This document discusses different types of hydraulic jacks. It begins with introductions to hydraulics, Pascal's law, and the working principle of hydraulic jacks. Then it describes various parts of hydraulic jacks like the reservoir, pump, cylinder, and release valve. It discusses the historical development of hydraulic jacks and their applications. Different types are outlined, including screw jacks, hydraulic jacks like bottle jacks and floor jacks, pneumatic jacks, and farm jacks. Advantages of remote-controlled hydraulic jacks are provided. Design and calculations for a hydraulic jack are also presented.

1. UNIVERSITY OF ENGINNERING & TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2017
Submitted by:
Roll No.s 2015-ME-08, 2015-ME-10,
2015-ME-11, 2015-ME-12, 2015-ME-13,
2015-ME-14, 2015-ME-15
Hydraulic Jack

2. Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................4
What is Hydraulics?..................................................................................................................................4
Literature Review......................................................................................................................................4
WORKING PRINCIPLE..............................................................................................................................4
Pascal’s Law .............................................................................................................................................5
FEATURES ..................................................................................................................................................5
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................6
APPLICATIONS ..........................................................................................................................................6
ADVANTAGES OF REMOTE-CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC JACK ....................................................6
DIFFERENT TYPES OF JACKS ................................................................................................................7
Bottle jack.....................................................................................................................................7
1. Screw Jack ........................................................................................................................................7
(a) Simple Screw Jack ....................................................................................................................8
(b) Differential Screw Jack.............................................................................................................8
(c) Bottle Jack (Screw Version) .....................................................................................................9
2. Hydraulic Jack ..................................................................................................................................9
(a) Floor Jack[1]:............................................................................................................................9
(b) Bottle jack (Hydraulic version)[1]:.........................................................................................10
(c) Strand Jack[1]: ........................................................................................................................10
3. Pneumatic Jack................................................................................................................................10
(a) Air hydraulic jack: ..................................................................................................................11
(b) Inflatable jack[1]:....................................................................................................................11
4. Farm Jack........................................................................................................................................11
DIFFERENT PARTS OF HYDRAULIC JACK........................................................................................11
1. Reservoir[6]: ...................................................................................................................................11
2. Pump:[1] .........................................................................................................................................12
3. Check valve[7]:...............................................................................................................................12
4. Cylinder[8]:.....................................................................................................................................13
5. Ram/Piston[9]:................................................................................................................................14
6. Release valve[10]:...........................................................................................................................15
7. Base Plate(11):................................................................................................................................16
8. Hose pipe(13):.................................................................................................................................16

3. 9. Gland Fitting(15): ...........................................................................................................................18
DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC JACK:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………....1
8
DESIGN CALCULATION FOR HYDRAULIC JACK: ...........................................................................22
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................................23
REFERENCES: ..........................................................................................................................................24
Design and Fabrication of Hydraulic Jack

4. INTRODUCTION
A hydraulic jack is a jack that uses a liquid to push against a piston. This is based on Pascal’s
Principle. The principle states that pressure in a closed container is the same at all points. If there are two
cylinders connected, applying force to the smaller cylinder will result in the same amount of pressure in the
larger cylinder. However, since the larger cylinder has more area, the resulting force will be greater. In
other words, an increase in area leads to an increase in force. The greater the difference in size between the
two cylinders, the greater the increase in the force will be. A hydraulic jack operates based on this two
cylinder system.
What is Hydraulics?
Hydraulics is the branch of fluid mechanics which deals with energy
transformation through fluid medium. In this project, fluid is used as a medium for energy transfer. Yes, it
is transfer of energy, the electrical energy from the vehicle battery is converted into mechanical energy as
linear actuation with the help of a fluid.
Literature Review
A mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy
equipment and vehicles so that maintenance can be carried out
underneath. A hydraulic jack is a device that uses a liquid to push
against a piston.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
A hydraulic mechanical jack employs the mechanism of a hydraulic
power system in the lifting of heavy equipment. The most common form is a car jack, floor jack or garage
jack which lifts vehicles or trucks so that maintenance can be performed. Hydraulic jacks are usually rated
based on its maximum lifting capacity which could include: 1.5 tons, 3 tons, 20 tons or 30 tons .The first
ever hydraulic jack was
designed by Richard
Dudgeon back in mid-19th
century. Dudgeon deserves a
special credit for his
innumerable inventions
including the roller boiler
tube expanders, filter press
jacks, pulling jacks, heavy
plate hydraulic whole
punches and various kinds of
lifting jacks.
Hydraulic jacks uses fluid, which is incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder by a pump plunger
.Hydraulic oil is used since it is self-lubricating and stable. When the plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of
the reservoir through a suction check valve into the pump chamber. When the plunger moves forward, it
pushes the oil through a discharge check valve into the cylinder. The suction valve ball is within the

