Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid produced in your liver and stored in your gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts and empties bile into your small intestine (duodenum)
Definition
Type of Hernia
risk factor
pathophysiology
diagnostic procedure
physical assessment
management for hernia
Nursing Diagnosis
Health Education
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid produced in your liver and stored in your gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts and empties bile into your small intestine (duodenum)
Definition
Type of Hernia
risk factor
pathophysiology
diagnostic procedure
physical assessment
management for hernia
Nursing Diagnosis
Health Education
Search Results
Featured snippet from the web
A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Hernias come in a number of types. Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral
Cardiogenic shock : Medical Surgical NursingRaksha Yadav
This
presentation is designed for Nursing students and it gives a brief
about what you should know while caring for a client with Cardiogenic
shock and also its prevention.
Intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion. Either the small bowel or large bowel may be affected. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating and not passing gas.
1. Tittle - Thrombophlebitis
2. Definition
3. Types
4. arterial vs venous thrombus
5. types of thrombus
6. Causes of thrombus
7. Risk factors
8. Symptoms of thrombophlebitis
9. Treatment of thrombophlebitis - conservative and surgical
10. DVT - Deep vein thrombosis
11. Localisation of DVT
12. Symptoms of DVT
13. Normal leg vs leg with DVT
14. Diagnosis of DVT
15,16. Differential diagnosis
18. Treatment of DVT - conservative and surgical
19. Complications
20. Thank you.
This PPT contains all necessary detail about cholecystitis and its management and covers all aspects of this disease according to nursing point of view. Helpful for studetns.
Search Results
Featured snippet from the web
A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Hernias come in a number of types. Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral
Cardiogenic shock : Medical Surgical NursingRaksha Yadav
This
presentation is designed for Nursing students and it gives a brief
about what you should know while caring for a client with Cardiogenic
shock and also its prevention.
Intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion. Either the small bowel or large bowel may be affected. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating and not passing gas.
1. Tittle - Thrombophlebitis
2. Definition
3. Types
4. arterial vs venous thrombus
5. types of thrombus
6. Causes of thrombus
7. Risk factors
8. Symptoms of thrombophlebitis
9. Treatment of thrombophlebitis - conservative and surgical
10. DVT - Deep vein thrombosis
11. Localisation of DVT
12. Symptoms of DVT
13. Normal leg vs leg with DVT
14. Diagnosis of DVT
15,16. Differential diagnosis
18. Treatment of DVT - conservative and surgical
19. Complications
20. Thank you.
This PPT contains all necessary detail about cholecystitis and its management and covers all aspects of this disease according to nursing point of view. Helpful for studetns.
Made by Ranjith R Thampi. A surgery powerpoint I made during internship for Management of Varicose Veins. Tried to cover as much as possible on the topic. Kindly comment before you download. Thanks!
Varicose Veins is dilatation of superficial veins due to high pressure in the vein i.e. because standing and walking upright increases the pressure in the veins of lower body. It affects as many as 10% of the population.
For many people, varicose veins could be a cosmetic concern. For others, it causes unsightly bulges in the legs, present with swelling of the leg, pain, Eczema, heaviness and fatigue. These veins do not perform any effective function and their removal or closure only helps the blood to flow through the normal deeper veins.
Varicose veins may also signal a higher risk of other circulatory problems. Treatment may involve self-care measures or procedures by your doctor to close or remove veins. These varicose veins should be treated before they produce complications, which are often irreversible.
To know more, read on Varicose Veins by our Consultant Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeon, Dr. C. Anand Somaya.
Many people suffer from venous disease. A good percentage of them are having superficial venous disease. Mostly these diseases are neglected due to ignorance or lack of awareness. Here is a brief description on management of superficial venous disease.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
3. VARICOSE VEIN
Presented by
Aseem.B, MBA, MSc N, PGDHA,
Assistant Professor in Nursing,
SP FORT College of Nursing,
Thiruvananthapuram
aseem.sapphire
5. DEFINITION
Varicose veins are dilated tortuous subcutaneous
veins most frequently found in the saphenous
system.(Lewis Heitkemper).
Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous superficial veins
that result from defective structure and function of
the valves of the saphenous veins, from intrinsic
weakness of the vein wall, from high intraluminal
pressure, or rarely from arteriovenous fistulas.
Varicose vein is a dilated and twisted condition of the
veins caused by structural changes in the walls or
valves of the vessels.
19. pathophysiology
Due to various Etiology and risk factors
Enlargement of vein in the leg
Streching of valves and it become incompetent
Back flow of blood
Increased back pressure Calf muscle pump fails
Venous distention and edema
20. TYPES
• PRIMARY : originate in the superficial system.
More common in women and patients with
strong family history.it is caused by the congental
weakness of veins.(idiopathic varicosities)
• SECONDARY : it result from deep venous
insufficiency or from deep venous occlution
causing enlargement of superficial veins.it may
occur in the esophagial varices, anorectal
areas(haemorrhoids),AV fistulas.
21. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Aching, heavy legs (often worse at night and after
exercise).
• Appearance of spider veins (telangiectasia) in the
affected leg.
• Ankle swelling.
• A brownish-blue shiny skin discoloration near the
affected veins.
• Redness, dryness, and itchiness of areas of skin -
termed stasis dermatitis or venous eczema,
because of waste products building up in the leg.
22.
23.
24. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS continued
• Cramps may develop especially when making a
sudden move as standing up.
• Minor injuries to the area may bleed more than
normal and/or take a long time to heal.
• In some people the skin above the ankle may shrink
(lipodermatosis) because the fat underneath the
skin becomes hard.
• Whitened, irregular scar-like patches can appear at
the ankles. This is known as atrophic blanche.
33. Medical Management
• Drug Therapy,
• Sclerotherapy,
• Foam Sclerotherapy,
• Endovenous Laser Therapy.
34. DRUG THERAPY
• Anti inflammatory drugs such as
IBUPROFEN, ASPIRIN can be used for
treatment of superficial
thrombophlebitis
• Anti coagulation therapy is used in
extensive thrombophlebitis
35. SCLEROTHERAPY
• Commonly performed non surgical treatment
• Medicine is injected into the veins to make them
shrink
• Two techniques : 1. injection of a sclerosing
agent alone
• 2.Injection of a mixture containing a sclerosing
and foaming agent.
• Commonly used agents are hypertonic saline,
saline plus hypertonic dextrose, morruate
sodium, ethanolamine oxalate.
36.
37. SCLEROTHERAPY
• Direct IV induces inflammation and results in
eventual thrombosis of the vein
• Performed in the clinical setting or office
setting : minimal discomfort
• After injection leg is wrapped with elastic
bandage for 24-72 hours
• Potential complication are itching, pian ,
blister, oedema, hyperpigmentation,
thrombophlebitis and DVT
40. FOAM THERAPY
• In this technique a sclerosing foam agent
is used
• Foam has more surface area than liquid,
which increases the likelihood that it will
cling to its target area
• Foam irritates the vein and causes it to
shrink more quickly.
43. ENDOVENOUS LASER THERAPY
• New technique
• Uses laser to destroy the vein
• Is a OP procedure with minimal discomfort
• It takes around 30-45 mins
• Small laser is passed in to the vein with the
guidance of ultrasound dupplex scanning
• Mild bruising and numbing is the reported
complications
45. RADIO FREQUENCY ABLATION
• Newer technique
• Uses heat to destroy the vein
• Ultrasound sound guidance is there
• Performed under local anesthesia
• Takes around 30 mins
48. SURGICAL STRIPPING AND LIGATION
• Oldest method for treatment of varicose vein
• Ussually used to remove the main superficial
vein( the long saphenous vein)
• Strippers of various designs are used to pull
out the vein
• General anaesthesia is given and connected to
ventillator
• Performed in a hospital OT or equivalent
setting.
52. MINI PHLEBECTOMY
• Office surgical procedure
• Performed under local anaesthesia
• Faulty area is removed through minute
incisions
53. SIDE EFFECTS OF SURGERY
• Surgery can leave permanent scars.
• Serious side effects are uncommon
• with general anaesthesia, there always is a risk of
cardiac and respiratory complications.
