uoh_genetic_lesson01_presentation_v3.pptx

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Genetic engineering involves directly modifying an organism's genome to give it desirable traits. This creates genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Some key developments include the first GM bacteria in 1973 and the first commercial GMO, insulin-producing bacteria, in 1982. The genetic modification process can insert, replace, or remove genes to affect protein synthesis and traits. GMO bacteria are commonly used to produce hydrocarbons like plastics and fuels. Genetically engineered plants are used to address issues like world hunger by making crops insect-resistant, herbicide-tolerant, or have higher yields. Animals have been engineered to glow, grow fast, or produce less methane. However, there are also concerns about the risks of GMOs to human and

Science

What is the difference between
the mice in these two groups?

What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering is the direct modification of an organism’s genome,
which is the list of specific traits (genes) stored in the DNA.
Changing the genome
enables engineers to give
desirable properties to
different organisms.
Organisms created by
genetic engineering
are called genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

History of GMO Development
1973: created first genetically modified
bacteria
1974: created GM mice
1982: first commercial development of
GMOs (insulin-producing bacteria)
1994: began to sell genetically modified
food
2003: began to sell GMOs as pets
(Glofish)

What is the GMO process?
• All genetic changes affect the protein synthesis of the organism.
• By changing which proteins are produced, genetic engineers can affect
the overall traits of the organism.
• Genetic modification can be completed by a number of different
methods:
• Inserting new genetic
material randomly or in
targeted locations
• Direct replacement of
genes (recombination)
• Removal of genes
• Mutation of existing genes

GMO Bacteria
Bacteria are the most common GMOs because their simple structure
permits easy manipulation of their DNA.
One of the most interesting uses for genetically modified bacteria is the
production of hydrocarbons (plastics and fuels) usually only found in
fossil fuels.
• Cyanobacteria have been modified to produce plastic (polyethylene) and fuel
(butanol) as byproducts of photosynthesis
• E. Coli bacteria have been modified to produce diesel fuel

Engineering Plants
How might genetic engineering modify
plants to solve everyday problems?
(Consider world hunger, weather problems, insecticide pollution…)

Genetically Modified Crops
GMO crop production in the US (2010):
•93% of soybeans
•93% of cotton
•86% of corn
•95% of sugar beets
Example:
• One common modified crop is Bt-corn.
• A gene from the Bt bacteria is added so the corn produces a
protein that is poisonous to certain insects but not humans.

Banana Vaccines
Modified virus injected in
sapling tree causes the
bananas to contain virus
proteins
Venomous
Cabbage
Scorpion genes added to the
cabbage prevent insects
from eating it

Other Reasons to Genetically Modify Crops
•Insect resistant
•Herbicide resistant
•Drought/freeze resistant
•Disease resistant
•Higher yield
•Faster growth
•Improved nutrition
•Longer shelf life

Engineering Animals
Could genetic engineering be used to
modify any animals to solve
problems?

Bioluminescent Animals
Uses:
• Protein tracking
• Disease detection using bioluminescent
imaging (BLI) to identify different types of
cells
• Novelty pets (Glofish are available now)

Fast-Growing
Salmon
Genes from two other
fish cause this salmon to
continually produce
growth hormones
Less Smelly Cows
Modifying bacteria
responsible for methane
production in cattle results
in 25% less-flatulent cows

Could Spiderman Be Real?
Web-Producing
Goats
Spider genes in goats enable the
production of spider silk in goat
milk

GMO Concerns
What are some concerns regarding genetically
modified foods and animals?
• Risk to human health; unsafe to eat
• Harm to the environment and wildlife
• Increased pesticide and herbicide use
• Farmers’ health
• Seed and pollen drift
• Creation of herbicide-resistant super weeds
• What about genetic engineering in humans?
Nearly 50 countries around the world, including Australia, Japan and all of the
countries in the European Union, have enacted significant restrictions or full bans on
the production and sale of genetically modified organism food products, and 64
countries now have GMO labeling requirements.

The document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines genetic engineering as the direct modification of an organism's genome through techniques like inserting, replacing or removing genes. This allows scientists to modify traits and properties. Some key points: - The first GMOs created were bacteria in 1973, mice in 1974, and commercial GMO development began with insulin-producing bacteria in 1982. - Common GMO crops include 93% of soybeans, 93% of cotton and 86% of corn grown in the US. One example is Bt-corn which produces a protein toxic to insects. - GMOs can be engineered for traits like insect or drought resistance, higher yields and nutrition. Concer

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The document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines genetic engineering as the direct modification of an organism's genome through techniques like inserting, replacing or removing genes. This allows scientists to modify traits. Some key points: - The first GMOs were bacteria in 1973, mice in 1974, and commercial GMO development began with insulin-producing bacteria in 1982. - Common GMO crops include 93% of soybeans, 93% of cotton and 86% of corn grown in the US. One example is Bt-corn which produces a toxin harmful to insects. - GMOs can be engineered for traits like insect or herbicide resistance, increased yield, or improved nutrition. Concer