5. chamber and opens with each draw of the plunger. The discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and
opens when the oil is pushed into the cylinder. At this point the suction ball within the chamber is forced
shut and oil pressure builds in the cylinder. In other cases, some hydraulic jacks have horizontal pistons
which push on the short end of a bell crank, with the long arm providing the vertical motion to a lifting pad,
kept horizontal with a horizontal linkage. The incorporating of castors and wheels allows for the
compensation of the arc taken by the lifting pad; this mechanism provides a low profile when collapsed,
for easy maneuvering underneath the truck while allowing considerable extension. The d c motor is coupled
with the hydraulic jack by gear arrangement with the rotation of the d c motor determining the lifting speed
of the hydraulic jack.
Pascal’s Law
“A pressure change occurring anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the
fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere.” In other words a change in pressure at any point in an
enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid. This principle is stated
mathematically as:
∆𝑷 = 𝝆𝒈∆𝒉
∆𝑷 Is the hydrostatic
pressure (given in pascals in
the SI system), or the difference in
pressure at two points within a fluid
column, due to the weight of the
fluid;
Ρ is the fluid density (in kilograms
per cubic meter in the SI system);
G is acceleration due to gravity
(normally using the sea level
acceleration due to Earth's gravity, in
SI in meters per second squared);
∆𝒉 Is the height of fluid above the
point of measurement, or the difference in elevation between the two points within the fluid column (in
meters in SI)?
If there are two cylinders connected, applying force to the smaller cylinder will result in the same amount
of pressure in the larger cylinder. However, since the lager cylinder has more area, the resulting force will
be greater. In other words, an increase in area leads to an increase in force. The greater the difference in
size between the two cylinders, the greater the increase in the force will be. A hydraulic jack operates on
this two cylinder system.
FEATURES
The jack uses compressible fluid, which is forced into a cylinder by a plunger. Oil is usually used for the
liquid because it is self-lubricating and has stability compared with other liquids. When the plunger comes
up, it pulls the liquid through a check valve suction pump. When the plunger is lowered again, it sends
liquid through another valve into a cylinder. A ball used for suction in the cylinder shuts the cylinder and
pressure builds up in the cylinder. The suction valve present in the jack opens at each draw of the plunger.
The discharge valve, which is outside the jack, opens when oil is pushed into the cylinder. The pressure of
the liquid enables the device to lift heavy loads.

6. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The history of the hydraulic jacks can be dated many years ago when French mathematician and philosopher
by the name Blaise Pascal illustrated the principle of hydraulic jack in the 17th century. Later in 1795,
Joseph Bramah the British engineer obtained a Patent for certain new methods of producing and application
of more power to all machinery that requiring motion and force, and this involved the first hydraulic press.
Richard Dudgeon incorporation started in New York as a machine shop and on July 8, 1851, inventor, and
founder Richard Dudgeon was awarded a patent for ‘portable hydraulic presses. These jacks were operated
by water or any other fluids as whiskey and whale oil; the heads device was the location for fluid reservoir.
During the winter, other liquids tend to freeze and thicken hence the most applied fluid was whiskey and
the name Whiskey Jack came into existence.
Dudgeon’s hydraulic jack had some weaknesses like the device seemed to be heavy especially on the top
part due to the presence of reservoir on the head.
Dudgeon corrected this problem 14 years later where he designed the fluid reservoir on the base, making
the device improved and new model. The invented 1851 Jack has proved more powerful, portable and easily
operated as compared to screw jacks that require great effort while lifting heavy devices. Dudgeon jacks
functions in railroad shops and industries for shipbuilding. His Jack, however, have been of high
performance and functional everywhere enough to guarantee the upcoming inventor of successful
financially just from the start point.
APPLICATIONS
 Metal press work (to press sheet metal to any required shape).
 Drawing and pushing rods.
 Bending and straightening any metal piece.
 Packing press.
 Dismantling of old tanks
 Repair to tank foundation
 Building of field erected storage tanks
 Repair or replacement of tank bottom plate
 Increasing tank capacity by adding shell rings or courses
 Erection of other circular structures such as reactor shields in nuclear power stations, etc.
ADVANTAGES OF REMOTE-CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC JACK
Well-functioning remote controlled hydraulic unit can yield a whole range of
benefits for their users, the society and the environment in the:
 Safety First: Hydraulic jacking System is one of the most safest mode to erect storage tank,
complete work is executed on ground level preventing risks of accidents. For decades, there has
been not a single report that proves its credibility in being the safest and most likely method for the
storage tank construction. The hydraulic jack systems has now gained a lot of popularity.
 Easier Inspection: Our efficient hydraulic jacking systems needs various scaffolding and
attachments to offer comfortable access for welding heights.
 No Scaffolding Required: Welding inspectors can now perform ultrasonic as well as several other
non-destructive tests on welds at ground level, it allows easier inspection for better quality control.
 Faster Erection: The shell plates are erected at ground level in place of being installed at the height
of about 30 feet or more, in order to save construction time required for the alignment of plates.
The time and manpower needed for lifting the plates to the height is amputated. Construction work

