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Integrated Urban Water Management, by Kala Vairavamoorthy
The document discusses integrated urban water management (IUWM) as a necessary mindset for addressing the growing challenges of urban water supply in developing regions, particularly Africa and Asia. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach that integrates various water sources and management techniques, including the recycling and beneficial use of water, to cope with rapid urbanization. Moreover, it highlights the need for collaboration among various stakeholders to overcome political and institutional barriers to effective water management.
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Integrated Urban Water Management, by Kala Vairavamoorthy
- 1. Integrated Urban WaterManagement (IUWM) African Water Week Dakar 27th May 2014 Kala Vairavamoorthy Patel College of Global Sustainability UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA
- 2. ~2.5 Billion withoutaccess to improved sanitationd ~780 million without access to improved water Bad News: Developing World
- 3. Managing urban waterwill become more challenging in the future
- 4. • 155,000 personsper day • 90% in developing countries • ~90% in urban areas • ~850,000 per week in urban settings The Urban Arithmetic for 2050 Growing but also ‘Growing Up’
- 5. Source: UN (2003) Growthin emerging towns - Opportunity to do Things Differently
- 6. Source: World Bank(2010) World Development Report 2009 Reshaping Economic Geography , second edition, pp. 35 Opportunity to do Things In Africa and Asia
- 7. Shenzhen Fishing village of severalthousand City of 7 million – big in electronic manufacturing 1980 Today Rapid Urbanization in Africa and Asia
- 8. Need to thinkdifferently
- 9. IUWM is nota methodology but a mindset - a different way of thinking IntegrationProductive UseBeneficiation
- 10. Doing more withless ‘Integration the key’ Holistic systems approach to the urban watershed
- 11. Surface water Demand management Leakage management Stormwater/ Rainwater Black water Groundwater Greywater Productivity requires an integrated perspective of the urban water cycle
- 12. Integrated modelling allowsus to connect all flows with productive uses SURFACE WATER/GROUNDWATER/DESALINATION) WATER SUPPLY COMM/DOM/IND/USE IRRIGATION GREYWATER REUSE WASTEWATER TREATMENT RECEIVING BODY (SUSRFACE/GROUNDWATER) RAINWATER/ STORMWATER HARVESTING POTABLE WATER RAIN/STORMWATER GREY WATER BLACK WATER KEY RECLAIMED WATER
- 13. TransitioningExploring alternative urbanwater solutions to rapid population growth Water demand will at least double until 2035 NAIROBI
- 14. Typical solutions -import more water to meet growing needs • Unit costs of US$ 0.36/m3 NewGW Existing Demand (2010) 637X103 m3/d deficit New SW-1 New SW-2 Demand (2035)
- 15. Improving productivity measure reducesunit costs • Unit costs of US$ 0.31/m3 (cf. to 0.36) Demand (2035) New SW-1 Rainwater harvesting(Cluster) NewGW DemandMgt.Leakage Mgt. Greywater(Cluster) Demand (2010) 637X103 m3/d deficit
- 16. Further productivity measures canpostpone investments • Unit costs of US$ 0.40/m3 (cf. to 0.36) Rainwater harvesting(Cluster) NewGW DemandMgt.Leakage Mgt. Greywater(Cluster) Demand (2010) 637X103 m3/d deficit Reclaimwater(Cluster) Rainwater(HH) Greywater(Household) Demand (2035) 1.21 WN
- 17. It’s already happening:Namibia Reclaimed Dam Water Groundwater Domestic Consumers Industrial Irrig. -Parks WW Treatment 26% 66% 8% 45% 7% 6% 10% Unaccounted for Water WW Treatment Irrig. - Fodder River Reuse for Irrigation Reusefordrinkingwater Reclaimed (old) 13% 83% Consumed 38% 26% 90% Security through diversity
- 18. Conveyance Treatm.(pump) Treatm.(process) Local catchment ImportNEWater Desal Total 0.48 0.42 1.03 kwh/m3 0.56 4.09 NEWRI 2010 Unconventional water sources: more energy intensive
- 19. bank filtration, soil-aquifer treatment, constructedwetlands, hybrid systems Natural systems can help close the water cycle
- 20. River Natural systems canhelp close the water cycle $0.067/m3 (cf 0.28/m3) 0.012 -0.024 $/m3 (cf 0.05-0.15 $/m3) (0.17 $/m3) Lake Bank Filtration River Bank Filtration Primary Treatment and/or Constructed Wetlands Stabilization Ponds Water for Irrigation River Dam Reservoir Ecohydrology Low Energy – Water Efficient’ Closed Loop Soil Aquifer Treatment Artificial Recharge Recovery
- 21. Kibera Nairobi Dam Ngong River Greywater from unserviced households Pollutedrunoff from streets Overflow from pit latrines Flows from Kibera pollute Nairobi Dam No longer used as a water source
- 22. Cost for provisionof drainage and sanitation for Kibera • EAC US$ 1.0M Condominium sewers Condominium sewers DEWATS DEWATS Potential water resources after slum improvement • Yield 17,300m3/d • Cost of water (0.16$/m3) • US$800,000/year reduction SUDS SUDS Urban water infrastructure provision to Kibera benefit all of Nairobi Ben
- 23. Manage water supply,wastewater & stormwater together (one urban water cycle)……. and think creatively about what could be your water sources (and don’t focus on the obvious ones). Take home message (educate future urban leaders on the integrated perspective of the urban water cycle and contextualize each component of the water system within this perspective)
- 24. Need to recognizethat main challenges are political and institutional in nature Path to Implementation Political & Institutional Barriers Need collaboration, cooperation, and coordination between institutions
- 25. The water sectorcan’t do it alone Land planners Architects Developers Gov’t officials Financiers Energy experts
- 26. We need tobreak down barriers
- 27. Bogota, Colombia Issue: • pollutionof upper Rio Bogota (tanneries) Key players: • Association of tanners, Regulator, Local government, NGO, University,… Outcomes: • 1/2 of small enterprises implemented cleaner production principles removing 90% pollution
- 28. We need toput water in the minds of people?
