plant reproduction, origin of plant, types of plant, type of reproduction in plants

1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
REPRODUCTION
IN PLANTS

2. Protects and nourishes the
embryo it contains.

3. GYMNOSPERMS

4. GYMNOSPERMS
The oldest surviving seed plants on Earth.
Flourished and diversified about 250 million
years ago, during the cold, Permian period.
-Adapted to live in cold climates.
Also called as the “evergreen trees”.
Include one of the largest & the oldest
organisms on Earth.
The giant redwood tree, taller than 30 – story
building, is one of the Earth’s largest
organisms.

5. GIANT REDWOOD TREE

7. ANGIOSPERMS
FERNS
Flowering plants.
Appeared on the Earth about 150
million years ago.

8. PARTS OF EMBRYO AND
THEIR FUNCTION
EPICOTYL
- The part of the plant embryo above the cotyledon.
- Includes most of what will become the stem and
leaves of the plant.
HYPOCOTYL
- The area of the plant embryo below the cotyledon.
- Includes what will become the roots of the plant.
SEED COAT
- Protects the embryo and its food supply.
ENDOSPERM
- Takes up most of the space.
- A special food – storing tissue.

9. DICOT MONOCOT

10. MONOCOTS DICOTS
Angiosperms with only one
cotyledon in their seeds.
Angiosperms with two cotyledons
in their seeds.
In most monocots, food is stored
as starch, a carbohydrate.
In some dicots, the seed contains
proteins and lipids.
Example: corn, rice, wheat. Example: beans and peas.

12. GYMNOSPERM
REPRODUCTION

13. The transfer of pollen from the
male to the female part of a
plant.
POLLINATION

14. Pine Tree: is a typical gymnosperm.
Takes 2 – 3 years from the time the cones
form until seeds are released.
FEMALE CONES MALE CONES
Consist of spirally
arranged scales and
secrete a sticky resin.
Smaller than female
cones.
Ovule: a structure, consisting
of an egg inside protective
cells, that develops into a
seed.
- Can be found at the base of
each scale.
Produces huge amount of
pollen that are released in
spring.
Pollen grains have wing like
structures that keep them aloft
in the wind.

15. VASCULAR BUNDLES
X Y L E M P H L O E M

16. ANGIOSPERM
REPRODUCTION

17. An important organ because it is the reproductive
structure of an angiosperm.
Modified stems with leaves and other structures
that are specialized for reproduction.
Have 3 basic parts: male, female and sterile parts.
- Male & female parts: produce male and female
gametes.
- Sterile parts: protect flowers and attract organisms
that pollinate the flowers.
FLOWER

18. THE STRUCTURE OF FLOWERS
STIGMA Structure where pollen lands and germinates.
Usually sticky so pollen grains stay on it.
STYLE The part of the pistil that connects the stigma to the
ovary.
Pollen tube grows through the style.
OVARY Contains ovules and develops into a fruit.
Ovules form in the ovary and each ovule contains an
egg.
ANTHER The part of the stamen that produces pollen.
Pollen grains contain sperm cells.
FILAMENT The part of the stamen that holds up the anther.

19. COROLLA The name of the petals in a flower
collectively.
- The colorful petals of a rose are its corolla.
PETALS Are usually the colorful, leaf like appendages
at the top of a flower.
FUNCTION: to attract pollinators.
CALYX Name of the sepals.
The tough, green covering on a rosebud is its
calyx.
SEPALS Are protective leaves at the base of a flower.
Often green, cover the bud of a flower and
protect the developing flower parts.

21. REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES
PISTIL: the female, or egg –
producing part of a flower.
-Form at the center of the flower
and usually have three (3) parts:
stigma, style and ovary.
STAMEN: the male, pollen –
producing part of a flower.
- Usually have two parts: anther
and filament.

22. PERFECT OR IMPERFECT FLOWERS
PERFECT FLOWERS: flowers that
produce both male and female
gametes in the same flower.
IMPERFECT FLOWERS: flowers in
which the male or female part is
missing.
-They are either male or female
flowers.

24. ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
IN PLANTS

25. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Involves no fertilization and produces
offspring that are genetically identical
to the parents.
1. Vegetative Reproduction
2. Artificial Propagation
- Cutting
- Grafting
- Marcotting
- Tissue culturing

26. Vegetative Reproduction
The production of new plants from
horizontal stems, plantlets or
underground roots.
Asexual reproduction that occurs
naturally in plants.
Plants that reproduce by
vegetative reproduction can
duplicate themselves very rapidly
and crowd out other plants or
organisms.

27. Vegetative Reproduction

28. Occurs when humans use asexual
methods to grow plants.
Often faster than growing plants from
seeds and produces a genetically
identical crop.
A by – product of a plant’s ability to
regenerate lost parts.
Methods of artificial propagation:
cutting, grafting and tissue culturing.
Artificial Propagation

29. C
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30. GRAFTING: process wherein
a piece of stem or bud is
combined with another type
of plant.
Frequently used in soft
stem vegetables to
withstand heavy rain and
wind.
Form of regeneration.
- SCION: the cut piece.
- STOCK: the plant where
the scion is attached;
provides nutrition for it to
grow.

31. M
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MARCOTTING: the bark of a matured branch of a
plant is removed and wrapped with soil, coconut
husk or plastic.
 If supplied with water, roots will develop and
can be cut to be planted and developed into a
new plant.

32. TISSUE
CULTURE
TISSUE CULTURE: plants can be cultured or grown into a nutrient
medium.
 The use of chemicals, plant hormones, and agar allows the
growth of a piece of tissue from a plant.
 The tissue can be taken from young leaves, stem or root of the
plant; tissue is placed in a container with a suitable liquid.
 The Bureau of Plant Industry culture sweet potato and banana for
fast propagation and to ensure that the plants characteristics will
not change.

33. THANK YOU