7. remains unaffected by snow or rain.
 Tank Erection Top Downwards Cuts Construction Time And Cost Considerably: New shell
plates are developed at the ground level in place of being hauled up to about 30 feet heights or
more, saving considerable time desired for alignment of plates. The cumulative time needed for
lifting of men and material to the heights that is eliminated. Tank construction work stays
practically unaffected from rain or snow, hence most work is performed under the protection of the
tank itself.
 Reduces drudgery during maintenance operations, manual power not required.
 Increases timeliness and efficiency in maintenance operations.
 Reduces the risk of getting injury in the case of malfunctioning of the device
 Hydraulic systems have large load carrying capacity.
 High efficiency with minimum friction loss keeps the cost of a power transmission at a minimum.
 Hydraulic systems are smooth and quiet in operation, vibration is kept to a minimum control.
 Handling, control of a wide range of speed and forces is easy.
 Repairing and replacement of parts is easy.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF JACKS
1. Screw Jack Or Jackscrew
 Simple Screw Jack
 Differential Screw Jack
2. Hydraulic Jack
 Bottle jack
 Floor Jack
 Strand jack
3. Pneumatic jack
 Air hydraulic jack
 Inflatable jack
4. Farm jack
1. Screw Jack
 It is a device which is used to lift heavy loads like foundation of a house and large vehicles. It
works on the principle of inclined plane.

8.  The load usually acts centrally upon it. A horizontal rotational force is applied to the lever or
handle provided at the top. This force will move the spindle upwards and hence the object will be
lifted up.
 As the force on the handle is removed the object will not come
down because of SELF-LOCKING. Self-locking means when
the rotational force on the screw is removed, it will remain
motionless where it was left and will not rotate backwards,
regardless of how much load it is supporting.
 Thus such jacks are safer than hydraulic jacks.
 The threads in a screw jack should be such which support
heavy loads with minimum friction. It is achieved by using
square or buttress threads.
 Acme threads are used to sustain high friction.
 The capacity of screw jacks is between 5kN and 2000kN.
(a) Simple Screw Jack
It consists on one spindle externally threaded. In a single start
thread, when we give one rotation to the lever, the spindle will
move upward equal to one pitch of the thread. In double start, it
will move twice the pitch.
(b) Differential Screw Jack
It consists of two spindles ‘A’ and ‘B’, ‘B’ externally threaded and ‘A’ both internally and
externally threaded. The internal threads of spindle ‘A’ meshes with internal threads of spindle B.
Spindle A is screwed to fixed base. When the lever is rotated such that spindle ‘A’ rises, spindle B
also rotates and it will come down.