- 29. Create a favorableenabling environment (institutional landscape, regulations etc.) that allows the effective and sustainable urban water management Take home message
- 30. Think about Harvesting Lookingfrom downstream up
- 31. Perspective of productiveuse and beneficiation Productive Use Beneficiation Quality B Quality A Quality C Grey water Brownwater Urine Solid waste Surface Water Ground Water Rain Water Energy Potable Water Reclaimed non-potable Industry Use Hygienized Sludge Nutrients Bioplastic
- 32. These perspectives leadto a more decentralized type of thinking? Decentralization well suited for: • Energy recovery (heat recovered and used close to source) • Minimizing energy consumption (for moving water) • Source separation (to maximize nutrient recovery) • Adjusted growth (to deal with rapid growing cities) • Increased resiliency (dampens the propagation of failures)
- 33. Water machine todeal with growing cities - Qingdao, China • 12,000 PE clusters • Source separation and water quality matched to intended use • Net energy positive Water Resource
- 34. Look for opportunitiesto create new paradigms (not extended old ones) Formalised Water System Small scale providers Growth Decentralized community based Expansion of existing system to serve new demand New demand
- 35. Qujiang New District Northlake South lake Associated wetland District wastewater treatment plant District wastewater network District storm water drainage (Secondary treatment) (Tertiary treatment) (Regulation lakes) Gardening Forestation Miscellaneous uses Car washing • New cluster for 10,000 PE • Environmental buffers used before reuse • Clusters boundaries determined through spatial optimization process Cities ring-fencing central core and decentralizing in new areas - Xi’an Xi’an Central
- 36. Cities ring-fencing centralcore and decentralizing in new areas - Xi’an Siyuan College • 18,000 students • Decentralized water and wastewater • 50% less potable water Xi’an Central
- 37. Quick growing emerging towns Exploringopportunities to do thinks differently in emerging cities UGANDA
- 38. C1 C2 C3 C4 C7 C6 C5 Look for opportunitiesto create new paradigms (not extended old ones)
- 39. Semi-centralized is cheaper? AverageAnnual Costs 3,787,000 US$ Average Annual Costs 5,148,000 US$
- 40. One size doesnot fit all – Different solutions for different drivers & applications Centralized Decentralized Cluster In SituSemi CentralizedLarge Scale A Continuum of Options EXTREME EVENTS – RESILIENT WATER SYSTEM
- 41. Driver for watermanagement should be beneficiation –maximize value added (institutions & regulations to support and not hinder) ‘All water is good water: fit for purpose’ Take home message (educate future urban leaders on all benefits of water – public health, aesthetics, economic development, green economy)
- 42. Transitioning Graph Theory TransitionSystems Existing System Future System Based on Old System Future System Totally New System Transitioning
- 43. 0 10 2030 40
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- 45. 0 10 2030 40
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- 51. 0 10 2030 40
- 52. 0 10 2030 40
- 53. 0 10 2030 40 Sempewo, J., Vairavamoorthy, K. and Grimshaw, F. (2010)
- 54. We need Championsof Change Train new urban leaders!
- 55. Training program needsto be holistic and promote integration Technology Selection Building Effective Institutions Stakeholder Engagement Economics and Finance IUWM Toolbox IUWM Diagnostics Water Balance Model
- 56. There are manytechnologies suited for developing countries – but what are they? What technologies exist to allow me to reuse & recycle? How can I capture nutrients from my water? What technologies will help me generate energy from my water? What technologies exist to help me harvest stormwater? What technologies will help me convert faecal sludge into money? ?????
- 57. Greywater Treatment:Household DEWATS Horizontal FlowWetlands Algal Culture Ponds: Harvest Micro-algae Fecal sludge into safe fertilizer: LaDePa machine (Durban) We need a catalogue to help us understand what technologies exist (and where/when to apply)
- 58. Medium Level forSenior Managers Expert Training for Managers & Practitioners A strategy that cascades change
- 59. Choices Before Us WhatYou Know.. What You Don’t Know.. What You Know.. Stay in Lane Business as Usual Try Harder Spend More for Traditional Sys Paradigm Shift Truly Different Approach
- 60. Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy vairavk@usf.edu Thank You GlobalChallenges, Global Research, Global Solutions