The document discusses chromosomal mutations, categorizing them into changes in chromosomal structure and number. Structural changes include duplication, deletions, inversions, and translocations, while changes in number include euploidy (like monoploidy and polyploidy) and aneuploidy (such as monosomy, nullisomy, trisomy, tetrasomy, and double trisomy). Each type of mutation impacts the genetic makeup of organisms in distinct ways.

1. Chromosomal mutation
Dambar Singh Khatri

2. Chromosomal mutation
• It takes place by two types
• Change in chromosomal structure
• Change in chromosomal number

3. Change in chromosomal structure
• Duplication
• Deletions
• Inversions
• Translocations

4. Change in Chromosome number and sets
• A.Euploidy
• Monoploidy(haploidy)- loss of complete one set of chromosome from diploid cell.
• Polyploidy- multiple set of chromosome.
• B. Aneuploidy
• Monosomy- loss of single chromosome from diploid set. 2n-1
• Nullisomy- loss of a pair of chromosome.2n-2
• Trisomy- a single chromosome added to chromosome set.2n+1
• Tetrasomy- diploid organism having two extra chromosome.2n+2
• Double trisomy- two different chromosome consists of trisomy condition.2n+1+1