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The document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It begins by defining genetic engineering as the direct modification of an organism's genome through changing its DNA. This allows engineers to modify traits by changing which proteins are produced. The history of GMO development is outlined, beginning with the first genetically modified bacteria in 1973 and now including genetically modified foods and pets. Common methods to genetically modify organisms are described. Examples provided include bacteria modified to produce plastics and fuels through photosynthesis. Genetically engineered crops and their benefits are discussed, such as insect-resistant or herbicide-tolerant corn and soybeans. Potential uses of genetic engineering in other plants and animals are suggested to address problems like world hunger

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The document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines genetic engineering as directly modifying an organism's genome through techniques like inserting, replacing or removing genes. This allows engineers to modify traits. The history of GMO development is outlined, from the first genetically modified bacteria in 1973 to current uses of GMOs. Common genetic modification techniques are also described. Examples of genetically modified bacteria, plants, and animals are provided, such as bacteria that produce plastic or fuel, insect-resistant corn, and bioluminescent fish. Both benefits and concerns of GMOs are mentioned.

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The document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines genetic engineering as the direct modification of an organism's genome through techniques like inserting, replacing, or removing genes. This allows scientists to modify traits and properties. Some key points: - The first GMOs were bacteria in 1973, mice in 1974, and commercial GMO crops like insulin-producing bacteria in 1982. Now many common crops are genetically engineered. - Genetic engineering techniques can modify plants and animals for purposes like increasing yields, adding drought resistance, or producing useful compounds. However, some argue GMOs pose risks to health and the environment. - While genetic engineering has benefits, many countries restrict or ban GMO foods due

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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been used since the 1970s. Some key developments include the first genetically modified mouse in 1974 and the first genetically modified tomato for commercial use in 1994. GMOs are now used to increase crop yields and enhance food quality by making crops resistant to pests, diseases, drought, and salt. They have also been important for producing medicines like insulin and vaccines more cheaply. While GMOs provide benefits, some people worry about risks to human health and the environment. More research is still needed to fully understand both the advantages and disadvantages of GMOs.

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Genetically modified foods are derived from organisms that have had their DNA artificially altered to produce desired characteristics. Recombinant DNA technology is used to transfer genes between organisms, such as adding fish genes to tomatoes to allow them to survive frost. Potential benefits include increased crop yields, reduced pesticide use, and improved nutrition. However, there are also risks like unintended harm to human health from new allergens or to the environment. Government agencies regulate GM foods for safety but labeling is only required in some countries. Overall, GM foods could help address hunger but require cautious assessment of risks.

The document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines genetic engineering as the direct modification of an organism's genome through techniques like inserting, replacing or removing genes. This allows scientists to modify traits. Some key points: - The first GMOs were bacteria in 1973, mice in 1974, and commercial GMO development began with insulin-producing bacteria in 1982. - Common GMO crops include 93% of soybeans, 93% of cotton and 86% of corn grown in the US. One example is Bt-corn which produces a toxin harmful to insects. - GMOs can be engineered for traits like insect or herbicide resistance, increased yield, or improved nutrition. Concer

Genetic engineering slides

charlietheteacher

Genetic engineering Presentation pptx

MuhammadIbrahim362085

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The document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines genetic engineering as the direct modification of an organism's genome through techniques like inserting, replacing, or removing genes. This allows scientists to modify traits and properties. Some key points: - The first GMOs were bacteria in 1973, mice in 1974, and commercial GMO crops like insulin-producing bacteria in 1982. Now many common crops are genetically engineered. - Genetic engineering techniques can modify plants and animals for purposes like increasing yields, adding drought resistance, or producing useful compounds. However, some argue GMOs pose risks to health and the environment. - While genetic engineering has benefits, many countries restrict or ban GMO foods due

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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The production of GMOs involves identifying a gene of interest, amplifying it, and inserting it into an organism's genome. Common examples of GMOs include plants engineered for herbicide and pest resistance, golden rice with increased vitamin A, and bacteria used to produce insulin and vaccines. While GMOs may increase yields and benefit farmers, there are also concerns about their impacts on health and the environment as well as ethical issues.

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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have existed since the 1970s, when the first GMO bacteria resistant to antibiotics was created. Since then, scientists have genetically modified plants, animals, and other organisms. The two most common types of GMOs are foods like corn, soybeans, and canola that are modified for herbicide resistance or increased nutrients, and medicines like insulin or vaccines that are produced using genetically modified bacteria. While GMOs may increase yields and benefit farmers, they also raise environmental and health concerns.

genetic engineering

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This document summarizes information about genetic engineering. It defines genetic engineering as the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism to give it new traits. It provides examples of genetically engineered crops like plants resistant to insects or herbicides. It compares genetic engineering to traditional breeding and outlines the basic steps of genetic engineering including identifying the desired gene, cloning it, and inserting it into a recipient organism. It discusses advantages like medical and agricultural benefits and disadvantages like potential unknown environmental impacts. It provides examples of specific genetically engineered crops like golden rice and pesticide-resistant rape plants. It also discusses debates around the safety of GMOs.

