The presentation is about the introduction, usage, benefits and disadvantages of biological techniques through we are producing genetically modified foods
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination".[1] A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), including animals, plants, and microorganisms.
Genetic modification can include the introduction of new genes or enhancing, altering, or knocking out endogenous genes. In some genetic modifications, genes are transferred within the same species, across species (creating transgenic organisms), and even across kingdoms.
Creating a genetically modified organism is a multi-step process. Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism and combine it with other genetic elements, including a promoter and terminator region and often a selectable marker. A number of techniques are available for inserting the isolated gene into the host genome. Recent advancements using genome editing techniques, notably CRISPR, have made the production of GMOs much simpler. Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch, and the first plant was produced in 1983. In 1994, the Flavr Savr tomato was released, the first commercialized genetically modified food. The first genetically modified animal to be commercialized was the GloFish (2003) and the first genetically modified animal to be approved for food use was the AquAdvantage salmon in 2015.
Genetically modified foods are derived from organisms that have had their DNA artificially altered to produce desired characteristics. Recombinant DNA technology is used to transfer genes between organisms, such as adding fish genes to tomatoes to allow them to survive frost. Potential benefits include increased crop yields, reduced pesticide use, and improved nutrition. However, there are also risks like unintended harm to human health from new allergens or to the environment. Government agencies regulate GM foods for safety but labeling is only required in some countries. Overall, GM foods could help address hunger but require cautious assessment of risks.
This document provides an overview of biopharming, which uses agricultural plants to produce useful molecules for non-food applications. Biopharming aims to lower production costs of therapeutic molecules like enzymes by expressing genes in plants. Current research focuses on plant-made vaccines, antibodies, and proteins to treat diseases. Risks include contamination of the food supply or environment. Suggested safeguards include making biopharmed crops sterile or detectable. Future progress requires improving yields and stability while establishing reliable biosafety. Whether biopharmed crops are further developed will depend on regulation and public perception of risks.
This document provides an overview of biopharming, which uses agricultural plants to produce useful molecules for non-food applications. Biopharming aims to lower production costs of therapeutic molecules like enzymes by expressing genes in plants. Key points discussed include the history of biopharming, strategies like transient vs stable transformation, advantages of using plants, current industrial and pharmaceutical products, risks and concerns, and challenges and future directions of the field.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This summary will discuss some key points about GMOs. GMOs have been engineered for agriculture to create crops that are resistant to herbicides, pests, and diseases in order to increase yields. They have also been engineered for scientific research and to create new colors and varieties of plants. While GMOs have potential benefits, there are also concerns about their safety and environmental impacts. Proper testing, regulation, and labeling are important to address these issues surrounding the use of GMO technology.
This document provides an overview of biopharming, which is the use of plants to produce useful molecules for non-food applications. It discusses what biopharming is, why plants are used, current and evolving regulation, and risks and concerns. Specifically, it covers plant-made pharmaceuticals and industrial products, strategies for biopharming including plant expression systems and targeted tissues, examples of products on the market and in development, regulatory systems and guidelines, case studies, safeguard suggestions, alternatives, economics considerations, and directions for the future of this agricultural biotechnology.
Genetically modified organisms and limitationsZahra Naz
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The production of GMOs involves identifying a gene of interest, amplifying it, and inserting it into an organism's genome. Common examples of GMOs include plants engineered for herbicide and pest resistance, golden rice with increased vitamin A, and bacteria used to produce insulin and vaccines. While GMOs may increase yields and benefit farmers, there are also concerns about their impacts on health and the environment as well as ethical issues.
1) Biopharming involves genetically engineering plants and animals to produce pharmaceuticals. It offers lower production costs compared to traditional methods.
2) Early examples include cows modified in 1990 to produce human lactoferrin and tobacco plants in 1992 producing human serum albumin.
3) Methods include stable transgenic plants with genes integrated into nuclear or chloroplast genomes or transient expression systems using viral or Agrobacterium vectors. Genes are inserted and plants are harvested for protein extraction and purification.
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination".[1] A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), including animals, plants, and microorganisms.
Genetic modification can include the introduction of new genes or enhancing, altering, or knocking out endogenous genes. In some genetic modifications, genes are transferred within the same species, across species (creating transgenic organisms), and even across kingdoms.
