Urea Cycle | Energetics of Urea Cycle | Regulation of Urea Cycle | Metabolic ...kiransharma204
This PPT contains topics related to Urea Cycle, Energetics of Urea Cycle, Regulation of Urea Cycle, Metabolic disorder of Urea Cycle & Clinical Importance.
Books referred: https://www.amazon.in/Biochemistry-2019-Satyanarayana-Satyanarayana-Author/dp/B07WGHCTKZ/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3FLX88MWT4Y30&dchild=1&keywords=satyanarayan+biochemistry&qid=1591701828&s=books&sprefix=satyanarayan+%2Cstripbooks%2C387&sr=1-1
explains the breakdown of purine. source and excretion of purine is explained. hyperuricemia and hypouricemia is discussed. types of Gout, clinical features and treatment is included.
Urea Cycle | Energetics of Urea Cycle | Regulation of Urea Cycle | Metabolic ...kiransharma204
This PPT contains topics related to Urea Cycle, Energetics of Urea Cycle, Regulation of Urea Cycle, Metabolic disorder of Urea Cycle & Clinical Importance.
Books referred: https://www.amazon.in/Biochemistry-2019-Satyanarayana-Satyanarayana-Author/dp/B07WGHCTKZ/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3FLX88MWT4Y30&dchild=1&keywords=satyanarayan+biochemistry&qid=1591701828&s=books&sprefix=satyanarayan+%2Cstripbooks%2C387&sr=1-1
explains the breakdown of purine. source and excretion of purine is explained. hyperuricemia and hypouricemia is discussed. types of Gout, clinical features and treatment is included.
introduction of Purine and Pyrimidine metabolism, biosynthesis and degradation of nucleotides, biological functions and metabolic disorders, chemical analogues and therapeutic drugs, uric acid metabolism
Protein which are major component of our diet have amino acid as their precursor and also act as important energy source. Any imbalance in the metabolism of these amino acid cause disorders
Glycogenolysis, process by which glycogen, the primary carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscle cells of animals, is broken down into glucose to provide immediate energy and to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting. These slides will provide you detail explanation of Glycogenolysis.
In ureotelic organisms, the ammonia deposited in
the mitochondria of hepatocytes is converted to urea in
the urea cycle. This pathway was discovered in 1932 by
Hans Krebs (who later also discovered the citric acid cycle)
and a medical student associate, Kurt Henseleit.
Urea production occurs almost exclusively in the liver
and is the fate of most of the ammonia channeled there.
The urea passes into the bloodstream and thus to the
kidneys and is excreted into the urine. The production
of urea now becomes the focus of our discussion.
Intermediary metabolism BIOCHEMISTRY REVISION NOTES TONY SCARIA
BIOCHEMISTRY REVISION NOTES BASED ON LECTURE NOTES AND HIGH YEILD TOPIC
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
AMPHIBOLIC PATHWAY
OXALOACETATE
VITAMINS IN TCA CYCLE
BASIC INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM
coordination between different metabolic pathways inside the body is called integration of metabolism. this presentation discuss about how metabolism can be regulated and integrated in liver, muscle and adipose tissue.
introduction of Purine and Pyrimidine metabolism, biosynthesis and degradation of nucleotides, biological functions and metabolic disorders, chemical analogues and therapeutic drugs, uric acid metabolism
Protein which are major component of our diet have amino acid as their precursor and also act as important energy source. Any imbalance in the metabolism of these amino acid cause disorders
Glycogenolysis, process by which glycogen, the primary carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscle cells of animals, is broken down into glucose to provide immediate energy and to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting. These slides will provide you detail explanation of Glycogenolysis.
In ureotelic organisms, the ammonia deposited in
the mitochondria of hepatocytes is converted to urea in
the urea cycle. This pathway was discovered in 1932 by
Hans Krebs (who later also discovered the citric acid cycle)
and a medical student associate, Kurt Henseleit.
