Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals are formed from vegetative organs like roots, stems, and leaves. There are two types of vegetative reproduction - natural, which occurs through modified roots, stems, and leaves; and artificial, where humans interfere to propagate plants through methods like layering, grafting, and tissue culture. Vegetative reproduction allows for the large scale, rapid production of identical new plants that inherit the parent's characteristics.

1. Vegetative reproduction
in angiosperm
Dambar Singh Khatri

2. Meaning of reproduction
• The process of production of new individuals similar in form to the parent
organisms is called reproduction. There are two types of reproduction:
• Asexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction

3. Asexual reproduction
• It is produced by a single organism without production of gametes.
• It is also defined as the production of offspring from a single organism
without the fusion of gametes.
• Asexual reproduction in angiospermic plants occurs by various modes of
vegetative growth.
• So, it is popularly known as vegetative reproduction.

4. Vegetative reproduction
• It is a form of asexual reproduction in which new individuals are formed
from vegetative organs such as roots, stems and leaves.
• Vegetative propagation in angiospermic plants take place by two methods;
• Natural vegetative propagation.
• Artificial vegetative propagation.

5. • a. Vegetative propagation by roots:
• Modified tuberous roots of some plants such as sweet potato, Dahlia,
Asparagus take part in it. These tuberous roots develop several buds.
Dahlia Asparagus

6. • b. Vegetative propagation by stem:
• Underground stems of some plants bear buds and serve for vegetative
propagation which are as follows;
• Stem tuber - potato
• Rhizome - ginger
• Bulb - onion
• Corm – colocasia

7. Vegetative propagation by leaves
• In some plants like Bryophyllum, walking fern adventitious buds develop on
the leaves. Falling on the suitable soil, the buds sprout and form new plants.
These buds grow and form new plants.
• Bulbils are modified fleshy buds developed from the axile of a leaf.

8. Artificial vegetative propagation:
• In the artificial method, vegetative parts of the plant are made to produce
new individuals by the interference of human beings.
• This is one of the most common methods used for propagating plants such
as rose, jasmine, grape vine, lemon, rhododendrons.
• Layering is the development of roots on a stem while it is still attached to the
parent plant. The stem or branch that develops adventitious roots while still
attached to the parent plant is called a layer.

9. Layering
Air layering(Gootee) Ground layering

10. Grafting
• It is generally practiced in plants which do not root easily or have a weak root
system. It is an art of joining parts of two plants of the same or allied species in
such a way as to bring about an organic union or fusion of the tissues. This
method is practiced in mango, apple, pear, citrus, guava, rose and rubber plant.
• In this process, a detached part of one plant is inserted into the stem or root
system of another plant.
• The former is called scion (short piece of detached shoot containing several
dormant buds) and the latter stock (longer portion of the plant which is fixed to
the soil by its root system). The scion is generally taken from the plant having
superior characters.

11. Grafting

12. Advantages of Vegetative Propagation
• Many individuals may be produced from a single plant.
• Useful characters of two different individuals can also be combined by grafting.
• The plants raised through vegetative methods attain maturity within a short time.
• It is an easier, quicker and less expensive method of propagation.
• Tissue culture is used for producing disease free plants and rapid clonal
propagation.
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