This document defines allergies and anaphylaxis, and discusses their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that an allergy is an exaggerated immune response to foreign substances. Common allergens include drugs, insect venoms, foods, animal sera, and plant pollens. Symptoms can affect the skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, physical exam, and tests like a complete blood count or radioallergosorbent test. Treatment focuses on epinephrine/adrenaline, corticosteroids, oxygen, and monitoring vital signs. Prevention emphasizes avoiding allergens and desensitization procedures.

2. WELCOME

3. ALLERGY &
ANAPHYLAXIS
ASEEM.B,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
SP FORT COLLEGE OF NURSING,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.

4. THOSE WHO ARE SLEEPING PLEASE
WAKE UP…

5. DEFINITION
• A State Of Altered Reactivity In Which
Thebody Reacts With An Exaggerated Immune
Response To What Is Perceived As A Foreign
Substance.
• Allergy is a synonym for Hypersensitivity
• Anaphylaxis(immediate allergic response
/emergency condition ) is a form of
Hypersensitivity

6. • A disorder in which the body becomes
hypersensitive to particular antigens, which
provoke characteristic symptoms.

7. Allergens causing anaphylactic
shock
• Drugs
• Insect venoms
• Foods
• Animal sera
• Treatment measures
• Plant pollens
• Animal hair

9. drugs
• Penincillin
• Sulfonamides
• Insulins
• Aspirin
• Tetracycline
• Local anesthetics
• Chemotherapeutic agents
• cephalosporins

10. Insect venoms
• Wasps
• Hornets (Large stinging paper wasp)
• Bumblebeens
• Ants

11. Foods
• Eggs
• Milk
• Nuts
• Peanuts
• Shell fish
• Chocolate
• Strawberries

12. Animal sera
• Tetanus antitoxin
• Rabies antitoxin
• Snake venom
• Other antitoxins

13. Treatment measures
• Blood products
• Iodine contrast
• Allergic extracts

15. Plant pollens
• Rag weed
• Timothy grass
• Jute fibers
• Tobacco leaves

16. Animal hair
• Cat hair
• Dog fur
• Camel
• Sheep
• Cow dung

17. General
• Some perfumes
• Other types of fumes
• Poisoning

22. Clinical Manifestations
• Neuro : head ache, Dizziness, Paresthesia feeling
• Skin : Pruritus, angioedema, erythema,
urticaria(itchy skin eruption)
• Respiratory system : Coughing, sensation of
narrowed airway, wheezing, stridor, Dyspnoa,
tachypnea, respiratory arrest
• CVS : hypotension, Arrythmias, tachycardia, cardiac
arrest.
• GI: cramping abdominal pain, nausea, vomitting,
diarhoea

23. General symptoms
• Rashes
• Lacrimation
• Rubbing/excessive blinking
• Nasal polyps
• Husky voice/hoarseness, itchy voice
• Diminished hearing
• Swollen lips, red throat, palpable neck lymph
nodes

32. Diagnosis

33. Diagnosis
• History
• Physical Examination : head to toe
• Subjective and objective data
• CBC – WBC differential(Granulocyte, Lymphocyte,
Monocyte) is required – easinophil elevated
• Radio allergen sorbent test : it is an invitro (out side
the body) diagnostic test for IgE antibodies to
specific allergens.
• Skin Test

35. Management
• Administer Adrenaline(epinephrine) : is a cardiac
stimulant. It has the function of fright or fight and
has a wide spread of effects on circulation, the
muscles and the sugar metabolism.
• Corticosteroids
• Anti pruritic drugs
• Mast cell stabilising drugs
• High flow oxygen
• Keep warm

36. Adrenaline(epinephrine)

37. NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Patent Airway
• Remove the particular sting or allergens
• RT
• IV Access
• Psychological support

38. prevention
• Avoidance of allergens
• Desensitization (a method of reducing the
effects of a known allergen by injecting over a
period)

39. Thank u for kind listening…..