Creating a genetically modified organism is a multi-step process. Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism and combine it with other genetic elements, including a promoter and terminator region and often a selectable marker. A number of techniques are available for inserting the isolated gene into the host genome. Recent advancements using genome editing techniques, notably CRISPR, have made the production of GMOs much simpler. Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch, and the first plant was produced in 1983. In 1994, the Flavr Savr tomato was released, the first commercialized genetically modified food. The first genetically modified animal to be commercialized was the GloFish (2003) and the first genetically modified animal to be approved for food use was the AquAdvantage salmon in 2015.
Genetically modified foods are derived from organisms that have had their DNA artificially altered to produce desired characteristics. Recombinant DNA technology is used to transfer genes between organisms, such as adding fish genes to tomatoes to allow them to survive frost. Potential benefits include increased crop yields, reduced pesticide use, and improved nutrition. However, there are also risks like unintended harm to human health from new allergens or to the environment. Government agencies regulate GM foods for safety but labeling is only required in some countries. Overall, GM foods could help address hunger but require cautious assessment of risks.
This document provides an overview of biopharming, which uses agricultural plants to produce useful molecules for non-food applications. Biopharming aims to lower production costs of therapeutic molecules like enzymes by expressing genes in plants. Current research focuses on plant-made vaccines, antibodies, and proteins to treat diseases. Risks include contamination of the food supply or environment. Suggested safeguards include making biopharmed crops sterile or detectable. Future progress requires improving yields and stability while establishing reliable biosafety. Whether biopharmed crops are further developed will depend on regulation and public perception of risks.
This document provides an overview of biopharming, which uses agricultural plants to produce useful molecules for non-food applications. Biopharming aims to lower production costs of therapeutic molecules like enzymes by expressing genes in plants. Key points discussed include the history of biopharming, strategies like transient vs stable transformation, advantages of using plants, current industrial and pharmaceutical products, risks and concerns, and challenges and future directions of the field.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This summary will discuss some key points about GMOs. GMOs have been engineered for agriculture to create crops that are resistant to herbicides, pests, and diseases in order to increase yields. They have also been engineered for scientific research and to create new colors and varieties of plants. While GMOs have potential benefits, there are also concerns about their safety and environmental impacts. Proper testing, regulation, and labeling are important to address these issues surrounding the use of GMO technology.
This document provides an overview of biopharming, which is the use of plants to produce useful molecules for non-food applications. It discusses what biopharming is, why plants are used, current and evolving regulation, and risks and concerns. Specifically, it covers plant-made pharmaceuticals and industrial products, strategies for biopharming including plant expression systems and targeted tissues, examples of products on the market and in development, regulatory systems and guidelines, case studies, safeguard suggestions, alternatives, economics considerations, and directions for the future of this agricultural biotechnology.
Genetically modified organisms and limitationsZahra Naz
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The production of GMOs involves identifying a gene of interest, amplifying it, and inserting it into an organism's genome. Common examples of GMOs include plants engineered for herbicide and pest resistance, golden rice with increased vitamin A, and bacteria used to produce insulin and vaccines. While GMOs may increase yields and benefit farmers, there are also concerns about their impacts on health and the environment as well as ethical issues.
1) Biopharming involves genetically engineering plants and animals to produce pharmaceuticals. It offers lower production costs compared to traditional methods.
2) Early examples include cows modified in 1990 to produce human lactoferrin and tobacco plants in 1992 producing human serum albumin.
3) Methods include stable transgenic plants with genes integrated into nuclear or chloroplast genomes or transient expression systems using viral or Agrobacterium vectors. Genes are inserted and plants are harvested for protein extraction and purification.
This document provides an overview of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines GMOs as organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Examples given include plants, microorganisms, fish, and mammals. The document then describes the production process of genetic modification, which involves inserting or deleting genes, and explains that the principle objective is to add new genetic material. Several existing models of GMOs are mentioned, including transgenic plants, GM crops, microbes, fish, and mammals. The pros and cons of genetic engineering are briefly discussed.
Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically modified using genetic engineering techniques to introduce new traits. The goal is to insert desirable genes from other organisms to produce crops with improved traits like pest or disease resistance, increased yield, or tolerance to environmental stresses. Some examples of transgenic crops include insect-resistant corn and cotton, herbicide-resistant soybeans, and golden rice which is enriched with vitamin A. While transgenic crops offer advantages to farmers and consumers, some concerns exist around their impact on human health, the environment, and traditional farming practices. Ongoing research continues to assess both the promises and risks of this emerging agricultural technology.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering. This presentation discusses the history and production of GMOs, including bacteria, plants, crops, and animals. GMOs are used for scientific research, food production, and medicine. Modern biotechnology allows scientists to directly modify DNA, unlike traditional breeding which takes longer and produces mixed results. The first GMO was created in 1973 by modifying bacteria, and since then GMOs have been developed for various purposes like producing human proteins and medicines, enhancing crop traits, and creating disease-resistant livestock.
This document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines GMOs as organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering, including plants, animals, microbes, and foods. The document outlines the process of genetic modification involving inserting or deleting genes. It describes existing GMO models like transgenic plants engineered for research or improved crops, microbes used to produce medicines, and genetically engineered animals and fish used for research. The document also compares genetic engineering to traditional breeding and discusses both the pros and cons of genetic engineering.
Edible vaccine production through genetic engineering.pptxSarathS586768
This presentation will teach you how edible vaccines are made, as well as their benefits and drawbacks. You will also learn how biotechnological approaches are used to produce Blue Roses and Orange Petunia.
This document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines GMOs as organisms whose genetic material has been altered through genetic engineering techniques. The document then describes how GMOs are produced through inserting or deleting genes from different species. It provides examples of genetically modified plants, microbes, mammals, and fish that have been created for various purposes like producing useful goods, scientific research, and improved crops. The document also discusses the principles of genetic engineering compared to traditional breeding and lists some pros and cons of genetic modification.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering. This document discusses what GMOs are, how they are produced through inserting or deleting genes, and some existing models including crops, microbes, mammals, and fish. The principles and objectives of genetic engineering are outlined, such as adding new genetic material. Both the pros and cons of GMOs are discussed. Benefits include production of useful goods like pharmaceuticals, while risks include unpredictable effects and disruption of natural genetic information.
Biotechnology is any technology that uses living organisms or their components to make or modify products. It includes techniques such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, molecular markers, and gene cloning. Biotechnology has applications in agriculture, medicine, industry and the environment. It can be used to develop crops with improved traits like disease resistance, increase food production to meet growing demand, produce industrial enzymes and biodegradable plastics, and help clean the environment through bioremediation. Biotechnology will be important for sustainably increasing food production to feed the growing population in the Philippines.
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination". A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), from animals to plants and microorganisms.
The document discusses various applications of tissue culture and genetic engineering in crop improvement. It provides examples of transgenic plants developed with improved nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and for producing pharmaceuticals. Specifically, it describes the development of golden rice with enhanced vitamin A content and Bt crops with insect resistance. The use of genetic engineering to develop herbicide and disease resistant crops as well as plants with enhanced traits like drought and salt tolerance is also covered.
Applications of genetic engineering techniques in agriculture byB. DEVADATHAB.Devadatha datha
Genetic engineering techniques can be used to improve plants for agriculture. Methods like Agrobacterium transfer and biolistic bombardment are used to insert genes. This allows traits like insect and disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, nutritional enhancement, and more. However, there are also risks to the environment and human health that must be considered through safety testing and regulation. While GM crops have potential benefits, caution is needed to avoid unintended harm.
Plant Genetic engineering ,Basic steps ,Advantages and disadvantagesTessaRaju
plant genetic engineering,first genetically engineered crop plant,first genetically engineered foods,genome editing,uses of GE,transgenic plants,basic process of plant genetic enginering,advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering.
Genetic engineering techniques can be used to improve plants for agriculture. Methods like Agrobacterium transfer and biolistic bombardment are used to insert genes. This allows traits like insect and disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, nutritional enhancement, and more. However, there are also risks to the environment and human health that must be considered through safety testing and regulation. While GM crops have potential benefits, caution is needed to avoid unintended harm.
1. The document discusses genetically modified foods and provides details on various GM crops like golden rice, Bt corn, Bt cotton, papaya, and potatoes.
2. It explains the methods used to genetically modify crops, including selective breeding, mutagenesis, gene guns, RNA interference, and recombinant DNA techniques.
3. The document outlines some benefits of GM foods like insect resistance and drought tolerance, as well as concerns about potential human health effects and gene transfer.
This document provides information about a lecture on the introduction to basic biotechnology and its importance, prospects, scope and limitations in horticulture. The key points covered are:
1) Biotechnology can help meet the increasing global demand for food through techniques like genetic engineering that allow for direct gene transfer and faster crop improvement compared to conventional breeding.
