Unit 6- spur gears, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
ME010 801 Design of Transmission Elements
(Common with AU010 801)
Teaching scheme Credits: 4
2 hours lecture, 2 hour tutorial and 1 hour drawing per week
Objectives
To provide basic design skill with regard to various transmission elements like clutches, brakes, bearings and
gears.
Module I (20 Hrs)
Clutches - friction clutches- design considerations-multiple disc clutches-cone clutch- centrifugal clutch -
Brakes- Block brake- band brake- band and block brake-internal expanding shoe brake.
Module II (17 Hrs)
Design of bearings - Types - Selection of a bearing type - bearing life - Rolling contact bearings - static
and dynamic load capacity - axial and radial loads - selection of bearings - dynamic equivalent load -
lubrication and lubricants - viscosity - Journal bearings - hydrodynamic theory - design considerations -
heat balance - bearing characteristic number - hydrostatic bearings.
Module III (19 Hrs)
Gears- classification- Gear nomenclature - Tooth profiles - Materials of gears - design of spur, helical,
bevel gears and worm & worm wheel - Law of gearing - virtual or formative number of teeth- gear tooth
failures- Beam strength - Lewis equation- Buckingham’s equation for dynamic load- wear loadendurance strength of tooth- surface durability- heat dissipation - lubrication of gears - Merits and
demerits of each type of gears.
Module IV (16 Hrs)
Design of Internal Combustion Engine parts- Piston, Cylinder, Connecting rod, Flywheel
Design recommendations for Forgings- castings and welded products- rolled sections- turned parts,
screw machined products- Parts produced on milling machines. Design for manufacturing - preparation
of working drawings - working drawings for manufacture of parts with complete specifications including
manufacturing details.
Note: Any one of the following data book is permitted for reference in the final University examination:
1. Machine Design Data hand book by K. Lingaiah, Suma Publishers, Bangalore/ Tata Mc Graw Hill
2. PSG Design Data, DPV Printers, Coimbatore.
Text Books
1. C.S,Sarma, Kamlesh Purohit, Design of Machine Elements Prentice Hall of India Ltd NewDelhi
2. V.B.Bhandari, Design of Machine Elements McGraw Hill Book Company
3. M. F. Spotts, T. E. Shoup, Design of Machine Elements, Pearson Education.
Reference Books
1. J. E. Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design, McGraw Hill Book Company.
2. Juvinall R.C & Marshek K.M., Fundamentals of Machine Component Design, John Wiley
3. Doughtie V.L., & Vallance A.V., Design of Machine Elements, McGraw Hill Book Company.
4. Siegel, Maleev & Hartman, Mechanical Design of Machines, International Book Company
Design procedure for Cast iron pulley, Flat belt drive, V belt drive, Chain d...Dr.S.Thirumalvalavan
Title: UNIT-I; Design Procedure of Cast iron pulley, Flat belt drive, V belt drive, Chain drive & Wire ropes.
Subject Name: ME8651 - Design of Transmission Systems (DTS) B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Third Year, VI Semester
[Anna University R-2017]
Unit 6- spur gears, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
ME010 801 Design of Transmission Elements
(Common with AU010 801)
Teaching scheme Credits: 4
2 hours lecture, 2 hour tutorial and 1 hour drawing per week
Objectives
To provide basic design skill with regard to various transmission elements like clutches, brakes, bearings and
gears.
Module I (20 Hrs)
Clutches - friction clutches- design considerations-multiple disc clutches-cone clutch- centrifugal clutch -
Brakes- Block brake- band brake- band and block brake-internal expanding shoe brake.
Module II (17 Hrs)
Design of bearings - Types - Selection of a bearing type - bearing life - Rolling contact bearings - static
and dynamic load capacity - axial and radial loads - selection of bearings - dynamic equivalent load -
lubrication and lubricants - viscosity - Journal bearings - hydrodynamic theory - design considerations -
heat balance - bearing characteristic number - hydrostatic bearings.
Module III (19 Hrs)
Gears- classification- Gear nomenclature - Tooth profiles - Materials of gears - design of spur, helical,
bevel gears and worm & worm wheel - Law of gearing - virtual or formative number of teeth- gear tooth
failures- Beam strength - Lewis equation- Buckingham’s equation for dynamic load- wear loadendurance strength of tooth- surface durability- heat dissipation - lubrication of gears - Merits and
demerits of each type of gears.
Module IV (16 Hrs)
Design of Internal Combustion Engine parts- Piston, Cylinder, Connecting rod, Flywheel
Design recommendations for Forgings- castings and welded products- rolled sections- turned parts,
screw machined products- Parts produced on milling machines. Design for manufacturing - preparation
of working drawings - working drawings for manufacture of parts with complete specifications including
manufacturing details.
