
Multiple signals are sent
out at the same time, but on
different frequencies
 In OFDMA
A single transmitter
transmits on many different
orthogonal (independent)
frequencies (typically
dozens to thousands)
Frequencies closely spaced
Each only has room for
Narrowband signal 13

15. Component (contd..)
IPv6.0:
 Allows more address than IPv4.0
 IPv6 each device have own IP address.
SDR(Software Defined Radio):
 A SDR will allow increasing network capacity at specific time.

16. How ipv6 Works ?
• The IP address is based on IPv6.
• IPv4: X . X . X . X (32 bits)
example: 216.37.129.9
• IPv6: 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)
• example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120
Home
Address
Care of
Address
Mobile IP
address
Local network
address

17. Components(contd..)
Smart antenna
 Switched Antenna: Based on the requirement of the
system ,signal is received at any given time.
 Adaptive Antenna: Steer the signal at any direction
of interest ,nullify the interfering signal.

18. Components - Advanced Antenna Systems
 Transmitting & receiving antennas
 Resolve problem of diminishing spectrum availability
 Doesn’t require increase power or additional frequency
 Fix no. of beams that can be selected to follow devices as
it moves about
 Advantages:
Increased capacity
Increased range
Less power use for transmission
Reductions in handoff rate
New services
Increase security

19. What is needed to Build 4G Networks of
Future?
 Lower Price Points Only Slightly Higher than
Alternatives
 More Coordination Among Spectrum Regulators
Around the World
 More Academic Research
 Standardization of wireless networks
 A Voice-independent Business Justification
Thinking
 Integration Across Different Network Topologies
 Non-disruptive or proper Implementation