This document discusses plant propagation techniques for orchard crops. It defines plant propagation as the art and science of multiplying plants through sexual or asexual means. The two main types of propagation are sexual propagation using seeds, and asexual propagation methods like cuttings, budding, grafting, layering, and separation/division of specialized structures. Several specific asexual propagation techniques are described in detail such as stem cuttings, budding methods, grafting styles, and types of layering.

1. MANGALAYATAN UNIVERSITY, JABALPUR
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
‘Plant Propagation Technique of orchard
crops ’
Presented by:
Dr. Sunil Prajapati
Assistant Professor (Agriculture)

2. PLANT PROPAGATION
“The art and science of multiplying plants by sexual or
asexual means.”
TYPES OF PROPAGATION
o Sexual
o Asexual
(A).SEXUAL PROPAGATION
o By Seeds
o Male and female gamete fused
o Meiosis division take place
o Chromosome numbers reduced to half

3. Advantages of Sexual propagation
o Simple and easy
o Create diversity
o Long life cycle
o Express tolerance against stress
o Rootstock preparation
o e.i. Papaya and Coconut
Disadvantages of Sexual propagation
o Not true to type
o Plant possess long juvenile phase
o Plant are heighted and gigantic in nature
o Obtain inferior quality yield
o Parental disease transmission

4. Disadvantages of Asexual propagation
 Short life
 Lessen diversity
 Disease transmission e.i. citrus tristeza
(B). Asexual Propagation
o Cuttings
o Budding
o Grafting
o Inarching
o Layering
o Specialized structures
o Micro propagation

6. Cuttings
o Stem cutting
o Root cutting
o Leaf cutting
Stem cutting:-
1. Hard wood cutting
o 1 yr old
o Slant cut up side
o 10-15 cm long shoot
o Grape, fig, pomegranate, roses,
bougainvillea, Durante gold

7. 2. Semi-hard wood cutting
o 4 -9 month old shoot
o 7-20 cm long shoot
o 500 ppm IBA hormone
o Mango, Jackfruit, lemon, Aonla

8. 3. Soft wood cutting
o 2-3 month old shoot
o Practice under mist chamber
o 10-15 cm shoot length
o Apple, Peach, Guava

9. 4. Herbaceous cutting
o Mostly in ornamental plants
o Coleus, Alternantheria spp.

10. Root cutting:-
o 2-3 cm thickness shoot
o 10-15 cm length
o Practiced in rainy season
o i.e. Apple, pear, guava, bael.
Leaf cutting:-
o Applicable in ornamental plants
o Begonia, bryophyllum, sansevieria, crassula ,

11. Budding
The process of connecting scion which is a bud
and rootstock in a manner such that they may
unite and grow successfully as one plant is term
as budding.
o Active bud
o Active sap flow
o Rootstock 1-2 yr old
Bud(Scion) Rootstock

12. Shield budding-
o Boat shape/T-shaped (2.5-3 cm length )
o Incision on internodes
o Wrap with 300 gauge poly
o rose ,apple pear, peaches, apricot,
cherry, sweet orange,

13. Patch budding-
o Thick barked plant
o Incision square or rectangular shape cut and bud
o Jackfruit, aonla , mango, jamun, chestnut, etc.,

14. Chip budding-
o Applicable if lack of sap flow (summer)
o Taken bud along with wood
o i.e. Apple, pear, grapes

15. Ring budding-
o Ring shape bark containing bud is taken
out
o No wrapping is required
o Ber, peach, morus
Modified ring budding-
o A vertical cut on scion
o Guava ,ber, walnut, and pecan nut

16. Forkert budding-
o The vertical flap of bark is left intact with lower
portion of rootstock.
o The flap of bark removed after unite.
o Mango, jackfruit, cashew nut.
Modified Forkert budding-
o The flap of bark still attached after unite
o Mango, jackfruit, cashew nut

17. Grafting
Grafting is a technique
of propagation in which
scion stick and rootstock
is connected in a
manner such that they
may unite and
subsequently grow and
develop as successful
plants.

18. Veneer grafting
o Shoot as scion 10-15 cm long
o V-shaped incision at lower portion
o Defoliated before 10-15 days
o Unite in 3-4 weeks
o Mango, jackfruit, cashew nut

19. Whip grafting
o Scion-stock and rootstock with same thickness
o Walnut, apple, pear
Tongue grafting
o Modification of whip
o Apple, pear and walnut

20. Cleft grafting
o Oldest tech of top working
o Suitable for straight giant
wood plant
o Top working tree is about 2-10 cm
thickness
o Waxed the scion stock
o Mango, grape
Wedge grafting
o Also used for top working of old tree
o V wedge shaped incision of 5 cm
o Mango, grape

21. Bridge grafting
o Useful in repairing damage
collar region of plant
o Apple, pear, cherry, walnut
Epicotyls /stone grafting
oSeedling prepared
oCoppery leaf stage
oMango

22. Bark grafting
- Ber, guava, apple

23. Inarching
It is also called as attached
method of grafting. In
contrast to other method, in
this method the scion is
detached after completion of
union.
e.i. Mango, jackfruit, sapota,
loquat, custard apple.

24. Layering
It is a technique of propagation in which a portion
of plant is forced to produce adventitious root
while it still remain attached to mother plant.
In this process, a single portion of plant constitute
root and shoot.
Upon emergence of roots the shoots is separated
from mother plants, survived in nursery for some
time and then planted in the field.

25. Types of Layering
1. Simple layering
o 1 yr old shoot
o 4-5 months root remerged out
o Guava,
2. Serpentine/Compound layering
o 2.5-4 cm bark removed

26. 3. Mound/ Stooling layering
o Apple, guava, pear
4. Trench layering
woody species

27. 5. Tip layering
o Blackberries and raspberries
6. Air layering
o Guava, citrus, litchi, jackfruit cashew nut, ficus,
crotons

29. Natural modification of Layering
1. Runners
o Raspberry, blackberry
2. Suckers
o Suckers is shoot, developed by adventious bud on
roots.
o Raspberry , blackberry ,

30. 3.Stolon
o It is modified stem
o Mint, Bermuda grass
4. Offshoots
o Date palm,
pineapple,
banana

31. Separation and Division
1. Bulb
o Underground storage organ
o Onion, garlic, tulip
2. Corm
o Swollen underground structure
having nodes and internodes
o Gladiolus, lily

32. 3.Rhizome
o Specialized stem structure,
o Grow just below the surface
o Banana, lily, blueberries,
Ginger, turmeric
4. Tuber
o Modified stem, under ground
o Potato, Jerusalem artichoke,
Dioscorea,

33. Separation and Division
5. Tuberous root
o Thickened tuberous growth that function as
storage organ
o Sweet potato, cassava, dahlia