Urea production occurs almost exclusively in the liver
and is the fate of most of the ammonia channeled there.
The urea passes into the bloodstream and thus to the
kidneys and is excreted into the urine. The production
of urea now becomes the focus of our discussion.
Intermediary metabolism BIOCHEMISTRY REVISION NOTES TONY SCARIA
BIOCHEMISTRY REVISION NOTES BASED ON LECTURE NOTES AND HIGH YEILD TOPIC
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
AMPHIBOLIC PATHWAY
OXALOACETATE
VITAMINS IN TCA CYCLE
BASIC INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM
coordination between different metabolic pathways inside the body is called integration of metabolism. this presentation discuss about how metabolism can be regulated and integrated in liver, muscle and adipose tissue.
Mary theresa maintenace and transport of cultures [autosaved]Mary Theresa
maintenance and transport of cultures
maintenance of cultures
agar slant culture
paraffin method
storage in saline suspension
preservation in sterile soil
preservation by drying in vaccum
cryopreservation
lyophilization
transport media
designed for undergraduate level teaching of nitrogen metabolism in biochemistry. this is first in the series of three lectures. ideal for MBBS level teaching
Fate of Glucogenic and Ketogenic amino acid
Amino acid are the currency of of nitrogen and protein economy of the host, hence they are used in many pathways beyond protein synthesis, including energy production and neurotransmitter synthesis.
All amino acid are comprised of an amino group and a carbon skeleton. During metabolism these two parts are separated as they have different ‘fates’
Of the liberated amino acid approximately 75% are utilized while remainder serve as precursors for important biological compound and those not utilized are degraded to amphibolic intermediates
The pathway of amino acid catabolism is quite similar in most organism
Amino acid oxidation and the production of urea,
Catabolic pathways for phenylalanine and tyrosine.
Summary of the glucogeneic and ketogenic amino acids.
disorders of amino acids
The urea cycle is the metabolic pathway that transforms nitrogen to urea for excretion from the body. Liver cells play a critical role in disposing of nitrogenous waste by forming urea hrough the action of the urea cycle.
Nitrogenous excretory products are then removed from the body through in the urine.
The urea excreted each day by a healthy adult (about 30 g) accounts for about 90% of the nitrogenous excretory products.
The cycle occurs mainly in the liver.
Fates of Amino Acids
🠶 Amino Acid Utilization
🠶 Amino-group metabolism
🠶 Explain role of transamination reactions in aa synthesis and identify vitamin essential for this reaction (tie in to urea cycle)
🠶 Describe interconversion between ketoacids and AA, including requirement of
pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor
🠶 Outline formation and transport of ammonia
🠶 Describe importance of reactions catalyzed by glutamine synthetase, glutaminase, and glutamate dehydrogenase
🠶 Ammonia Intoxication
🠶List causes for hyperammonemia, its consequences, and treatments to reduce blood ammonia levels
1. Overview of the flow of nitrogen in the biosphere. Nitrogen, nitrites and nitrates are acted upon by bacteria (nitrogen fixation) and plants and we assimilate these compounds as protein in our diets. Ammonia incorporation in animals occurs through the actions of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthase. Glutamate plays the central role in mammalian nitrogen flow, serving as both a nitrogen donor and nitrogen acceptor.
16. 4. As KetoGlut ↓, Oxaloacetate ↓ , CAC halts Absence of aerobic oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle activity Irreparable cell damage and neural cell death ensue. Electron Transport Chain Oxidative Phosphorylation
17. 5. Also, ↑ glutamate leads to glutamine formation by glutamine synthetase. depleting levels of glutamate ↓, which are needed in neural tissue since glutamate is both a neurotransmitter and a precursor for the synthesis of GABA. GABA is chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, it is directly responsible for the regulations of muscle tone in human. Therefore, ↓ glutamate affect energy production + neurotransmission. Neurotoxicity Associated with Ammonia
![Schematic of AA Catabolism(Breakdown) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Urea Cycle 1 2 3](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)