The document outlines the classification of organisms in biology, detailing the Linnaean system which organizes life into hierarchical groups from domain to species. It emphasizes the importance of binomial nomenclature for scientific naming and discusses the distinctions between various kingdoms, including the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Additionally, it touches on the use of cladograms and derived characters to illustrate evolutionary relationships among species.

1. The branch of biology concerned
with the classification of organisms
into groups based on similarities of
structure, origin, etc.

2. _______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Supermarkets

3. Dear King Philip
Came Over For
Good Soup

4. Taxonomic classification of organisms
(Linnean System)
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

6. Each KINGDOM is further classified into more specific groups,
much like addresses are organized into smaller categories.
Kingdom Country
Phylum Region
Class Province
Order Town
Family Neighborhood
Genus Street
Species House Number

7. SPECIES

8. Scientific name

9. Scientific name

10. 1750
• Grouped living things by their PHYSICAL TRAITS
• Grouped things into KINGDOMS
• Gave all living things a two-part name
• Provided a ‘universal language’ for scientists
when identifying organisms
BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE
Two Name Naming System

12. To write the scientific name
• The binomial name consists of a genus name and
specific epithet. The scientific names of species are
italicized. The genus name is always capitalized
and is written first; the specific epithet follows the
genus name and is not capitalized. There is no
exception to this.

14. Malus domestica

15. Mangifera indica

16. Canis lupus familiaris

17. Musa Acuminata

18. BACTERIA PROTIST FUNGUS PLANT ANIMAL
Number of Cells
(single/multi)
Single Single
(except algae)
Multi
(except yeast)
Multi Multi
Prokaryotic/
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic
Producer/Consumer Both Both Consumer
(decomposer)
Producer Consumer
Mobile/Non-mobile Both Both Non-
mobile
Non-
mobile
Mobile
Cell Wall
(yes/no)
Yes
(Cellulose)
No Yes
(Chitin)
Yes No

19. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Animal Chordate Mammal Primate Hominid Pan troglodytes

20. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Animal Chordate Mammal carnivore Felidae Pantera leo

21. Sunflower Wolf African
Elephant
Bullfrog Dog Mushroom
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

22. 1 2 3 4 5
KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata
CLASS Mammalia Mammailia Mammalia Mammailia Reptilia
ORDER Carnivora Cetacea Carnivora Cetacea Eusuchia
FAMILY Canidae Dolphinidae Hyaenidae Dolphinidae Cercapithecidae
GENUS Lycaun Tursiops Hyaena Orcinus Crocodylus
SPECIES pictus Aduncus brunnea orca acutus
1. The scientific name is made up of what two classification groups?
___________________________
2. What is the scientific name of organism 2? __________________________
3. Which two organisms are most closely related? _________________ Why?
4. Which two organisms share the most traits in common? ____________________
5. What organism is most distant from all the organisms listed? ________________
6. Organism C and A are related because they share the same___________________?
7. Organism E and A are related because they share the same____________________?
8. Explain why organism B is like a human.
9. What kind of organism is a Hyaena brunnea? ____________________________
a Trusiops aduncus? ___________________

23. Since the Linnaean system focuses on physical
similarities alone…molecular studies (genetic
sequences) are not considered.
Genetic similarities between two species are more
likely than physical similarities to show
___________________________________
COMMON ANCESTORY

24. Carl Woese
Revealed genetic differences in the
DNA sequences of organisms
Classified organisms into 3 DOMAINS
•BACTERIA
•ARCHAEA
•EUKARYA

26. Cladogram
• An evolutionary tree that suggests how species may be
related
• Over evolutionary time, certain traits in a group of species, or
clade, stay the same. Other traits change.

27. Derived Characters
• Derived characters are traits that are shared by some
species but not by others
• The more closely related species are, the more
derived characters they will share
• Derived characters
are shown as
hash marks

28. Nodes
• Each place where a branch splits is called a
node.
• Nodes represent the most recent common
ancestor shared by a clade.

