HCSE Provide Didderent Types of Retaining Walls in USA. A retaining wall is a structure that retains (holds back) any material (usually earth) and prevents it from sliding or eroding away.
A foundation is the lowest part of the building structure. It is the engineering field of study devoted to the design of those structures which support other structures, most typically buildings, bridges or transportation infrastructure. It is at the periphery of Civil, Structural and Geo-technical Engineering disciplines and has distinct focus on soil-structure interaction.
This ppt is more useful for Civil Engineering students.
I have prepared this ppt during my college days as a part of semester evaluation . Hope this will help to current civil students for their ppt presentations and in many more activities as a part of their semester assessments.
I have prepared this ppt as per the syllabus concerned in the particular topic of the subject, so one can directly use it just by editing their names.
A foundation is the lowest part of the building structure. It is the engineering field of study devoted to the design of those structures which support other structures, most typically buildings, bridges or transportation infrastructure. It is at the periphery of Civil, Structural and Geo-technical Engineering disciplines and has distinct focus on soil-structure interaction.
This ppt is more useful for Civil Engineering students.
I have prepared this ppt during my college days as a part of semester evaluation . Hope this will help to current civil students for their ppt presentations and in many more activities as a part of their semester assessments.
I have prepared this ppt as per the syllabus concerned in the particular topic of the subject, so one can directly use it just by editing their names.
General Information of Retaining Walls about its type, design and functionality; This file does not comprise of detail study of the Retaining Walls but for a startup it may help students!!!
A reinforced concrete mat foundation is a common type of foundation system used in many buildings. They are a specific type of shallow foundation that uses bearing capacity of the soil at or near the building base to transmit the loads to the soil. Compared to an ordinary slab on grade, a reinforced concrete mat is much thicker and is subjected to more substantial loads from the building.
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
General Information of Retaining Walls about its type, design and functionality; This file does not comprise of detail study of the Retaining Walls but for a startup it may help students!!!
A reinforced concrete mat foundation is a common type of foundation system used in many buildings. They are a specific type of shallow foundation that uses bearing capacity of the soil at or near the building base to transmit the loads to the soil. Compared to an ordinary slab on grade, a reinforced concrete mat is much thicker and is subjected to more substantial loads from the building.
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
Retaining walls are an integral part of any sea facing structure or structures which contain single or multiple basements. The PPT gives a general idea about retaining walls and also focuses on a case study of the retaining wall along the Worli Seaface in Mumbai, India.
EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES & TYPES OF RETAINING WALL.pptxNaqeeb Khan Niazi
Earth retaining structures are built to retain a soil mass and create a difference in level between the ground surface located downstream and the ground surface located upstream of the structure, supported by the structure, usually to gain usable space.This is usually done by placing a fill behind the retaining structure (in elevation or embanking), or by extracting soil in front of the structure (in excavation or emptying), or by performing a combination of the two operations of emptying and embanking at the same time.
EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES
TYPES OF RETAINING WALL
Retaining walls are used to retain earth (or other material) in a vertical position at locations where an abrupt change in ground level occurs.
The walls therefore prevents the retained earth from assuming its natural angle of repose.
METHODS OF RETROFITTING EARTHQUAKE DAMAGESUmer Farooq
The primary purpose of earthquake retrofitting is to keep a home from being displaced from its concrete foundation. Retrofitting means making improvements to an existing building. The purpose is to make the building safer and less prone to major structural damage during an earthquake. Existing homes need to be retrofitted because our understanding of the effects of earthquakes as well as construction techniques have improved after the homes were built. The terms house bolting, foundation bolting and cripple wall bracing are often used synonymously with earthquake retrofitting
Types of Walls (Brick,Concrete Block & Stone Walls)Nzar Braim
Types of Walls (Brick, Concrete
Block & Stone Walls)
The main objective of this project is to assess the contribution of nonstructural masonry walls to the safety of buildings after an unforeseeable
event and the definition of procedures to enhance this contribution
Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar; the term masonry can also refer to the units themselves.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
1. A retaining wall is a structure that retains
(holds back) any material (usually earth) and
prevents it from sliding or eroding away. It is
designed so that to resist the material pressure of
the material that it is holding back.
2. It's possible to build Retaining Walls Services with
everyday landscaping materials such as lumber and
stones, but you can also build more complicated
versions that entail the use of concrete, reinforcing
steel and support systems. Height is the main
consideration for retaining walls; the more soil you
need to hold in place, the higher the wall should be.