Note: Any one of the following data book is permitted for reference in the final University examination:
1. Machine Design Data hand book by K. Lingaiah, Suma Publishers, Bangalore/ Tata Mc Graw Hill
2. PSG Design Data, DPV Printers, Coimbatore.
Text Books
1. C.S,Sarma, Kamlesh Purohit, Design of Machine Elements Prentice Hall of India Ltd NewDelhi
2. V.B.Bhandari, Design of Machine Elements McGraw Hill Book Company
3. M. F. Spotts, T. E. Shoup, Design of Machine Elements, Pearson Education.
Reference Books
1. J. E. Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design, McGraw Hill Book Company.
2. Juvinall R.C & Marshek K.M., Fundamentals of Machine Component Design, John Wiley
3. Doughtie V.L., & Vallance A.V., Design of Machine Elements, McGraw Hill Book Company.
4. Siegel, Maleev & Hartman, Mechanical Design of Machines, International Book Company
Design procedure for Cast iron pulley, Flat belt drive, V belt drive, Chain d...Dr.S.Thirumalvalavan
Title: UNIT-I; Design Procedure of Cast iron pulley, Flat belt drive, V belt drive, Chain drive & Wire ropes.
Subject Name: ME8651 - Design of Transmission Systems (DTS) B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Third Year, VI Semester
[Anna University R-2017]
Unit 7-gear trains, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
Like Comment and download
Belt is a Flexible Mechanical element that transmit power from one shaft to another
Belt is a Flexible Mechanical element that transmit power from one shaft to another
Gear Train
Ex: Automobile, engines etc.
Chain Drive
Ex : Bi-cycle , Motor cycle etc.
Belt Drive
Ex: Rice mills, sewing machine etc.
Rope Drive
Ex: lift, crane etc
Whirling of shafts occurs due to rotational imbalance of a shaft, even in the absence of external loads, which causes resonance to occur at certain speeds, known as critical speeds.
Rolling contact bearings and design procedureJashavant singh
this slide will give you idea about the rolling contact bearing , its types application areas and also you will learn how to design rolling contact bearing ,
comparison between the rolling contact and sliding contact bearing , advantage and disadvantages.
The main objective of project is to understand the working of cone
type CVT which offers a continuum of gear ratios between the fixed
desired limits . It includes the analysis of
1) Design of CVT.
2) Fabrication of CVT model.
3) Performance analysis and testing
Unit 7-gear trains, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
Like Comment and download
Belt is a Flexible Mechanical element that transmit power from one shaft to another
Belt is a Flexible Mechanical element that transmit power from one shaft to another
Gear Train
Ex: Automobile, engines etc.
Chain Drive
Ex : Bi-cycle , Motor cycle etc.
Belt Drive
Ex: Rice mills, sewing machine etc.
Rope Drive
Ex: lift, crane etc
Whirling of shafts occurs due to rotational imbalance of a shaft, even in the absence of external loads, which causes resonance to occur at certain speeds, known as critical speeds.
Rolling contact bearings and design procedureJashavant singh
this slide will give you idea about the rolling contact bearing , its types application areas and also you will learn how to design rolling contact bearing ,
comparison between the rolling contact and sliding contact bearing , advantage and disadvantages.
The main objective of project is to understand the working of cone
type CVT which offers a continuum of gear ratios between the fixed
desired limits . It includes the analysis of
1) Design of CVT.
2) Fabrication of CVT model.
3) Performance analysis and testing
Three Phase Induction Motor Design (Electrical Machine Design)MD.SAJJAD HOSSAIN
DESIGN THE MAIN DIMENSION AND ROTOR OF A 0.746KW, 400V, 3‐PHASE, 50HZ, 1432 RPM,
SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR. THE MACHINE IS TO BE STARTED BY A STAR‐DELTA STARTER. THE EFFICIENCY IS 90% AND POWER FACTOR IS 0.8 AT FULL‐LOAD.
Design:
Main Dimention
Stator(Stator Winding,Stator Core)
Rotor(Squirrel Cage Rotor)
1)Air Gap
2)Rotor Slots
3)Rotor Bars
4)End Rings
5)Rotor Core
The prototype is an idea which uses the property of an electromagnet by virtue of which it changes the polarity of its poles whenever the direction of current is changed. This variation in polarity is utilized to attract or repel the permanent magnet attached to the piston. The usage of relay and timer will limit the output of the engine. By using an ECU in the engine instead, power can be obtained on each stroke which will result in an increased output.