2) Genetic engineering is being used to develop horticultural crops with traits like pest and disease resistance, higher yields, improved quality and processing. However, it is not part of organic farming.
3) Techniques discussed that are useful in horticultural crop improvement include tissue culture, embryo culture, protoplast fusion, in vitro mutation, synthetic seeds,
This document discusses the application of biotechnology in the food, pharmaceutical, and agriculture industries. It provides examples of how biotechnology is used in food processing, such as developing new emulsifiers and tests for food allergens. In pharmaceuticals, biotechnology has been used to develop vaccines, insulin, blood products, and gene therapies. In agriculture, biotechnology can be applied to increase pest resistance, disease resistance, nutritional quality, and environmental stress tolerance in crops. Genetically modified crops are also discussed.
This document discusses the application of biotechnology in the food, pharmaceutical, and agriculture industries. It provides examples of how biotechnology is used in food processing, such as developing new emulsifiers and tests for food allergens. In pharmaceuticals, biotechnology has been used to develop vaccines, insulin, blood products, and gene therapies. In agriculture, biotechnology can be applied to increase pest resistance, disease resistance, nutritional quality, and environmental stress tolerance in crops. Genetically modified crops are also discussed.
This presentation highlights some important facts about biotechnology in relationship to plants. it lay emphasis on some factors associated with biotechnology, the importance of it and the negative impact as well.
Genetically modified organisms are defined as organisms that have had their DNA altered in a way that does not occur naturally, such as by transferring genes between non-related species. The first GM plants and animals were created in the 1970s-1980s and included E. coli bacteria containing human genes and transgenic mice. Since then, many other GM crops have been developed including Bt cotton in 1996, which resisted lepidopteran insects without the need for pesticides. More recent developments include safflower plants producing human insulin in 2008 and poplar trees with altered cellulose and lignin levels in 2009. Overall, GM technology has allowed for the introduction of useful traits like increased yield, herbicide and pest resistance, and nutritional enhancements
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
This document provides an overview of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines GMOs as organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Examples given include plants, microorganisms, fish, and mammals. The document then describes the production process of genetic modification, which involves inserting or deleting genes, and explains that the principle objective is to add new genetic material. Several existing models of GMOs are mentioned, including transgenic plants, GM crops, microbes, fish, and mammals. The pros and cons of genetic engineering are briefly discussed.
Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically modified using genetic engineering techniques to introduce new traits. The goal is to insert desirable genes from other organisms to produce crops with improved traits like pest or disease resistance, increased yield, or tolerance to environmental stresses. Some examples of transgenic crops include insect-resistant corn and cotton, herbicide-resistant soybeans, and golden rice which is enriched with vitamin A. While transgenic crops offer advantages to farmers and consumers, some concerns exist around their impact on human health, the environment, and traditional farming practices. Ongoing research continues to assess both the promises and risks of this emerging agricultural technology.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering. This presentation discusses the history and production of GMOs, including bacteria, plants, crops, and animals. GMOs are used for scientific research, food production, and medicine. Modern biotechnology allows scientists to directly modify DNA, unlike traditional breeding which takes longer and produces mixed results. The first GMO was created in 1973 by modifying bacteria, and since then GMOs have been developed for various purposes like producing human proteins and medicines, enhancing crop traits, and creating disease-resistant livestock.
This document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines GMOs as organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering, including plants, animals, microbes, and foods. The document outlines the process of genetic modification involving inserting or deleting genes. It describes existing GMO models like transgenic plants engineered for research or improved crops, microbes used to produce medicines, and genetically engineered animals and fish used for research. The document also compares genetic engineering to traditional breeding and discusses both the pros and cons of genetic engineering.
Edible vaccine production through genetic engineering.pptxSarathS586768
This presentation will teach you how edible vaccines are made, as well as their benefits and drawbacks. You will also learn how biotechnological approaches are used to produce Blue Roses and Orange Petunia.
This document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines GMOs as organisms whose genetic material has been altered through genetic engineering techniques. The document then describes how GMOs are produced through inserting or deleting genes from different species. It provides examples of genetically modified plants, microbes, mammals, and fish that have been created for various purposes like producing useful goods, scientific research, and improved crops. The document also discusses the principles of genetic engineering compared to traditional breeding and lists some pros and cons of genetic modification.