29. What do the house cat and the turtle have in common?
What does the leopard have in common with the wolf?
What organisms are most closely related?

31. 1. ______ Dogs belong to the order Felidae.
2. ______ A fox belongs to the phylum Arthropoda.
3. ______ Snakes belong to the phylum Reptilia.
4. ______ Lions belong to the class mammalia
5. ______ All arthropods belong to the Class Insecta
6. ______ All rodents belong to the phylum chordata.
7. ______ All amphibians belong to the class reptilia.
8. _______ All primates are mammals.
9. _______ The class mammalia includes dogs, cats and rats.
10. ______ A lion belongs to the genus Felis.
11. ______ All mammals are primates.
12. ______ Insects and lobsters are arthropods.
In each set, circle the pair that is most closely related.
13. snakes & crocodiles | snakes & frogs
14. rats & cats | cats & dogs
15. insects & lobsters | insects & birds
16. lions & tigers | lions & cougars
17. foxes & rats | foxes & dogs
18. cats & dogs | cats & lions
19. List (use species name) all the animals pictured that belong in the Felidae family.
20. The image does not show orders of insects. Suggest three categories of insects that would likely be grouped into orders. Hint:
think about what kind of insects there are. Add your three categories to the image.
21. Bonus: Create an addition to the image given the following information.
a. Mollusks are divided into three classes: Class Cephalopoda (squids), Class Gastropoda (snails), Class Bivalve (clams
and oysters)
b. Cephalapods have a few orders, one of which is Octopoda (octopus) and and another is Teuthida (squids)
c. The scientific name for the common octopus is Octopus vulgaris.
d. The scientific name for the common european squid is Loligo vulgaris
INTERPRETING TAXONOMY GRAPHS

32. 1. a. Wings covered by a hard covering (exoskeleton)…….go to 2
b. Wings not covered by exoskeleton…….go to 3
2. a. Body is round shape……
b. Body is elongated……
Lady bug
Grasshopper
3. a. Wings point toward the back………
b. Wings point toward the sides….. Go to 4
Housefly
4. a. Wings are large and broad…….
b. Wings are long and thin…...
Butterfly
Dragonfly
A tool used to determine the identity of an organism

33. EXAMPLE OF A DICHOTOMOUS KEY
MONEY TAXONOMIC KEY
1 A. Metal....................................................go to 2
1 B. Paper....................................................go to 5
2 A. Brown (copper)........................................penny
2 B. Silver....................................................go to 3
3 A. Smooth edge...........................................nickel.
3 B. Ridges around the edge...............................go to 4
4 A. Torch on back..........................................dime
4 B. Eagle on back...........................................quarter

34. 1. a. Needle leaves go to 2
b. Non-needle leaves go to 3
2. a. Needles are clustered Pine
b. Needles are in singlets Spruce
3. a. Simple leaves (single leaf) go to 4
b. Compound leaves (made of “leaflets”) go to 7
4. a. Smooth edged go to 5
b. Jagged edge go to 6
5. a. Leaf edge is smooth Magnolia
b. Leaf edge is lobed White Oak
6. a. Leaf edge is small and tooth-like Elm
b. Leaf edge is large and thorny Holly
7. a. Leaflets are attached at one single point Chestnut
b. Leaflets are attached at multiple points Walnut
_____________
____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

35. Considering the levels of
classification, explain which
organisms share the most traits in
common?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
Considering the levels of
classification, explain which
organisms are most closely
related.
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________

36. DO YOU HAVE “CLASS”?
What are 2 reasons we classify things?
Who was the person who named organisms with a two-part naming system?
On what one aspect was the second classification system based?
What is the Latin term we use in our naming system to classify/identify organisms?
What are the 7 groups of classification, (from largest to smallest)?
Which group is the most broad? The most specific?
What two groups make up the scientific names of all organisms?
*For order / To find things more easily *To show how things are similar
Carolus Linnaeus
Specific Traits
Binomial Nomenclature
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
*Kingdom *Species
Genus and species