Machine design, machine element, Belt drives and chain drives, selection of Belt - sheave and chain - sprocket, perancangan elemen mesin, transmisi sabuk dan rantai, pemilihan sabuk-puli dan rantai-sproket
Rolling Contact Bearing, Selection of Rolling Contact Bearings, Machine Element Design, Bantalan Gelinding, Pemilihan Bantalan Gelinding, Perancangan Elemen Mesin
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
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• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
2. Problem and Solution 1
Problem:
A single reduction spur gear are given:
Gear ratio = 10 : 1;
Distance between centres = 660 mm approximately;
Pinion transmits 500 kW at 1800 r.p.m.;
Involute teeth of standard proportions (addendum = m) with
pressure angle of 22.5°;
Permissible normal pressure between teeth = 175 N per mm
of width.
Find :
1. The nearest standard module if no interference is to occur;
2. The number of teeth on each wheel;
3. The necessary width of the pinion; and
4. The load on the bearings of the wheels due to power
transmitted.
3. Problem and Solution 1
Solution:
Minimum number of teeth on the pinion in order to avoid
interference,
1sin2
11
1
2
2
GG
G
A
T w
P
Given :
G = TG / TP = DG / DP = 10
L = 660 mm
P = 500 kW = 500 × 103 W
NP = 1800 r.p.m.
φ = 22.5°
WN = 175 N/mm width
4. Problem and Solution 1
Minimum number of teeth on the pinion and on gear
15.22sin2
10
1
10
1
110
12
2
(min)
x
TP
143.13(min) PT
PG GxTT (min)
1401410(min) xTG
5. Problem and Solution 1
Standard value of the module
(min)P
P
T
D
m
22
PG DD
L
2
10
2
PG DD
L
We know that
PDL 5.5
5.5
L
DP
mmDP 120
5.5
660
57.8
14
120
m
Since the nearest
standard value of
the module is 8 mm,
therefore we shall
take
m = 8 mm
6. Problem and Solution 1
Actual number of teeth
m
D
T P
P
8
120
PT
xGTT PG
Number of teeth on the
pinion
Number of teeth on the
gear
1015xTG
15PT
150GT
7. Problem and Solution 1
Width of the pinion
Tangential load (WT)
xCs
v
P
WT
1
60
1800)12.0(
10500 3
x
x
x
WT
(Assume Cs = 1)
44209TW N
cos
T
N
W
W
0
5.22cos
44209
NW
47851NW N
8. Problem and Solution 1
Since the normal pressure
between teeth is 175 N
p e r m m o f w i d t h ,
therefore necessary width
of the pinion,
175
NW
b
175
47851
b
b = 273.4 mm
Load on the bearings of
the wheels
sin.NR WW
0
5.22sin47851 xWR
18312RW N
9. PROBLEM: A gear drive is required to transmit a maximum
power of 22.5 kW. The velocity ratio is 2:1 and r.p.m. of the
pinion is 200. The approximate centre distance between the
shafts may be taken as 600 mm. The teeth has 20° stub
involute profiles. The static stress for the gear material (which
is cast iron) may be taken as 60 MPa and face width as 10 times
the module. Assuming steady load conditions and 8–10 hours
of service per day.
Find
module, face width, number of teeth on each gear.
Check the design for dynamic and wear loads. The deformation
or dynamic factor in the Buckingham equation may be taken as
80 and the material combination factor for the wear as 1.4.
10. Solution:
Given :
P = 22.5 kW = 22 500 W
V.R. = DG/DP = 2
NP = 200 r.p.m.
L = 600 mm ;
σOP = σOG = 60 MPa = 60 N/mm2
b = 10 m
C = 80
K = 1.4
Cs = 1 (refer table)
11. 1. Calculate design tangential tooth load
xCs
v
P
WT
60
, PP ND
vwhere
we know length,
22
GP DD
L
where, 2
P
G
D
D
PG DD 2
2
2
2
PP DD
L
PD
2
3
600
400PD mm
60
)200)(4.0(
,
vthen
m/s2.4v
1
2.4
22500
xWT
5357TW N
12. 2. Apply the Lewis equation:
PVOPT ymbCW .....
Check Velocity factor, Cv
Since v is less than 12 m / s,
therefore velocity factor,
v
CV
3
3
2.43
3
VC
417.0VC
Check the pinion tooth factor for
20° stub involute profiles,
P
P
T
y
841.0
175.0
Check TP ==>
mm
D
T P
P
400
So....
400
841.0
175.0
m
yP
myP 0021.0175.0
13. 2. Apply the Lewis equation:
PVOPT ymbCW .....
