Nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine allow for targeted drug delivery and treatment at the cellular level using nanoparticles and nanorobots. Potential applications include using nanoparticles to deliver chemotherapy directly to tumors, using photodynamic therapy to destroy cancer cells with light, and developing nanorobots to remove plaque from arteries or break up kidney stones with lasers. Future possibilities involve cell-sized robots that can detect disease while circulating in the bloodstream and respirocytes that act as artificial red blood cells to deliver oxygen throughout the body.

1. “Applications of Nanobiotechnology in
Medicine”

2. 1.Introduction
2.0 Applications
2.1 Drug delivery
2.2 Surgery
2.3 Cancer
2.4 Photodynamic therapy
2.5 Nanorobots & its applications
2.6 Nanomedicine
2.7 Implantable devices
3.0 Current scenario
4.0 References
Synopsis:

3. Nanomedicine
• It is a inter disciplinary field of biology,
nanobiotechnoloy and chemistry.
• Human body is basically an extremely complex
organization system of interaction molecules. it is a
molecular machine.
• For that technology is needed to understand the
working mechanisms of our body and repair the
body is the molecular machine technology.
• This technology is called nanotechnology

4. • It involves research and technology development
at 1 nm to 100 nm range
• Nano indicates 1×10−9
• Nanobiotechnology (sometimes referred to as
nanobiology) is best described as helping modern
medicine progress from treating symptoms to
generating cures and regenerating biological
tissues.
• Nano biotechnology mainly developed and applied
to study biological phenomena and its processes.
Nanotechnology

5. • Nanobiotechnology, bionanotechnology, and
nanobiology are terms that refer to the intersection of
nanotechnology and biology
• For example, nanoparticles can serve as probes, sensors
or vehicles for biomolecule delivery in cellular systems.
• The process of revolutionizing the delivery of
biologically active compounds.
• Application of nanotechnology in pharmacology are
undeniably linked to the potential of drug targeting.
• It is alternative to overcome the problems of the
administration of peptides and proteins and new drugs.

6. Aim of Nanomedicines
• Comprehensive monitoring control, construction,
repair, defence and improvement of all human
biological systems, working from the molecular level.
• Using engineered devices and nanostructures,
ultimately to achieve medical benefit.

9. Drug Delivery
• In nanotechnology nanoparticles are used for site
specific drug delivery.
• The variety of nanoparticles such as
dendrimers, and nanoporous materials find
application.
• Micelles obtained from block co-polymers, are used
for drug encapsulation. They transport small drug
molecules to the desired location.
• Similarly, nanoelectromechanical systems are
utilized for the active release of drugs.
• Iron nanoparticles or gold shells are finding
important application in the cancer treatment.

10. Advantages:
• In this technique the required drug dose is used and
side-effects are lowered significantly as the active
agent is deposited in the morbid region only.
• This highly selective approach can reduce costs and
pain to the patients.
• A targeted medicine reduces the drug
consumption and treatment expenses, making the
treatment of patients cost effective.

14. Cancer
• Nanoparticles have high surface area to
volume ratio.
• This allows for many functional groups to
be attached to a nanoparticle, which can
seek out and bind to certain tumor cells.
• Additionally, the small size of nanoparticles
(10 to 100 nanometers), allows them to
preferentially accumulate at tumor sites
(because tumors lack an effective lymphatic
drainage system).
• Limitations to conventional cancer
chemotherapy include
 drug resistance,
 lack of selectivity,
 Lack of solubility.
• Nanoparticles have the potential to
overcome these problems.

15. Photodynamic therapy
• A particle is placed within the body and is
illuminated with light from the outside.
• The light gets absorbed by the particle and if the
particle is metal, energy from the light will heat the
particle and surrounding tissue.
• Light may also be used to produce high energy
oxygen molecules which will chemically react with
and destroy most organic molecules that are next to
them (like tumors).
• This therapy is appealing for many reasons.

16. Advantages of Photodynamic therapy
• It does not leave a "toxic trail" of reactive molecules
throughout the body (chemotherapy) because it is
directed where only the light is shined and the
particles exist.
• Photodynamic therapy has potential for a non-invasive
procedure for dealing with diseases, growth and
tumors.

17.  Nano robotics are an emerging technology field creating machines
or robots whose components are at or near the scale of
a nanometre (10−9meters).
 Devices ranging in size from 0.1–10 micrometres
The first useful applications of Nano machines may be in Nano
medicine. For example, biological machines could be used to identify
and destroy cancer cells.
 According to Richard Feynman, and
collaborator Albert Hibbs who originally suggested
to him the idea of a medical use for Feynman's
theoretical micro machines (Nano machine)
Biochip
Nubots
Surface-bound systems
Bio hybrids
3D printing
Nano medicine
NANOROBOTICS

18. Nanorobots
• Nano-robotics, although having many applications
in other areas, have the most useful and variety of
uses in medical fields.
• Potential applications include early diagnosis and
targeted drug delivery for cancer, biomedical
instrumentation, surgery, pharmacokinetics,
monitoring of diabetes, and health care.
• Future medical nanotechnology expected to employ
nanorobots injected into the patient to perform
treatment on a cellular level.

19. Applications of Nanorobots:
• Nanorobots could travel to the point of infection
directly and deliver a small dose of medication.
• The patient would potentially suffer fewer side effects
from the medication.
• Example, a doctor might deliver a powerful antibiotic
to a patient through a syringe to help his immune
system.
• The antibiotic becomes diluted while it travels through
the patient's bloodstream, causing only some of it
makes it to the point of infection.