GMO.pdf

SNEHA AGRAWAL GUPTA

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination".[1] A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Genetic modification can include the introduction of new genes or enhancing, altering, or knocking out endogenous genes. In some genetic modifications, genes are transferred within the same species, across species (creating transgenic organisms), and even across kingdoms. Creating a genetically modified organism is a multi-step process. Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism and combine it with other genetic elements, including a promoter and terminator region and often a selectable marker. A number of techniques are available for inserting the isolated gene into the host genome. Recent advancements using genome editing techniques, notably CRISPR, have made the production of GMOs much simpler. Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch, and the first plant was produced in 1983. In 1994, the Flavr Savr tomato was released, the first commercialized genetically modified food. The first genetically modified animal to be commercialized was the GloFish (2003) and the first genetically modified animal to be approved for food use was the AquAdvantage salmon in 2015.

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This document provides an overview of the application of biotechnology in different fields including food, medical, agriculture, and environmental biotechnology. Some key points: - Food biotechnology is used to genetically modify plants and animals for improved production, shelf life, nutrient composition, and drug delivery. Examples given are tomatoes with longer shelf life and golden rice engineered to produce vitamin A. - Medical biotechnology aims to prolong life through technologies like monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer, bioprocessing insulin from bacteria, stem cells for tissue regeneration, and tissue engineering of organs. - Agriculture biotechnology is applied through plant tissue culture to develop transgenic crops with desired traits like pest and stress resistance. - Environmental biotechnology addresses

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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This summary will discuss some key points about GMOs. GMOs have been engineered for agriculture to create crops that are resistant to herbicides, pests, and diseases in order to increase yields. They have also been engineered for scientific research and to create new colors and varieties of plants. While GMOs have potential benefits, there are also concerns about their safety and environmental impacts. Proper testing, regulation, and labeling are important to address these issues surrounding the use of GMO technology.

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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering. This presentation discusses the history and production of GMOs, including bacteria, plants, crops, and animals. GMOs are used for scientific research, food production, and medicine. Modern biotechnology allows scientists to directly modify DNA, unlike traditional breeding which takes longer and produces mixed results. The first GMO was created in 1973 by modifying bacteria, and since then GMOs have been developed for various purposes like producing human proteins and medicines, enhancing crop traits, and creating disease-resistant livestock.

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1. The document discusses genetically modified foods and provides details on various GM crops like golden rice, Bt corn, Bt cotton, papaya, and potatoes. 2. It explains the methods used to genetically modify crops, including selective breeding, mutagenesis, gene guns, RNA interference, and recombinant DNA techniques. 3. The document outlines some benefits of GM foods like insect resistance and drought tolerance, as well as concerns about potential human health effects and gene transfer.

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Genetically modified organisms are defined as organisms that have had their DNA altered in a way that does not occur naturally, such as by transferring genes between non-related species. The first GM plants and animals were created in the 1970s-1980s and included E. coli bacteria containing human genes and transgenic mice. Since then, many other GM crops have been developed including Bt cotton in 1996, which resisted lepidopteran insects without the need for pesticides. More recent developments include safflower plants producing human insulin in 2008 and poplar trees with altered cellulose and lignin levels in 2009. Overall, GM technology has allowed for the introduction of useful traits like increased yield, herbicide and pest resistance, and nutritional enhancements

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The document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their history, development, uses, and risks. It describes how GMOs are created through genetic engineering techniques and the purposes of modifying plants. Both potential benefits of GMOs include increased crop yields and disease resistance, while risks include unintended gene transfer and impact on other organisms. The document also reviews European Union regulations around GMOs.

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Genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms have potential risks and downsides according to the document. While genetic engineering has applications in agriculture and medicine, it can also have detrimental effects on humanity. Introducing foreign genes into other species can have uncontrolled and unpredictable consequences. Studies have shown genetically modified foods can be toxic and cause health issues in animals. Genetically engineered crops also have negative impacts on biodiversity and the environment by promoting the growth of pesticide-resistant superweeds and superbugs. The long-term effects of genetic engineering are uncertain due to its new and crude nature, making it a controversial technology that manipulates nature in ways bypassing normal evolution.

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This document discusses genetically modified crops and their potential benefits and risks. It begins by explaining what DNA is and how genetic engineering works to modify genes. Potential benefits of GM crops include improved nutrition, higher yields, pest and drought resistance. Examples given are golden rice with added vitamin A and Bt corn resistant to insects. However, there are also potential environmental risks like increased pesticide resistance in insects and loss of biodiversity. Gene transfer could also allow "superweeds" to develop. There are questions around possible human health impacts and economic issues of corporate control of seeds. The document concludes that whether GM foods are good or bad depends on weighing the case-by-case benefits against the costs and risks.

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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Common GMOs include crop plants and microbes. The genetic material is typically transferred between different species, which would not occur naturally. This allows for precise and fast introduction of traits compared to traditional breeding methods. While GMOs hold promise for increasing crop yields and producing medicines, there are also health and environmental safety concerns that require further research.

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