5357 = 60 x 0.417 x 10m x π x m x (0.175 - 0.0021m)
5357 = 137.5m2 - 1.65m3
Solving this equation by hit and trial method, we find that m = 6.5
Take the nearest recommended module, m = 8 mm
Face width, b = 10m = 10 × 8 = 80 mm
Number of teeth on the pinion, TP = DP / m = 400 / 8 = 50
Number of teeth on the gear, TG = DG / m = 800 / 8 = 100
14. 3. Calculate the dynamic load (WD):
T
T
TD
WCbv
WCbv
WW
.21
).(21
535780802.421
)53578080(2.421
5357
xx
xx
WD
10631DW N
15. 4. Find the static tooth load
WS = σe.b.π m.yP
Flexural endurance limit (σe) for cast iron is 84 MPa
or 84 N/mm2
WS = 84 x 80 x π x 8 x (0.175- 0.0021 x 8)
WS = 26705 N
WS > WD ==> OK!
16. 5. Find the wear tooth load
WW = DP.b.Q.K
Check the ratio factor
1
2
VR
xVR
Q
12
22
x
Q 33.1Q==> ==>
WW = 400 x 80 x 1.33 x 1.4
WW = 59584 N
Since both WS and WW are greater than WD, therefore the design is
safe.
WW > WD ==> OK!
17. PROBLEM:
A bronze spur pinion rotating at 600 r.p.m. drives a cast iron
spur gear at a transmission ratio of 4 : 1. The allowable static
stresses for the bronze pinion and cast iron gear are 84 MPa
and 105 MPa respectively.
The pinion has 16 standard 20° full depth involute teeth of
module 8 mm. The face width of both the gears is 90 mm.
Find the power that can be transmitted from the standpoint
of strength.
18. SOLUTION:
Given:
NP = 600 r.p.m.
V.R. = TG / TP = 4
σOP = 84 MPa = 84 N / mm2
σOG = 105 MPa = 105 N/mm2
TP = 16
m = 8 mm
b = 90 mm
Cs = 1 (assume)
19. 1. Calculate design tangential tooth load
xCs
v
P
WT
60
,Check PP ND
v
we know,
DP = m x TP
DP = 8 x 16
DP = 128 mm
60
600821.0
,Then
xx
v
20.4v m/s
S
T
C
vW
P
.
so,
20. 2. Apply the Lewis equation:
ymbCW VOT .....
Check Velocity factor, Cv
Since v is less than 12.5 m / s,
therefore velocity factor,
v
CV
3
3
02.43
3
VC
724.0VC
Check the pinion tooth factor for
20° full depth involute teeth,
P
P
T
y
291.0
154.0
16
291.0
154.0 Py
097.0Py
Tangential load on the pinion
PVOPPT ymbCW .....)(
097.0890724.084)( xxxxxW PT
7870)( PTW N
21. 2. Apply the Lewis equation: ymbCW VOT .....
Check the gear tooth factor for
20° full depth involute teeth,
G
G
T
y
291.0
154.0
P
G
TVR
y
.
291.0
154.0
164
291.0
154.0
x
yG
14.0Gy
Tangential load on the gear:
GVOGGT ymbCW .....)(
14.0890724.0105)( xxxxxW GT
14198)( GTW N
Since WT(P) is less than WT(G)
therefore the pinion is weaker.
22. 3. Power that can be transmitted
S
T
C
vW
P
.
1
20.47870 x
P
31637P W
23. 1. A 15 kW and 1200 r.p.m. motor drives a compressor at 300
r.p.m. through a pair of spur gears having 20° stub teeth. The
centre to centre distance between the shafts is 400 mm. The
motor pinion is made of forged steel having an allowable
static stress as 210 MPa, while the gear is made of cast steel
having allowable static stress as 140 MPa. Assuming that the
drive operates 8 to 10 hours per day under light shock
conditions.
Find from the standpoint of strength: module; face width and
number of teeth and pitch circle diameter of each gear.
Check the gears thus designed from the consideration of wear.
The surface endurance limit may be taken as 700 MPa.
24. 2. A two stage reduction drive is to be designed to transmit 2
kW; the input speed being 960 r.p.m. and overall reduction
ratio being 9. The drive consists of straight tooth spur gears
only, the shafts being spaced 200 mm apart, the input and
output shafts being co-axial.
a) Draw a layout of a suitable system to meet the above
specifications, indicating the speeds of all rotating
components.
b) Calculate the module, pitch diameter, number of teeth,
blank diameter and face width of the gears for medium
heavy duty conditions, the gears being of medium grades
of accuracy.
c) Draw to scale one of the gears and specify on the drawing
the calculated dimensions and other data complete in
every respect for manufacturing purposes.