9. (c) Bottle Jack (Screw Version)
The Screw Version of the bottle jack works by
turning a large nut running on the threaded vertical
ram at the neck of the body. The nut has gear teeth and
is turned by a bevel gear attached to the body, the
bevel gear being turned manually by a jack handle
fitting into a square socket. The ram may have a
second screwed ram within it, which doubles the
lifting range telescopically.
2. Hydraulic Jack
1. A mechanical lifting device incorporating an
external lever to which force is applied to cause a
small internal piston to pressurize the fluid,
usually oil, in a chamber. The pressure exerts force
on a larger piston, causing it to move vertically
upward and raise the bearing plate above it.
2. A hydraulic jack uses a liquid, which is
incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder by a
pump plunger. Oil is used since it is self-
lubricating and stable. When the plunger pulls
back, it draws oil out of the reservoir through a
suction check valve into the pump chamber. When
the plunger moves forward, it pushes the oil through a discharge check valve into the cylinder.
The suction valve ball is within the chamber and opens with each draw of the plunger. The
discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and opens when the oil is pushed into the cylinder.
At this point the suction ball within the chamber is forced shut and oil pressure builds in the
cylinder.
(a) Floor Jack [1]:
 In a floor jack ('Trolley Jack') a horizontal piston pushes on the
short end of a bell crank, with the long arm providing the vertical
motion to a lifting pad, kept horizontal with a horizontal linkage.
 Floor jacks usually include castors and wheels, allowing
compensation for the arc taken by the lifting pad. This mechanism
provides a low profile when collapsed, for easy maneuvering
underneath the vehicle, while allowing considerable extension.

10. (b) Bottle jack (Hydraulic version) [1]:
 A bottle jack or whiskey jack is a jack which resembles a bottle in shape, having a cylindrical
body and a neck. Within is a vertical lifting ram with a support pad of some kind fixed to the top.
 The jack may be Hydraulic or work by Screw Action.
 In the Hydraulic Version the hydraulic ram emerges
from the body vertically by hydraulic pressure provided
by a pump either on the baseplate or at a remote location
via a pressure hose.
 With a single action piston the lift range is somewhat
limited, so its use for lifting vehicles is limited to those
with a relatively high clearance.
 For lifting structures such as houses the Hydraulic
Interconnection of multiple vertical jacks through valves
enables the even distribution of forces while enabling
close control of the lift.
 Bottle jacks have a capacity of up to 50 tons and may be
used to lift a variety of objects.
 Typical Uses include the repair of automobiles and house foundations. Larger, heavy-duty
models may be known as a Barrel Jack.
 This type of jack is Best Used for short vertical lifts.
 Blocks may be used to repeat the operation when a greater amount of elevation is required.
(c) Strand Jack [1]:
 A strand jack is a specialized hydraulic jack that grips steel cables; often used in concert, strand
jacks can lift hundreds of tons and are used in engineering and construction.
3. Pneumatic Jack
 Pneumatic jacks employ Compressed Air to transfer forces for
the purpose of lifting, pushing or moving heavy machinery or
material.
 Pneumatic power turns electric power into mechanical power with
the help of compressed air.
 Pneumatic systems are easy to use and are economical because
ordinary air is primarily used which is easily available.

11. (a) Air hydraulic jack:
 An air hydraulic jack is a hydraulic jack that is actuated by
compressed air - for example, air from a compressor - instead
of human work. This eliminates the need for the user to actuate
the hydraulic mechanism, saving effort and potentially
increasing speed.
 Sometimes, such jacks are also able to be operated by the
normal hydraulic actuation method, thereby retaining
functionality, even if a source of compressed air is not
available.
(b) Inflatable jack [1]:
 An inflatable jack, lifting bag, or pneumatic lifting bag is an air bag that
is inflated by compressed air (without a hydraulic component) in order to
lift objects. The bag can be deflated to be reused later.
 The objects can be of a smaller load such as an automobile or it can be a
larger object such as an airplane.
4. Farm Jack
 The farm jack is also known as a Hi-Lift Jack or railroad jack.
 It consists of a steel beam with a series of equally spaced holes
along its length, and a hand operated mechanism which can be
moved from one end of the beam to the other through the use of a
pair of climbing pins.
 Typical sizes for the farm jack are 4 feet (1.2 m), 5 feet (1.5 m)and
6 feet (1.8 m) referring to the length of the beam.
DIFFERENT PARTS OF HYDRAULIC JACK
All hydraulic jacks consist of at least six main components, according to Hydraulic Jacks.
The main components of hydraulic jacks include
1. A RESERVOIR to hold hydraulic fluid.
2. A PUMP that draws fluid from the reservoir on it's up, suction or intake stroke then creates pressure
on it's down/power stroke pushing the fluid through a...
3. CHECK VALVE which after allowing fluid to pass from the reservoir to the pump now 'checks' off
the return port to the reservoir and directs the pressurized fluid to the...
4. MAIN CYLINDER where the...
5. RAM OR PISTON is forced out or upwards as the main cylinder fills with pressurized fluid.
6. After the jack has done its job and it is time to release the pressure allowing the ram piston to return
back into the main cylinder THE RELEASE VALVE is opened and the fluid is ported back into the
reservoir so the jacking cycle can be repeated.
1. Reservoir [6]:
 All hydraulic systems have a reservoir.