• Bleeding and congestion of blood can be a problem,
but the collected blood usually settles on its own and
does not require any further treating.
• Wound infection, inflammation
• swelling and redness can occur.
• A very common complication is the damage of nerve
fibres around the veins which can lead to pain.
54. PRE OPERATIVE CARE
• Explain about the surgery its benefit,
complication and after effects to the patient and
concerned bystanders.
• High risk consent should be taken from the
patient and bystanders.
• Blood investigations should be done
• Surgery site should prepared
• Patient should maintain NPO status.
• IV should be administered before surgery
• Emergency cart including lifesaving equipments
and drugs should be ready.
• Input output chart should be maintained.
55. POST OPERATIVE CARE
• Check vital signs
• Elevate the drugs
• Administer all the necessary drugs
• Maintain inut output chart
• Connect all the necessary monitors
• Promote rest
• Apply elastic bandage
• Avoid or minimise visitors
• Promote good nutrition
• Encourage avoidance of leg crossing( it causes compression of vessels
resulting in venous stasis)
• Encourage moderate amount of walking(it promotes venous return by
activating muscle pump).
• Caution to avoid scratching or vigorous rubbing(it can cause skin abrasions
and bacterial invasions)
• Encourage avoidance of constrictive clothing and accessories( It impede
circulation and promote venous stasis).
• Include family others in teaching program.
57. NURSING MANAGEMENT
The main aim of nursing management are :
• Improving circulation
• Relieving discomfort
• Improving cosmetic appearance
• Avoiding complications.
ASSESSMENT
1. Health history
2. Physical examination
58. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• Acute pain related to venous congestion,
impaired venous return and inflammation
• Ineffective health maintenance related to lack of
knowledge about disorder and its treatment
• Risk for impaired skin integrity related to altered
peripheral tissue perfusion.
• Potential complication : bleeding related to
anticoagulant therapy
• Potential complication : pulmonary embolism
related to dehydration and immobility
59. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
• Restoring skin integrity
• Promote rest
• Improving Physical Mobility
• Promoting Adequate Nutrition
• Promoting Home and Community Based
Care
60. CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT
• Leg elevation
• Take rest
• Wear compression stockings
• Weight reduction
• Avoid alcohol
• Visit your health care provider
• Do not cross legs when sitting
• Take exercises
63. COMPLICATIONS
• Pain, heaviness, inability to walk or stand for
long hours thus hindering work
• Skin conditions / Dermatitis which could
predispose skin loss
• Skin ulcers especially near the ankle, usually
referred to as venous ulcers.
• Development of carcinoma or sarcoma in
longstanding venous ulcers. There have been
over 100 reported cases of malignant
transformation and the rate is reported as 0.4%
to 1%.
• Severe bleeding from minor trauma, of particular
concern in the elderly.
64. Complication continued
• Blood clotting within affected veins. Termed superficial
thrombophlebitis. These are frequently isolated to the
superficial veins, but can extend into deep veins
becoming a more serious problem.
• Acute fat necrosis can occur, especially at the ankle of
overweight patients with varicose veins. Females are
more frequently affected than males.
• Tenderness in that region.
• Restless legs syndrome: (RLS) appears to be a common
overlapping clinical syndrome in patients with varicose
veins and other chronic venous insufficiency.
66. bibliography
• Lewis Heitkemper Dirsksen O’brien Bucher “ Medical surgical nursing” seventh edition
Elsevier publications page number :917-919
•
• Joyce M Black Jane Hokanson Hawks “ Medical surgical Nursing ” 7th edition volume no 7
Elsevier publications page number :1539-1540.
•
•
• Suzanne C Smeltzer Brenda Bare “ textbook of medical surgical nursing ” 10thedition
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins publications pagenumber :849-850.
•
•
• Barbara F Weller “ Baillieres Nurses dictionary ”twenty third edition, Bailliere tindall
publication, London , UK page no : 410.
•
• Fahey VA, Schindler N “ Arterial reconstruction of lower extremities : Vascular Nursing ”ed4,
Philadelphia, Saunders publications 2004 page number 26-28.
•