The document outlines a study on active and passive vibration control techniques, detailing the use of PID controllers in managing vibrations in a structure. It discusses material specifications, experimentation, and controller tuning methods, emphasizing the need for amplifiers to actuate the control systems effectively. Experimental results highlight the parameters for designing a PID controller and the challenges encountered in the setup.

2.  Introduction
 Material Specifications
 Active and passive vibrations
 Experimental Setup
 PD Controller
 Experimental Results
 Observations
 Conclusion and recommendation
 References

4. 1. Dimension
length- 27cm
Breadth- 2.5cm
Height- .07cm
2. Material used- Mild Steel
3. Software Used-Lab view

5.  Active vibration control is defined as a
technique in which the vibration of a
structure is reduced or controlled by applying
counter force to the structure that is
approximately out of phase but equal in
amplitude to the original vibration.
 Techniques like the use of spring, dampers
and pads are known as passive vibrations
controlled.

11.  A PID controller is a control loop feedback
mechanism (controller) extensively used in
control systems.
 What it does??
It calculates an "error" value as the
difference between a measured process
variable and a desired set point which is
given as input initially. It attempts to
minimize the error by adjusting the process
control inputs.

12.  Proportional
it depends on the present error
 Integral
it depends on the accumulation of past
errors
 Derivative
it is a prediction of future errors which is
based on current rate of change.

13. The effect of increasing each of
controller parameters kp, ki and kd.

14. Typical steps for designing a PID controller are
1. Determine what characteristics of the system
needs to be improved.
2. Use KP to decrease the rise time.
3. Use KD to reduce the overshoot and settling
time.
 This works in many cases, but what would be a
good starting point? What if the first parameters
we choose are totally crappy? Can we find a good
set of initial parameters easily and quickly?

16. Damping frequency = 50.24 rad/sec
Natural frequency = 50.26rad/sec
Damping ratio = 0.019
Settling time = 4.188 sec
Rise time = 0.015 sec

17. Kp=1
Kd=0.001

18. Kp=1
Kd=.007

19.  Following parameters are obtained
Damping frequency = 50.24 rad/sec
Natural frequency = 50.26rad/sec
Damping ratio = 0.019
Settling time = 4.188 sec
Rise time = 0.015 sec
 During controller design, the proportional
gain was set to 1. Increasing the Proportional
gain to more than 1 increase the amplitude of
the output signal.

20.  Proportional Derivative (PD) controller can be used
to control the vibrations.
 we were unable to actuate the cantilever beam
because the output signals produced by the
controller were too weak to produce mechanical
vibrations and hence cannot be implemented
without an amplifier, nevertheless we observed the
output signals on Labview
 In order to accomplish it we need some amplifier to
amplify the actuation given by PZT crystal

22.  K. B. Waghulde et al. /International Journal of
Engineering and Technology Vol.2(4), 2010, 259-
262.
 Journal of Vibration and Control March 2012 vol.
18 no. 3 366-372.
 http://www.kyu.edu.tw/93/epaperv6/93-
033.pdf
 Wikipedia – The free encyclopaedia..
 National Instruments (NI) manual.
 Tutorials on Controller design by National
Instruments (NI).