12.  A reservoir is similar to an accumulator, except that the fluid pressure is constant over all fluid
levels.
 A reservoir performs several functions.
 First and foremost, the reservoir holds fluid not required
by the system under any given operating condition and
accounts for fluid capacity needs over time in the
system.
 Fluid volume needs will vary during different
operational scenarios, such as gear extension. Secondly,
the reservoir provides for thermal expansion of the fluid
over the operational temperature range of the system.
 Thirdly, the reservoir provides fluid to the inlet side of
the hydraulic pump.
 Reservoir pressurization levels are a critical aspect of
reservoir installations.
2. Pump: [1]
 Hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic drive
systems and can be hydrostatic or hydrodynamic.
 A hydraulic pump is a mechanical source of power that converts mechanical power into hydraulic
energy (hydrostatic energy i.e. flow, pressure).
 It generates flow with enough power to overcome pressure induced by the load at the pump
outlet. When a hydraulic pump operates, it creates a vacuum at the pump inlet, which forces
liquid from the reservoir into the inlet line to the pump and by mechanical action delivers this
liquid to the pump outlet and forces it into the hydraulic system.
 Hydrostatic pumps are positive displacement pumps while
hydrodynamic pumps can be fixed displacement pumps, in
which the displacement (flow through the pump per rotation
of the pump) cannot be adjusted, or variable displacement
pumps, which have a more complicated construction that
allows the displacement to be adjusted.
 Hydrodynamic pump which are of various types works on
the principle of Pascal's law. It states that the increase in
pressure at one point of the enclosed liquid in equilibrium of
rest is transmitted equally to all other points of the liquid,
unless the effect of gravity is neglected (in case of statics).
3. Check valve [7]:
 A passage connecting between the oil reservoir and the pump has a check valve for preventing a
reverse flow through this passage, that is, a flow of oil from the pump to the reservoir.
 A passage from the pump to the cylinder is provided with a check valve to prevent a reverse flow
there through, that is, flow of oil from the cylinder to the pump.
 These check valves are provided directly in a casting of the hydraulic jack, thus requiring
considerable small machine work thereon.
 This tends to increase the cost of the jack and places the check valves in inaccessible positions so
that the jack must be entirely disassembled to get at these valves.

13. 4. Cylinder [8]:
 All cylinders are used for lifting of heavy loads, plus all cylinders can be used horizontally for
pushing. In addition to these functions, "hollow" (also called "center hole") jacks can be used for
pulling. And "Lock nut" jacks can be used for long periods (days and
months) of load holding.
 Lock Nut (also called "Locking Collar") these hydraulic cylinders are used
for lifting & holding load over extended period of time. The plunger has a
locking collar (nut) for mechanical securing of load when extended period
of non-hydraulic support are required meaning the plunger is threaded and
has a nut. Once you lift the plunger out of the cylinder, you can screw down the "locking" nut
which will permanently hold the load without creeping.
 Hollow (also called "Center Hole") In addition to general purpose lifting
or horizontal pushing, the hollow cylinder is used for pulling. The jack has
a center hole that runs from the top of the ram through the bottom which
can be used to pull a chain or rope through the center hole to tug, pull and
create tension. This is used, for example, to tighten the wire ropes on
suspended bridges.
 Standard (also called "General Purpose"). These hydraulic cylinders are
used for versatile lifting & pushing.
 Low Profile these hydraulic cylinders are used for lifting under low
clearance. Low profile cylinders include "flat" jacks and "pancake" jacks. A
jack labelled "low profile" has the same shape as a standard cylinder; it is
just shorter. A jack labelled "flat" jack has more of an oval shape and
a "pancake" jack has a standard cylindrical shape but with a larger
diameter making look more like a pancake. Usually the flat jacks and
the pancake jacks have the lowest overall height as low as 1.28 in
consequently these are also referred to as "Ultra-low profile" jacks.
 Regular size cylinders are tall & thin. While Low profile cylinders are
short & stubby
 Steel is tougher against fatigue. It is employed under toughest working
conditions. Aluminum is more lightweight and its non-corrosive body
holds up better to weather. It is not for use under constant motion (for
example in production) and under constant use wears sooner. So
aluminum cylinders are easy to carry.
 Single acting hydraulic cylinders are the simplest form of hydraulic cylinder which is used for
pulling, lifting, moving and holding the load. It will have one port i.e. cap end port and will be
operated hydraulically in one direction only.

