Nanoparticles show promise for biomedical imaging and diagnosis due to their large size and multifunctionality compared to small molecules. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are commonly used in MRI because they shorten T2 relaxation times, allowing hydrogen protons to move closer to the magnet and produce clearer images. Various types of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles including amine, carboxyl, epoxy and IDA functionalized nanoparticles are used for applications like immunoassay, gene transfection, biomolecule separation, cell separation, enzyme immobilization, drug delivery, and biomedical imaging. Nanoparticles also show potential for targeted cancer drug delivery and simultaneous imaging and therapy.

1. Nanoparticles in
Biomedical Imaging
By: Patrick Keyser, Charlie West, Zoë Sawyer

2. Hydrodynamic diameter (HD) ranges for nano-scale materials useful for
biomedical imaging (top row) and naturally-occurring materials (bottom row).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3017480/figure/F1/
Because of their large size compared to small molecules, and their
multi-functionality, nanoparticles (NPs) hold promise as biomedical
imaging, diagnostic, and theragnostic agents. However, the key to their
success hinges on a detailed understanding of their behavior after
administration into the body.

3. Because of their
strong magnetic
properties, the SPIO
nanoparticles can
help overcome the
poor sensitivity of
current contrast
agents by
generating higher
contrast between
the target and the
background. Thus
SPIO nanoparticles
are a great contrast
agent.
http://legacy.jyi.org/features/ft.php?id=750

4. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been used extensively in MRI’s
because of their ability to shorten the T2 relaxation times in liver,
spleen, and bone marrow. This allows the hydrogen protons to move
closer to the magnet, which is connected to an advanced super computer
to create a better image.
http://med.brown.edu/pedisurg/Brown/I
BImages/Spleen/SplLymph2.html

5. Up Next are a Few Different Kind of
Nanoparticles Used Today in
Imaging

6. Purpose: diagnostic immunoassay, gene transfection,
biomolecule separation, cell separation, enzyme
immobilization, drug delivery, Biomedical imaging
The surface of the supperparamagnetic Fe3O4
nanoparticles is covalently functionalized with rich primary
aliphatic amine groups, and can be used for further
functionalization.
Amine Functionalized
Magnetic Nanoparticles
http://www.gignano.com/products/ma
gnetic-nanoparticles/functionalized-
magnetic-nanoparticles/amino-group-
functionalized-magnetic-
nanoparticles/

7. Carboxyl Functionalized Magnetic
Nanoparticles
The surface of the supperparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle is covalently
functionalized with rich carboxyl groups, and can be used for further
functionalization.
Purpose: diagnostic immunoassay, gene transfection, biomolecule
separation, cell separation, enzyme immobilization, drug delivery,
Biomedical imaging
http://www.gignano.com/products/magnetic-
nanoparticles/functionalized-magnetic-nanoparticles/amino-
group-functionalized-magnetic-nanoparticles/

8. Epoxy Functionalized Magnetic
Nanoparticles
The surface of the supperparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle is covalently
functionalized with rich epoxy groups, and can be used for further
functionalization.
Purpose: diagnostic immunoassay, gene transfection, biomolecule separation,
cell separation, enzyme immobilization, drug delivery, Biomedical imaging

9. IDA Functionalized Magnetic
Nanoparticles
The surface of the supperparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle is
covalently functionalized with rich IDA groups, and can be chelated to
metal ions.
Purpose: biomolecule separation, cell separation, enzyme
immobilization, heavy metal wastewater treatment, drug delivery,
Biomedical imaging
http://www.gignano.com/products/magnetic-
nanoparticles/functionalized-magnetic-nanoparticles/amino-
group-functionalized-magnetic-nanoparticles/

10. Magnet Nanoparticles
• Today many nanoparticles that exibit metalic
properties are used in MRI and different types of
imaging.
• Other types of nanoparticles today are used to
conduct selective enrichment of different molecules
in our body that researchers need to advance our
technology.
• The big target today for nanoparticles is drug
delivery, and using nanoparticles to help cancer
research. Water-insoluble anticancer drugs were
delivered into human cancer cells; surface
conjugation with cancer-specific targeting agents
increased the uptake into cancer cells relative to that
in non-cancerous fibroblasts. The highly versatile
multifunctional nanoparticles could potentially be
used for simultaneous imaging and therapeutic
applications.
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10
.1021/nn800072t

11. Because of the low abundance of
phosphopeptides/glycopeptides,
specific and sensitive strategies are
especially indispensable for the
identification of protein
phosphorylation and glycosylation by
mass spectrometry (MS). However,
most of those previously reported
methods only focused on enriching
either phosphopeptides or
glycopeptides rather than enriching
both of them. In the present study,
amine-functionalized magnetic
nanoparticles were synthesized in a
one-pot procedure and successfully
used for selective enrichment of both
phosphopeptides and glycopeptides.
Use of all these nanoparticles
http://www.gignano.com/products/magnetic-
nanoparticles/functionalized-magnetic-
nanoparticles/amino-group-functionalized-magnetic-
nanoparticles/

12. Works Cited
"Magnetic Nanoparticles." GiGNano
Biointerface. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2013.
"The Journal of Young Investigators: An
Undergraduate, Peer-Reviewed Science
Journal." JYI.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2013.
"Multifunctional Inorganic Nanoparticles for
Imaging, Targeting, and Drug Delivery." - ACS
Nano (ACS Publications). N.p., n.d. Web. 22
Apr. 2013.

13. The End
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