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering. This document discusses what GMOs are, how they are produced through inserting or deleting genes, and some existing models including crops, microbes, mammals, and fish. The principles and objectives of genetic engineering are outlined, such as adding new genetic material. Both the pros and cons of GMOs are discussed. Benefits include production of useful goods like pharmaceuticals, while risks include unpredictable effects and disruption of natural genetic information.
Biotechnology is any technology that uses living organisms or their components to make or modify products. It includes techniques such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, molecular markers, and gene cloning. Biotechnology has applications in agriculture, medicine, industry and the environment. It can be used to develop crops with improved traits like disease resistance, increase food production to meet growing demand, produce industrial enzymes and biodegradable plastics, and help clean the environment through bioremediation. Biotechnology will be important for sustainably increasing food production to feed the growing population in the Philippines.
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination". A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), from animals to plants and microorganisms.
The document discusses various applications of tissue culture and genetic engineering in crop improvement. It provides examples of transgenic plants developed with improved nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and for producing pharmaceuticals. Specifically, it describes the development of golden rice with enhanced vitamin A content and Bt crops with insect resistance. The use of genetic engineering to develop herbicide and disease resistant crops as well as plants with enhanced traits like drought and salt tolerance is also covered.
Applications of genetic engineering techniques in agriculture byB. DEVADATHAB.Devadatha datha
Genetic engineering techniques can be used to improve plants for agriculture. Methods like Agrobacterium transfer and biolistic bombardment are used to insert genes. This allows traits like insect and disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, nutritional enhancement, and more. However, there are also risks to the environment and human health that must be considered through safety testing and regulation. While GM crops have potential benefits, caution is needed to avoid unintended harm.
Plant Genetic engineering ,Basic steps ,Advantages and disadvantagesTessaRaju
plant genetic engineering,first genetically engineered crop plant,first genetically engineered foods,genome editing,uses of GE,transgenic plants,basic process of plant genetic enginering,advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering.
Genetic engineering techniques can be used to improve plants for agriculture. Methods like Agrobacterium transfer and biolistic bombardment are used to insert genes. This allows traits like insect and disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, nutritional enhancement, and more. However, there are also risks to the environment and human health that must be considered through safety testing and regulation. While GM crops have potential benefits, caution is needed to avoid unintended harm.
1. The document discusses genetically modified foods and provides details on various GM crops like golden rice, Bt corn, Bt cotton, papaya, and potatoes.
2. It explains the methods used to genetically modify crops, including selective breeding, mutagenesis, gene guns, RNA interference, and recombinant DNA techniques.
3. The document outlines some benefits of GM foods like insect resistance and drought tolerance, as well as concerns about potential human health effects and gene transfer.
This document provides information about a lecture on the introduction to basic biotechnology and its importance, prospects, scope and limitations in horticulture. The key points covered are:
1) Biotechnology can help meet the increasing global demand for food through techniques like genetic engineering that allow for direct gene transfer and faster crop improvement compared to conventional breeding.
2) Genetic engineering is being used to develop horticultural crops with traits like pest and disease resistance, higher yields, improved quality and processing. However, it is not part of organic farming.
3) Techniques discussed that are useful in horticultural crop improvement include tissue culture, embryo culture, protoplast fusion, in vitro mutation, synthetic seeds,
This document discusses the application of biotechnology in the food, pharmaceutical, and agriculture industries. It provides examples of how biotechnology is used in food processing, such as developing new emulsifiers and tests for food allergens. In pharmaceuticals, biotechnology has been used to develop vaccines, insulin, blood products, and gene therapies. In agriculture, biotechnology can be applied to increase pest resistance, disease resistance, nutritional quality, and environmental stress tolerance in crops. Genetically modified crops are also discussed.
This document discusses the application of biotechnology in the food, pharmaceutical, and agriculture industries. It provides examples of how biotechnology is used in food processing, such as developing new emulsifiers and tests for food allergens. In pharmaceuticals, biotechnology has been used to develop vaccines, insulin, blood products, and gene therapies. In agriculture, biotechnology can be applied to increase pest resistance, disease resistance, nutritional quality, and environmental stress tolerance in crops. Genetically modified crops are also discussed.
This presentation highlights some important facts about biotechnology in relationship to plants. it lay emphasis on some factors associated with biotechnology, the importance of it and the negative impact as well.