14.  Double acting hydraulic cylinders is also one type of hydraulic cylinder which is used for
pulling, lifting, moving and holding the load. It will have two ports i.e. cap end port and rod end
port and will be operated in both direction i.e. forward direction and return direction.
 Differential hydraulic cylinders will have a piston within its cylindrical housing. Area of piston,
where hydraulic pressure force will be applied by pressurized hydraulic fluid, will not be equal at
both ends.
 In this cylinder at cap end side there will be complete piston area where pressure force will be
applied by the pressurized hydraulic fluid. While at rod end side, hydraulic pressure force will be
applied over annular area of piston.
5. Ram/Piston [9]:
 The plunger is the part of the jack that rises out of the housing (cylinder body). The plunger is
also referred to as a "Piston" or "Ram".
 The "stroke" means how high the jack is able to lift from the retracted position. The "stroke"
it is the height difference between a retracted and extended jack.
 Stroke completely depends upon the working system as well as the ram design.
 Cylinders of Hydraulic jacks which uses the piston/ram on cylinder are known as Ram type
Hydraulic cylinders.

15.  Ram type of hydraulic cylinder is considered as simplest type of hydraulic actuator. A ram
type of hydraulic cylinder will have a piston within its cylindrical housing. Cross sectional
area of piston rod will be more than ½ of cross-section area of piston head. There are other
design variations in ram type of hydraulic cylinder, where cross sectional area of piston rod
and piston head will be similar.
 Types of ram type of hydraulic actuators:
1. Single acting ram-type of hydraulic cylinder
2. Double acting ram-type of hydraulic cylinder
3. Telescopic ram type hydraulic cylinder
1. Such type of actuator will have one port i.e. cap
end port and will be operated hydraulically in one
direction only.
2. Such type of actuators will have two ports i.e. cap end port and rod end port and will be
operated hydraulically in both direction i.e. forward direction and return direction.
3. Such type of hydraulic cylinders are used when long forward stroke is needed from a compact
package. Compact package means space restrictions in the mounting of a cylinder.
6. Release valve [10]:
 The release valve is located on the power unit that you pumped the jack up with. It
will need to use the other side of the handle that is used to jack the car up and fit it
over the release and twist the handle counter-clockwise to release the pressure from
the power unit.
 Be cautious when releasing the valve as they can release quickly and the car will drop
abruptly. Small twist should be taken at a time, and let it come down gradually.

16. 7. Base Plate (11):
 These parts allow for hydraulic cylinders to be mounted securely to various platforms. Jacks
can be mounted to floors, beams or frames according to the needs of the operator. They can
also provide a wider base when a jack is simply resting on the ground, providing greater
safety during use of the jack.
 Base plate material-gray cast iron asm60(12)
 Material selection for housing because housings are intricate shaped, they are mostly
cast.
o It has good cast ability & machinability
o Corrosion resistance
o Good wear resistance (b/c it is impregnated with graphite)
Specifications (16):
 The universal base plate for bottle jacks fits most jacks up to 20 tons.
 Jacks are easily attached to the plate with clamps and wing nuts using a generous number of
mounting options.
 Just by adding the base plate, the jack is 2X-3X more stable on any surface because the base
is now wider and the foot print is up to 4X larger reducing the ground pressure to 25% of the
jack alone.
 This is very important if you’re using the jack on anything but a flat hard surface. Best of all
the base plate snaps into the “Big Foot” base plate which increases stability 3X-4X and gives
you up to 8X the support area.
 Plate is 6X8 inches. Hardware and clamps are included.
8. Hose pipe (13):
 Hydraulic Hose Pipes is being used for Hydraulics, Air, Gasoline, Crude, Fuel and
Lubricating Oils etc.
 These Hydraulic Hose Pipes is being constructed from Oil Resistant synthetic rubber inner
tube, steel wire / textile braid reinforcement and an oil and weather resistant synthetic rubber
outer cover.

