Q1C2L1 Types of Solutions general chemistry 2.pptx

1. Types of Solution
Chapter 2 │ Lesson 1

2. TYPES OF MIXTURES
HOMOGENOUS e.g. True solutions
HETEROGENOUS e.g. coarse and colloidal dispersions
• Homogeneity: something evenly distributed
• Heterogeneity: something not distributed evenly in space; a clump or
cluster (not a single phase as in case of colloidal and coarse
dispersion).

3. TYPES OF HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
• SUSPENSIONS
• A suspension is a mixture in which
particles of a material are dispersed
throughout a liquid or a gas but are
large enough that they settle out.
• The particles in a suspension are large
enough to scatter or block light. A
suspension can be separated by
passing it through a filter.

4. SUSPENSIONS
•Different components are in different phase,
such as solids in liquids or liquids in gases
•It is necessary to shake the substance before
using it

5. COLLOIDS
•Is a mixture in which the
particles are spread
throughout but are not large
enough to settle out.
•The particles are not as small
as those of a solution,
however are smaller than
those of a suspension

6. COLLOIDS
• Particles in a colloid are large enough to scatter light. A colloid cannot
be separated by passing it through a filter.

7. COLLOIDS
•Consists of two separated phases:
Disperse phase (or internal
phase) and a continuos phase (or
dispersion medium).
•May be solid, liquid or gas
•Some are translucent because of
the Tyndall Effect (which is the
scattering of light)

8. Solutions Colloids Suspensions
Homogeneous Heterogeneous Heterogeneous
Solution in which dispersoid or
consists of small molecules or
ions.
(Evenly distributed)
Solution in which dispersoid
consists of single large
molecule or group of small
molecule.
Solution in which dispersoid
consists of group of large
molecules. ( not evenly
distributed at all)
Particle size: 0.01-1 nm; can
be atoms, ions, molecules
Particle size: 1-1000 nm,
dispersed; can be combined or
large molecules
Particle size: over 1000 nm,
suspended; can be large
particles or combined
particles
Do not separate on standing Do not separate on standing Particles settle out
Do not scatter light Scatter light (Tyndall effect) May scatter light, but are not
transparent
They may pass through
ordinary as well as ultra filters.
They may pass through
ordinary filter but not usually
through ultra filters
Thy cant pass through
ordinary as well as ultra filters.
Examples:
1) Solution of Nacl in water.
2) Solution of glucose in
Examples:
1) Solution of satrch
2) Milk
Examples:
1) Pharmaceutical
suspension and emulsions

9. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
• You can distinguish the two or more phases.

10. Gases in Solution
•The solubility of liquids
and solids does not
change appreciably with
pressure.
•The solubility of a gas in
a liquid is directly
proportional to its
pressure.

11. Solutions
•Are mixtures
of two or more
substances
evenly
distributed
throughout a
single phase.
•A solution consists
of solute and
solvent.

12. Solute
• Is the substance dissolved in a
solution and is usually present
in smaller amount.
Solvent
•Is the dissolving
medium.

13. In a simple
sugar-water
solution;
The sugar is
the solute, the
water is the
solvent.

14. Definitions
• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or
more substances
OR
• A solution is a homogenous mixture of solute and
solvent.
OR
A solution is a homogenous mixture of two
substances but consisting of one phase.

15. • A solute is dissolved in a solvent.
• solute is the substance being dissolved
• solvent is the liquid in which the solute is dissolved
• an aqueous solution has water as solvent
• Binary solution: A homogenous mixture consisting of one phase and
containing only two components i.e. one solute and one solvent e.g.
Solution of Nacl in water.

16. •The components of a solution may be solid,
liquid, or gas. However, the resulting phase of a
solution normally depends on the phase of the
solvent.

17. •A solution can be classified
as unsaturated, saturated,
or supersaturated
depending on the quantity
of the solute present on it.

18. Unsaturated
solution

19. Saturated
solution
Contains the
maximum amount
of solute that the
solvent can dissolve
at a certain
temperature.

20. Supersaturated
solution
•Contains more
dissolved solute
than what is
present in the
saturated solution.

21. Types of Solutions: Based on physical states of
solute and solvent:
Gas
Gas Solid Smoke in air
Gas
Gas
liquid Water vapors in air

22. Science connections
• Kidney stones form when the urine
becomes super-saturated with
crystalline aggregates of highly
soluble calcium oxalate (Ca𝐶2 𝑂4),
uric acid, or calcium phosphate
[(𝐶𝑎3(𝑃𝑂4)2]. The stones can
migrate and deposit to the other
parts of the body. If the kidney
stones migrates from a kidney and
stays in the ureter, it can prevent
the flow of urine into the bladder.

23. Science connections
• As the kidney continues to
produce urine, pressure builds
up and causes the kidney and
ureter to swell, resulting in a
very painful spasm. This
increased pressure can
sometimes help move the stone
into the bladder and be excreted
as urine.