Lumber and stone are enough for smaller retaining
walls, known as gravity walls, but larger walls such as
cantilever, counter fort and buttressed walls need
concrete and reinforcing steel.
3. These are arguably the oldest and most frequently
used Retaining Walls. They are often made from stone or
other heavy materials, and rely on the weight of their own
mass to resist pressures from the retained material. Gravity
walls should be a minimum of 50 to 60% as thick as the
height of the wall. They may have to be larger if there is a
slope or surcharge on the wall. Modern gravity walls
include concrete crib walls, gabions, boulders, and large,
precast concrete blocks. Gabions are a type of soil
strengthening, consisting of wire mesh cages into which
roughly cut stone or other material is filled. Gabions work
to reduce internal movement and erosive forces.
4.
5. Before the introduction of modern reinforced-soil gravity walls,
cantilevered walls were the most common type of taller retaining wall.
This type of wall uses much less material than a traditional gravity wall.
Cantilevered walls are made from a relatively thin stem of steel-
reinforced, cast-in-place concrete or mortared masonry, fixed at one
end, usually by way of a simple, embedment or cantilever foundation
(often in the shape of an inverted T). These rigid concrete footings
must be positioned into firm suitable foundations. The wall operates
like a beam — cantilevering the load to a large, fixed structural base —
converting horizontal pressures from behind the wall into vertical
pressures onto the ground below. Sometimes cantilevered walls are
buttressed on the front, or include a counterfeit on the back, to
improve their stability against heavy loads. Buttresses are short wing-
like walls at right angles to the main trend of the wall. Typical
cantilever walls include reinforced concrete, or concrete-filled
blockwork, concrete or timber sleeper walls, concrete, steel or timber
sheet pile, or contiguous piling.
6.
7. These walls are pinned both top and bottom using cables,
or other stays, which are anchored in the rock or soil
behind it. Anchors are driven into the material and then
expanded at the end of the cable, either by mechanical
means or by injecting pressurized concrete into the hole.
They concrete expands to form a bulb in the soil. The wall
may be embedded at the base and tied to a slab at the top
or to a “deadman anchor” — a concrete structure which is
driven into the ground or anchored to the earth with
sufficient resistance. The horizontal cable, rod or helical
anchor, and deadman structure resists forces that would
otherwise cause the wall to become unstable. This method,
though technically complex, is useful where high loads are
expected, or where the wall itself has to be slender and
would be too weak without anchoring.
8.
9. These systems do not simply consist of the wall itself, but make use of
reinforcing grids or straps to contain and stabilize the slope. The
traction-resistant reinforcement elements change the nature of the soil
mass and reduce the earth pressure acting on the wall. In mechanically
stabilized earth (MSE) walls the soil is artificially reinforced with layered
horizontal mats (geosynthetics). These mats provide additional internal
shear resistance beyond that of simple gravity retaining structures.
Layered steel straps may also be used. Reinforcing layers are attached to
outer facing walls (typically segmental retaining walls). The wall face is
usually made of precast concrete units that can tolerate some differential
movement. When the reinforced soil mass is sufficiently large to retain
the pressure from the soil behind it, it works with the wall to provide
stability. Nailed walls make use of slender elements — normally steel
reinforcing bars — which are inserted into pre-drilled hole and grouted
into place. The reinforcing bars are usually installed untensioned at a
slight downward angle. Isolated soil nail heads or a rigid (or flexible)
facing (often of sprayed concrete) may be used on the surface of the wall.
10.
11. Piling retaining walls in California (aka sheet
pile retaining walls) consists of wood planks, steel or vinyl
that has been driven into the ground and is held up by soil
on either side. Piling retaining walls are used in areas with
soft soil but not a lot of room to create wide barriers.
For taller piling retaining walls, a tieback anchor is used to
help it stay in place. Usually, these anchors are set up
behind the face of a wall and the potential failure plain of
the soil. Then a cable connects the retaining wall and
anchor together. It’s important to make sure that the piling
retaining wall is able to endure the bending forces created
by the dirt on either side of it.
12.
13. Drainage is crucial in constructing retaining walls. Drain
tiles and fabrics are used to accomplish this, along with
sufficient aggregates in the base trench and backfill areas.
Compacting the base trench as well as the backfill material
is also important to provide a solid fill that won’t move
during ground shifts and freezes. Lateral ground pressure
is the No. 1 cause of failures in retaining walls; hiring a
licensed engineer to study the soil and environmental
status of the area is a safety measure you should keep in
mind. Building codes are likely to be in play as well, so be
sure to contact your local code agency before starting the
project.
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