17.  Hose specifications(14):
 Power-track International's Thermoplastic Hoses are built out of polyester elastomer tubing,
reinforced with wire and aramid fibers, and covered in polyurethane. The Thermoplastic
Hoses operating temperature is -40° to 212° F. The maximum water based fluid temperature
is 158°F. The suggested fittings for the Thermoplastic Hoses are NPT, British or Metric.
Part
Number
Size
Inside
Diameter
Outside
Diameter
Bend
Radius
Working
Pressure
Weight per
Foot
T1040-04 4" .250" .540" 1.5" 10,000 psi 0.15
T1040-
04NC*
4" .250" .570" 1.5" 10,000 psi 0.11
T1040-06 6" .375" .740" 3.75" 10,000 psi 0.24
 Power-track's Rubber Hose is built out of synthetic, oil resistant rubber; reinforced with two
high tensile steel wire braids; and covered in synthetic rubber. The suggested fittings are
either a 1/4" or 3/8" Male NPT. The Rubber Hose's operating temperature is -40° ton 122° F.
Part
Number Size
Inside
Diameter
Outside
Diameter
Bend
Radius
Working
Pressure
Minimum
Burst
Pressure
HJack-04 4" .250" .583" 4.0" 10,000 psi 20,000 psi
HJack-06 6" .375" .740" 5.0" 10,000 psi 20,000 psi

18. 9. Gland Fitting (15):
 A cable gland (in the U.S. more often known as a cable connector or fitting) is a device
designed to attach and secure the end of an electrical cable to the equipment.
 A cable gland provides strain-relief and connects by a means suitable for the type and
description of cable for which it is designed—including provision for making electrical
connection to the armour or braid and lead or aluminium sheath of the cable, if any.
 Cable glands may also be used for sealing cables passing through bulkheads or gland plates.
 Cable glands are mechanical cable entry devices. They are used throughout a number of
industries in conjunction with cable and wiring used in electrical instrumentation and
automation systems. Cable glands may be used on all types of electrical power, control,
instrumentation, data and telecommunications cables.

 They are used as a sealing and termination device to ensure that the characteristics of the
enclosure which the cable enters can be maintained adequately. Cable glands are made of
various plastics, steel, brass or aluminum.
 Glands intended to resist dripping water or water pressure will include synthetic rubber or other
types of elastomer seals. Certain types of cable glands may also serve to prevent entry of
flammable gas into equipment enclosures, for electrical equipment in hazardous areas.

19.  There are at least three types of thread standard used:
o Panzergewinde (PG standard)
o Metric thread
o National Pipe Thread (inch system)
DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC JACK:
The design of hydraulic jack is made on AUTO CAD based upon the following dimensions as
Parts Length (mm) Inner diameter (mm) Outer diameter (mm)
Ram Cylinder 221 70 88
Ram 198 70 ---------
Reservoir 217 120 128
Plunger 136 9 --------
Plunger Cylinder 130 9 20
Distance the larger piston moves:
D2=F1*D1/F2
Where,
F1 = force of the small piston, in pounds
D1 = distance the small piston moves, in inches
D2 = distance the larger piston moves, in inches
F2 = force of the larger piston, in pounds
The definition of fluid pressure is a force per unit area, or in equation form,
P = F / A

20. Where,
P = pressure
F = force and
A = area
TO FIND INNER DIAMETER OF CYLINDER TUBE:-
P
Where,
P = total pressure
D = Inner diameter
p = working pressure
TO FIND OUTER DIAMETER OF
CYLINDER TUBE:-
We have already an equation
Where,
= working stress
P = working pressure
= outer diameter of cylinder tube
= inner diameter of cylinder tube

21. THICKNESS OF THE CYLINDER TUBE:-
Tube thickness =
DESIGN OF PISTON
We know that cylinder’s inner diameter is equal to piston’s outer diameter so piston
outer diameter is 60mm. Generally pistons are made from MILD STEEL & SUITABLE Material.
DESIGN OF PISTON ROD
Material strength EN9 = 1750 kg/cm2
Model:
This model was designed on the Auto Cad according to the proper defined dimensions based
upon our requirements for the lifting of different load.
Isometric View
Here, we have different views of these model i.e. Front , Top and Side.