Genetically modified organisms are defined as organisms that have had their DNA altered in a way that does not occur naturally, such as by transferring genes between non-related species. The first GM plants and animals were created in the 1970s-1980s and included E. coli bacteria containing human genes and transgenic mice. Since then, many other GM crops have been developed including Bt cotton in 1996, which resisted lepidopteran insects without the need for pesticides. More recent developments include safflower plants producing human insulin in 2008 and poplar trees with altered cellulose and lignin levels in 2009. Overall, GM technology has allowed for the introduction of useful traits like increased yield, herbicide and pest resistance, and nutritional enhancements
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
2. TRANSGENIC PLANTS:
Terms To Know
TRANSGENE:
It is foreign gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally or by any of number of
genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another.
TRANSGENESIS:
The phenomenon of introduction of exogenous DNA into the genome to create and maintain a stable
and heritable character.
TRANSGENIC PLANTS:
The plant whose genome is altered by adding one or more transgenesare known as transgenic plants.
3. HISTORY:
• 1st transgenic plant produced which is an antibiotic
resistance tobacco plant.
1982
• 1st successful plant genetic engineering experiments
using caulimovirus vector.
1984
• 1st genetically modified crop approved for sale in U.S
was FlavrSavr tomato.
1994
• 1st pesticide producing crop,Bt Potato was approved by
U.S Environmental Protection Agency .
1995
• 1st genetically modified flower Moondust ,bluish
colored camation ,was introduced .
1996
• Golden rice with beta-carotene developed with
increased nutrient value.
2000
5. WHY DO WE NEED TRANSGENIC
PLANTS?
• Improvement of agriculture value of plant (resistance to insect attack)
• Living bioreactor ->Produce specific protein
• Studying action of genes during development or other biological
process
9. Advantages And Disadvantages Of
Transgenic Plants
Advantages
• Plants cells are totipotent-
>whole plant can be regenerated
from a single cell
• Plants have many off springs -
>rare combinations and mutation
can be founded
Disadvantages
• Plant regenerating from single
cells or not genetically
homogenous(genetically
instable)
• Large genomes (polypoid-
>presence of many genomes in
one cell)
10. Transgenic Crops:
• A transgenic crop is a genetically modified organism (GMO).
• Transgenic indicates that a transfer of genes has occurred using
recombinant DNA technology.
• Generally a transgenic crop contains one or more genes that have
been inserted artificially either from an unrelated plant or from
different species altogether.
11. Gene Guns:
• Gene guns (also known as biolistics) "shoot” target
genes into plant cells.
• DNA is bound to tiny particles of gold or tungsten
which are subsequently shot into plant tissue or single
plant cells under high pressure. The accelerated
particles penetrate both the cell wall and membranes.
• The DNA separates from the metal and is integrated
into plant DNA inside the nucleus. This method has
been applied successfully for many cultivated crops,
especially monocots like wheat or maize.
• The major disadvantage of this procedure is that
serious damage can be done to the cellular tissue.
13. Advantages of Transgenic Crops:
Transgenic crops are developed according to needs of human beings and to
protect from the harmful organisms. So, majorly it has benefits like:
• Transgenic crops are resistant to various diseases and reduce the investment
cost on chemicals and more labor force.
• High product yielding in lesser time and also reduces the food scarcity.
• Advanced farming techniques are developed.
• Some African countries are facing nutritious food scarcity, to avoid such
problems crops are modified to more nutrients by genetic transformation.
• These transgenic crops can be stored for long time due to its increased
resistance to spoilage.
• These crops can also grow under drought conditions.
14. What are GM Foods?
• GM Foods (genetically modified foods) also known as
genetically engineered foods or bioengineered foods.
• Produce from such organisms whom DNA is altered
through genetic engineering.
• Involves the insertion of DNA from one organism into
another.
15. History
• In 1946 scientist discover that DNA can transfer
between organisms.
• In 1994 first GM plant approved for food use was
Flavr Savr tomato.
• In 2015 first GM animal approved for food use was
Aqu Advantage Salmon
16. Process:
• At first scientist need an organism which contain the gene of interest.
• Then they extract the DNA from that organism.
• Then with the help of gene cloning, they isolate the gene of interest
from DNA.
• Then they modify that gene in the labs.
• Newly modified transgene is ready to insert in the targeted organism.
• This is done by two methods.
17. • Agrobacterium:
A type of bacterium which can naturally transfer
transgenes
to the nucleus of targeted organism.