20. Treating arteriosclerosis:
• Arteriosclerosis refers to a condition where plaque
builds along the walls of arteries.
• Nanorobots could conceivably treat the condition by
cutting away the plaque, which would then enter the
bloodstream.
• Nanorobots may treat conditions like arteriosclerosis
by physically chipping away the plaque along artery
walls.

21. Fighting cancer:
• Doctors hope to use nanorobots to treat cancer
patients.
• The robots could either attack tumors directly using
lasers, microwaves or ultrasonic signals or they could
be part of a chemotherapy treatment, delivering
medication directly to the cancer site.
• Doctors believe that by delivering small but precise
doses of medication to the patient, side effects will
be minimized without a loss in the medication's
effectiveness.

22. Parasite Removal:
• Nanorobots could wage
micro-war on bacteria and
small parasitic organisms
inside a patient.
• It might take several
nanorobots working
together to destroy all the
parasites.

23. GOUT:
• Gout is a condition where the
kidneys lose the ability to remove
waste from the breakdown of fats
from the bloodstream.
• This waste sometimes crystallizes at
points near joints like the knees and
ankles.
• People who suffer from gout
experience intense pain at these
joints.
• A nanorobot could break up the
crystalline structures at the joints,
providing relief from the symptoms,
though it wouldn't be able to
reverse the condition permanently.

24. Breaking up kidney stones:
• Kidney stones can be intensely
painful - the larger the stone
the more difficult it is to pass.
• Doctors break up large kidney
stones using ultrasonic
frequencies, but it's not
always effective. A nanorobot
could break up a kidney stones
using a small laser.
• Nanorobots might carry small
ultrasonic signal generators to
deliver frequencies directly to
kidney stones.

25. Therapeutic Applications –
cleaning of mouth.
• A mouthwash full of smart
and destroy pathogenic
bacteria while allowing the
harmless flora of the mouth to
flourish in a healthy ecosystem
• Four remote-controlled
nanorobots examine and clean
the subocclusal surfaces of a
patient's teeth, near the gum
line.
Nano brush

26. Respirocyte
• A proposed nano robot , artificial red blood cell
• Of the order of 1 micron
• Spherical nano robot made of 18 billion atoms
• A pressure tank which can be pumped upto 9 billion Oxygen
O2 and CO2 molecules
• By the virtue of its pressure sensors it releases Oxygen or
Carbon Dioxide
• The bottom line is that mimics the action of hemoglobin
filled red blood cells and can deliver 236 times more oxygen
per unit volume than a natural red blood cell
• Applications
• Treatment of Anemia
• Transfusions and perfusions
• Fetal and Child Related disorders

27. Making Tiny Plastic Particles to
deliver Lifesaving Medicine
• Many medications such as therapeutic DNA, insulin
and human growth hormone must enter the body
through painful injections, but a Johns Hopkins
researcher is seeking to deliver the same treatment
without the sting
• Justin Hanes an assistant professor at the Department
of Chemical and BioMolecular Engineering wants to
pack the drug into microscopic plastic spheres which
can be inhaled
• New type of porous polymer particles capable of
releasing drugs in an environment resembling the
deep lungs
• http://www.jhu.edu/news_info/news/home03/sep03
/hanes.html
This microscopic view shows the porous polymer particles developed by Justin
Hanes and his colleagues to deliver medication when inhaled through the lungs.

28. Cell-sized robots can be used to detect
diseases
MIT scientists have developed a method
to mass produce robots no bigger than a
cell that could be used to monitor
conditions inside an oil or gas pipeline, or
to search out disease while floating
through the bloodstream.
The key to making such tiny devices,
which the team calls “syncells” (short for
synthetic cells), in large quantities lies in
controlling the natural fracturing process
of atomically-thin, brittle materials.
The process, called “autoperforation”,
directs the fracture lines so that they
produce minuscule pockets of a
predictable size and shape.

30. Scientists create Nano medical robot and
sets Guinness World Record
The scientists have developed the smallest medical
robot and set a new Guinness World Record.
The device, which is of 120 nanometres in size,
can interact with biological cells.
These Nano composite particles can assist to treat
cancer and Alzheimer’s in the future and one day it
might lead to huge medical advancements.
The Nano composites are made of two different
types of multifunctional oxide materials in a “core
and shell” configuration. The core is magnetic and
changes shape in response to magnetic fields.
The ferroelectric shell converts pressure into
electric potentials. Nano composites acts as arms
and legs that move the nanoparticle around to
interact with targeted biological cells.

31. References & Further Read:
• Kadircan H Keskinbora and Muslim A Jameel, Nanotechnology
Applications and Approaches in Medicine: A Review, Journal of
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Research, Vol.2 No.2:6, 2018.
• Soares et al. 2008. Nanomedicine: Principles, Properties, and Regulatory
Issues.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2018.00360/full
• https://www.precisionnanosystems.com/our-technology/what-is-
nanomedicine
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6109690/

32. Thanks
For any Clarification Contact;
Dr. T. RAMESH
Assistant Professor of Zoology
PG & Research Department of Zoology
Vivekananda College Tiruvedakam
+91 99420 58831
faunaldiversity@gmail.com