22. Front View
Top View
Side View

23. 2-D Wire Frame:
Schematic View of Hydraulic Jack:-
Below is the Simulink Diagram of the Model presented as above. This is the diagram made on
the MATLAB software using certain tools. Point C is the single point Hinge support and the Liver
is attached to it at the point C while attaching the Plunger at the point B. The liver is applied effort to
lift the Load of certain weight. We have connected the whole system through valves as shown below:-
General View of Hydraulic Jack

24. DESIGN CALCULATION FOR HYDRAULIC JACK:
Here, we have the following calculations based upon our design of Hydraulic Jack. The procedure we
adopted is given as below in an example as:-
The weight to be lifted is 100 kg or 1000N.
Let us find out the effort required by the human.
Formula:
𝐹 = 𝑃 ∗ 𝐴
Putting values:
1000 = 𝑃 ∗𝜋/4∗ (70 ∗ 10-3
)2
𝑃 = 1000 ∗4/𝜋∗ (70 ∗ 10-3
)-2
P = 259.844 x 103
N/M2
Force required at the working piston:
F = P x A
= 509.29 ∗ 103
∗𝜋/4∗ (9 ∗ 10-3
)2
F= 165.305N =16.5305kg
Therefore, the force to be applied at the working piston is 90N, which is 10 times lesser than the
weight to be lifted.
Moreover, based upon our calculations we have the following results which were performed on MAT
LAB and then listed down in the table below;
Lifted Load Applied Effort
100 1.6525
500 8.2649
1000 16.5305
1500 24.7964
2000 33.0616
3000 49.5928
5000 82.6535

25. And then, based upon our calculations, a graph was plotted between applied load and load to be lifted.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
AppliedLoad
Lifted Load
Graph b/w Applied and Lifted load

26. CONCLUSION
An inbuilt Hydraulic Jack can be used in many industries for the power transmission
and load lifting purposes. For lifting up the vehicle, the Hydraulic Jack is positioned its centre. The
system operates on the hydraulic power. For lifting a car of 500kg or a load of 5000N we have to
apply a force of 82.6534N is applied which is quiet less than the weight to be lifted.
An inbuilt hydraulic jack system can be easily attached to all currently manufacture
automobile chassis. There is a front suspension hydraulic jack that is mounted externally to the front
suspension of an automobile between its front wheels. There is also a rear delay hydraulic jack that is
mounted externally to the rear suspension of the automobile between its wheels. The system operates
on the hydraulic power. This arrangement has many advantages such as maintenance and servicing of
vehicle. It reduce the security tension and easy to implement. Quick lifting is possible and Suitable for
heavy load for about 100 kg or 1000N. The force to be applied at the working piston is 10 times lesser
than the weight to be lifted. With the help of this system the driving of vehicles will be easy.
Arrangement is also very useful for heavy loading vehicles and a single person can go on a long drive.

27. REFERENCES:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device)#Bottle_jack
2. http://www.allsubjects4you.com/screw-jack.htm
3. https://www.trenchlesspedia.com/definition/3464/pneumatic-jack
4. http://www.dictionaryofconstruction.com/definition/hydraulic-jack.html
5. http://www.hyjacks.com/H7.HTM
6. http://www.daerospace.com/HydraulicSystems/ReservoirDesc.php
7. https://www.google.com/patents/US1610499
8. http://cylinderjacks.com/education/cylinder-types-specifications-terminology.html
9. http://www.hkdivedi.com/2016/05/ram-type-hydraulic-cylinder.html
10. https://www.shopyourway.com/questions/1230557
11. http://www.metrohydraulic.com/hydraulic-jack-parts/
12. https://goo.gl/YK75VL
13. https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/hydraulic-hose-pipes-3730474455.html
14. http://powertrackhose.com/HydraulicJackHose.htm
15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_gland
16. https://safejacks.com/products/bmi-base-plate-assembly