• Genegun:
It shoots the golden particle coated with copies of transgene .
If the transgene is successfully integrated then a new organism with such
trait will grown.
• Here the genetic engineering is done .
• These transgenic organisms are handed over the breeders .So they breed it
with other such organisms in more traditional ways, to select for other
desirable traits.
20. Advantages and disadvantages of GM foods:
Advantages
• GM crops use less water.
• They take less land to grow more
food.
• They can save core crops from
extinction.
• They can conserve energy ,soil
and water resources.
Disadvantages
• There may be an increased risk
of allergies and
food intolerance.
• Animal protein could be affected
by them.
• They encourages use of
additional herbicides.
• They can contaminate other
fields.
22. • What is biopharming?
• Why use plants?
• Current and evolving regulation
• What are the risks and concerns?
23. What is biopharming?
• The use of agricultural plants for the production of useful molecules
for non food, feed or fiber applications. (also called molecular
farming, pharming, or biopharming)
• Plants are already grown to produce valuable molecules, including
many drugs.
• Biopharming is different because the plants are genetically engineered
(GE) to produce the molecules we want them to.
24. Plant Products:
1. Plant derived pharmaceuticals (non-GE)
• Over 120 pharmaceutical products currently in use are derived from
plants. Mainly from tropical forest species (e.g. Taxol from Yew trees)
2. Plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs) and industrial products (PMIP)
(GE)
26. Strategies for Biopharming:
1.Plant gene expression strategies
• Transient transformation
• adv. – quick and easy production
• disadv. – small amount of product, processing pblms
• Stable transformation
• adv. – use for producing large quantities of protein, stability and storage
• disadv – gene flow - outcrossing w/native species
• Chloroplast transformation
• adv. – reduce gene flow through pollen
• disadv. – protein not stable for long periods of time therefore complications
w/extraction/processing times
27. Strategies for Biopharming:
2. Location of transgene expression
Protein quantity and preservation
• Whole plant
• adv. - an obtain large am ts of protein
• disadv. - problems w/preservation
• examples - tobacco, alfalfa, duckweed
• Target specific tissues (e.g. seed, root)
• adv. - high amts of protein in seed/root, long-term storage capability.
• examples: soy, corn, rice, barley
28. Strategies for Biopharming:
3. Selection of plant species and characteristics
• Mode of reproduction – self/outcrossing
• Yield, harvest, production, processing
29. Why use plants?
Advantages
Cost reduction
- scalability (e.g. Enbrel® )
- low/no inputs
- low capital cost
Stability
- storage
Safety
- eukaryotic production system
- free of animal viruses (e.g. BSE)
Disadvantages
Environment contamination
- gene flow
- wildlife exposure
Food supply contamination
-mistaken/intentional mixing
w/human food
Health safety concerns
-Variable, case-specific
30. Industrial products on the market:
Avidin by Sigma
• transgenic corn
• traditionally isolated from chicken egg whites
• used in medical diagnostics
GUS (b-glycuronidase) by Sigma
• transgenic corn
• traditionally isolated from bacterial
sources (E.Coli)
• used as visual marker in research labs
Trypsin by Sigma
• transgenic corn
• traditionally isolated from bovine pancreas
• variety of applications, including biopharmaceutical processing
• first large scale transgenic plant product
• Worldwide market = US$120 million in 2004
31. Plant-made Pharmaceuticals (PMPs):
• Plant- made vaccines (edible vaccines)
• Plant-made antibodies (plantibodies)
• Plant-made therapeutic proteins and intermediates
Unlike PMIPs, no PMPS are currently available on the market
32. Edible vaccines:
Advantages:
Administered directly
• no purification required
• no hazards assoc. w/injections
Production
• may be grown locally, where needed most
• no transportation costs
Naturally stored
• no need for refrigeration or special storage
33. Examples of edible vaccines under development:
• pig vaccine in corn
• HIV-suppressing protein in spinach
• human vaccine for hepatitis B in potato
34. Plantibodies:
• Plantibodies - monoclonal antibodies produced in plants
• Plants used include tobacco, corn, potatoes, soy, alfalfa, and rice
• Free from potential contamination of mammalian viruses
• Examples: cancer, dental caries, herpes simplex virus, respiratory
syncytial virus
35. Therapeutic proteins and intermediates:
• Blood substitutes – human hemoglobin
• Proteins to treat diseases such as CF, HIV, Hypertension, Hepatitis
B…..many others
36. Risks and Concerns:
Environment contamination
• Gene flow via pollen
• Non-target species near field sites e.g. butterflies, bees, etc
Food supply contamination
• Accident, intentional, gene flow
Health safety concerns
• Non-target organ responses
• Side-effects
• Allergenicity
37. Biopharm Opposition:
Main concern is containment.
