here in this presentation I had shared the basic information regarding use of nanotechnology in medical science and what wonders and improvements that nano technology did in the field of medical science.

1. Medical Application of Nano particles
By: Vikram Kataria

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Nano particles in medical imaging
• Nano particles in optical imaging(Part of medical imaging)
• Nano particles in MRI(Part of medical imaging)
• Nano particle in drug gene delivery(Overview)
• Nano particle in drug gene delivery for cancer
• Nano particle in drug gene delivery for nano degenerative disease therapy
• Nano particle in drug gene delivery for HIV & Occular disease therapy
• Nano particle in Respiratory disease
• Conclusion
• References

3. Introduction
• Nanoparticles are materials with overall dimensions in the nanoscale,
i.e, under 100 nm. In recent years, these materials have emerged as
important players in modern medicine, with clinical applications
ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for drug and gene
delivery into tumors. Indeed, there are some instances where
nanoparticles enable analyses and therapies that simply cannot be
performed otherwise. However, nanoparticles also bring with them
unique environmental and societal challenges, particularly in regard
to toxicity. This review aims to highlight the major contributions of
nanoparticles to modern medicine.

4. Nano Particles in Medical imaging
• Nanoparticles can provide
significant improvements in
traditional biological imaging of
cells and tissues using fluorescence
microscopy as well as in modern
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
of various regions of the body.
Chemical composition distinguishes
the nanoparticles used in these two
techniques. Florocense microscope

5. Nano particles in optical imaging
• Two problems often encountered in this mode of imaging are
inadequate fluorescence intensity and photobleaching. QDs can emit
light that is far more intense and significantly more stable against
photobleaching compared with conventional organic dyes.
• Here the type of Nano particles used are quantum dots here aim is
site specific imaging in-vivo, here the characteristics includes:
• 1. Imaging of lymph nodes, lung blood vessels, and tumors.
• 2. Greater intensity and resistance to photobleaching compared with
conventional methods.
• 3. Site-specific targeting via surface functionalization.
• 4. Subcutaneous imaging without surgical incisions.

6. Photobleaching
Inadequate
fluorescence intensity
Problem in mode of imaging

7. Solution
• QDs, they can emit light that is far more intense and significantly
more stable against photobleaching compared with conventional
organic dyes.

8. Characteristics
Site
specific
imaging in
vivo
Site-specific
targeting via
surface
functionalization.
Greater intensity and
resistance to
photobleaching compared
with conventional methods.
Subcutaneous
imaging without
surgical incisions.
. Imaging of lymph nodes, lung
blood vessels, and tumors.

10. MRI
• The Aim here is more precise cancer detection, superparamagnetic
iron oxide nanoparticles are used which shows following
characteristics:
• Enhanced contrast for imaging of liver, lymph nodes, and bone
marrow.
• Paramagnetic properties that can alter magnetic resonance relaxation
times of selected regions or fluids in vivo.

11. Visualization of lymph node metastases in prostate cancer using iron oxide
nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents. (A) A conventional MRI image can only vaguely
indicate the presence of metastases. (B) Two metastases, indicated by arrows, can be
clearly seen when the iron oxide nanoparticles are used. Scale bars = 4 mm (added
based on the authors’ description of 2 mm metastases).

12. Nano Particles in drug gene delivery
• Here Polymer- and liposome-
based nanoparticles are used,
the main usage is in the cancer
therapy, Neurodegenerative
disease therapy, HIV/AIDS
therapy, Ocular disease
therapy, Respiratory disease
therapy

13. FOR CANCER
• The characteristics for cancer therapy involves:
• Targetted delivery by surface functionalization.
• Strategies for prolonging residence times in vivo (eg, PEG
attachment).
• Strategies for solubilizing water-insoluble drugs (eg, paclitaxel).
• Multi-layer and multi-functional (eg, chemotherapeutic and anti-
angiogenic).

14. Schematic representations of (A) a polymeric matrix and
(B) a liposome, both of which can enclose a drug.

15. FOR NANO-DEGENRATIVE DISEASE THERAPY
• THE CHARECTERISTICS INVOLVE:
• Transport across blood–brain barrier (eg, by PEG incorporation).
• Superior to direct drug administration.
• Therapies for diseases unresponsive to small molecule drugs (gene
therapy).

16. Liposome-based drug delivery to the nervous system. Gold-labeled
liposomes (colored black in image) among astrocytes and microglia in rat
spinal cord sections indicating penetration of the blood–brain barrier
(astrocytes and microglia stained red); scale bar = 100 μm

17. FOR HIV-AIDS & Occular disease therapy
• The characteristics for hiv aids involves :
• Solubilizing water-insoluble drugs by emulsification.
• Ability to transfect cells by DNA incorporation in nanoparticle.
• And for Occular disease therapy characteristics involves:
• Ability to prolong drug residence times within ocular mucus layer or
retina.
• Alternative to frequent application of high-drug conc. drops.

18. For Respiratory disease
For respiratory diseases the characteristics of nano particles involves:
• Mitigation of inflammatory responses in respiratory tract.
• Selective binding of liposomes presenting fucose and sulfate ester groups to activated endothelial
cells in mouse lungs following allergen challenge. (A) Negative control (liposomes without fucose
and sulfate ester groups). (B) Liposomes with fucose and sulfate ester groups. Scale bars in both
images = 30 μm.(in above figure)

19. Conclusion
• By studying and researching about the application of nanotechnology
in medical field, one thing Is clear that the technology has increased
the power of medical science, by making determination of diseases
more visible moreover it proved to be more effective for treatment of
various disease, however on major disadvantage of the technology is
its toxicity.

20. References
• https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bca/2017/4101735/
• https://in.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?hspart=Lkry&hsimp=yhs-
SF01&type=ANYS_A1KPP_gn_bsf&obt9bpdyed=0&p=transeverse+ma
gnetization&param1=mT_WOxqDIjC2OdZYbz-npBOf4q5G-
mLMQEm1CStpnPitK6whAWG2NfsZ02SsYGrkCfVE1YcSnVwve4147uN
aKRZt_ZoEE7wzMzPLUTpHm2Or_s_FEL6gof-nfoljr-AO5va1r__3UP-
KP4EkvSLrlpNgavXH2_61Hw8LVKkrHymzz3YGWglCOTZ7ZEJIrnB5iNV-
nnlGXBnSA-
uU5Hs7o395qwoKEaGkvz3TI4DDf4arbwZQ58dfaBedoiAqfDOGW78hg
ijEmTRKhIVg
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4397224/

21. Thank you
Healing regards-
Vikram Kataria