Opponents want:
• a guarantee of 0% contamination of the food supply.
• full disclosure of field trials, crop, gene, location, etc.
• an extensive regulatory framework
38. Suggested Safeguards for biopharm
operations:
1. Physical differences
• e.g. “purple” maize, GFP
2. Sterility
• male sterile plants
• terminator technology
3. Easily detectable by addition of ‘reporter genes’
• e.g. PCR markers
39. Alternatives to biopharming?
Use only traditional drug production systems
• microbial, yeast and fungi
• mammalian cell culture
Use only fully contained production systems:
• plant cell cultures
• hydroponics (rhizosecretion)
• greenhouses
Use non-food crops
• tobacco
• hemp/cannabis
40. Future directions for agricultural
biotechnology:
Science has developed genetically enhanced crops and has/can develop
plant-made industrial and pharmaceuticals crops.
The extent to which these crops will be further developed for
commercial and/or humanitarian use will ultimately depend on…..
Public perception of
risk
Regulation
42. Importance of Plasmids:
• Plasmids are relatively small DNA sequences that can self replicate
• Exist independent
• Plasmids often carry antibiotic resistance genes that makes them
selectable
• They can be genetically modified - cut at specific locations using
restriction enzymes, and new DNA sequences included
43. Plasmids in plant biotechnology:
• In plant biotechnology recombinant plasmid vectors carrying genes
from other species with plant promoters have been used to
successfully transform plants so that they produce the foreign protein
• You may have heard of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
• Everything from resistance to herbicides, insect pathogens, over
production of certain chemicals, modified fruit, the list goes on, have
been achieved.
44. Agrobacterium Tumefaciens:
• A single strand of the T-DNA complex is
transferred, along with the vir genes, to
the plant cell nucleus, where it is
inserted and expressed.
• The T-DNA of A. tumefaciens contains
genes encoding enzymes related to the
biosynthesis of cytokinin and auxins,
which cause the uncontrolled production
of transformed cells, leading to formation
48. Antisense technology:
• Flavr SavrTM tomato
introduced in 1994
• Scientists isolated the PG gene,
produced a complementary
gene which produces a
complementary mRNA that
binds to the normal mRNA
inactivating the normal mRNA
for this enzyme
This is because ripe tomatoes normally produce the
enzyme polygalacturonase (PG), a chemical substance
that digests pectin in the wall of the plant
49. • Plant Biotechnology will save the
hunger people
• Soon it will be possible ti grow corn
in dry conditions without worrying
about insect and pests as well as
growing and maturing at an
astounding rate making it possible to
get more than one crop per season
Why we need it ????
The Future: From Pharmaceuticals
to Fuel
Herbicide resistance
Enhanced Nutrition
50. Scope of Plants Biotechnology In Pakistan:
Plants Biotechnology In Food and Agriculture.
• There are TWO types of food
• Fermented (pickles, yoghurt)
• Malted (powered milk, wheat)
• These food are produces by using bacteria and micro-organism
through Biotechnology.
• The development and release of the commercial transgenic crops is the
widely application of plant Biotechnology.
• It insert gene, make plant body strong that protect them from
herbicides attack and infection. As a result better yield is produced.
51. Plant biotechnology in Medicine.
• By using plant biotechnology, we make different medicines such as
interferons, antibodies and insulin etc.
Horticultural Technique.
• Plant biotechnology offers a vast application in horticulture.
• Horticultural scientists study crops, that are used for food, drugs or
aesthetics.
• In conservation of germplasm, virus-cleaning, biofertilizers and
biopesticides biotechnology, biotechnology covers a vast area in
Horticultural crops.
52. Tissue Culture.
• Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cell separate from the
organisms.
• The application of cells, tissue and organ cultures central to many
modern crop-improvement programs.
Genetic Engineering of Plants.
• Many useful gene have been introduced into many plants from which
transgenic plants have been developed in which foreign DNA has been
integrated and resulted in the synthesis of appropriate gene product.