Conditions for Formation of Ionic and Covalent BondsDamanpreet Singh
For Ionic Bond
1.It is generally formed of the metals and non-metals. The metal atom loses one or more electrons present in its valence shell and these electrons accept by the non-metallic atom.
2.One of the species is cation and the other is an anion.By losing electrons, the metal atom changes to (positive ion) cation.Similarly, the non-metal atom gaining the electrons, get change to (negative Ion) anion. The oppositely charged ions attract each other. Therefore, come closer resulting the formation of the ionic bond (Electrovalent Bond).
Conditions for Formation of Ionic and Covalent BondsDamanpreet Singh
For Ionic Bond
1.It is generally formed of the metals and non-metals. The metal atom loses one or more electrons present in its valence shell and these electrons accept by the non-metallic atom.
2.One of the species is cation and the other is an anion.By losing electrons, the metal atom changes to (positive ion) cation.Similarly, the non-metal atom gaining the electrons, get change to (negative Ion) anion. The oppositely charged ions attract each other. Therefore, come closer resulting the formation of the ionic bond (Electrovalent Bond).
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Lecture materials for the Introductory Chemistry course for Forensic Scientists, University of Lincoln, UK. See http://forensicchemistry.lincoln.ac.uk/ for more details.
Chemical Structure: Chemical Bonding. Ionic, Metallic & Coordinate Bondsulcerd
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Unit 7.2 Ionic Bonding
1. Warm Up:
1. How many moles are contained in 6.0 g
of carbon?
2. When two chemicals are mixed together
in a beaker that is sitting in an ice water
bath, the ice in the water melts as the
chemicals react. Is the reaction
exothermic or endothermic? Explain
your reasoning.
2. Ions and Ionic Bonding
• One way for atoms to reach stability is by
either losing or gaining electrons.
• When this occurs an ion is formed.
• Ion – an atom that has a charge.
• Occurs when the number of protons is unequal
to the number of electrons.
3.
4. Cations
• Whenever atoms lose electrons they form
cations.
• Cations are positively charged atoms.
• Metals tend to form cations.
• Example:
– Sodium
5.
6. Anions
• Whenever atoms gain electrons they form
anions.
• Anions are negatively charged atoms.
• Nonmetals tend to form anions.
• Example:
– Chlorine (Cl)
7. We can use the periodic table to predict
the type of ion an atom will form.
Group Number Type of Ion Formed
1 +1
2 +2
13 +3
15 -3
16 -2
17 -1
8. What Do You Think?
1. What charge would Lithium make?
2. What charge would sulfur make?
3. Neon?
9. Ionic Bonding
• Ionic bonding involves the transfer of
electrons from one atom to another.
• We can use electron dots to show how ionic
bonds are formed.
• Example:
– Na and Cl
10. • Opposite charges serve as the glue that holds
the atoms together in the bond.
• Ionic bonds are extremely strong chemical
bonds.
• Ionic bonds usually involve a combination of
a metal with a nonmetal.
– By definition, an ionic bond is made when the
electronegativity difference between atoms is
greater than 1.7
11.
12. Illustrating Ionic Bonding in Compounds
• Use electron dots to demonstrate how
calcium (Ca) and bromine (Br) form a stable
compound by ionic bonding. Give the
chemical formula for the compound formed.
13. Polyatomic Ions can act as anions!
•Group of covalently bonded atoms that has a charge.
(a charged molecule)
•Example: SO4
-2
(sulfate ion)
14. Writing Formulas and Naming Chemical
Compounds
• There are two types of chemical compounds:
– ionic compounds
– covalent (molecular) compounds
• Ionic Compounds are composed of a cation and an
anion.
– cations – positively charged ion (metals)
– anions – negatively charged ion (nonmetals)
15. Monoatomic Ions
• Cations
– For monatomic cations, the name of the ion is the
name of the element.
– examples:
Na+
= sodium ion
Mg2+
= magnesium ion
Al3+
= aluminum ion
16. – Some metals are able to form more than one
stable ion (polyvalent)
• usually transition elements
• example: copper
• forms Cu2+
and Cu+
• use Roman numerals to distinguish charge
• copper (II) and copper (I)
17. • Anions
– Monoatomic anions are named by dropping the
ending of the element and replacing with the
suffix “-ide”.
– examples:
Cl-
= chloride ion
O2-
= oxide ion
N3-
= nitride ion
18. Naming Binary Ionic
Compounds
• The nomenclature, or naming system, or
binary ionic compounds involves combining
the names of the compound’s positive and
negative ions.
• The name of the cation is given first, followed
by the name of the anion:
– example: Al2O3 — aluminum oxide
19. Independent practice
1. What is the formula and name for Sodium
and Oxygen?
2. What would the formula and name be for
potassium and sulfur?
20. The Stock System of Nomenclature
Write the formula and give the name for
the compound formed by the ions Cr3+
and
F–
.
22. Compounds Containing Polyatomic
Ions
• Many common polyatomic ions are negatively charged
and oxyanions— polyatomic ions that contain oxygen.
• Some elements can combine with oxygen to form more
than one type of oxyanion.
– example: nitrogen can form or .−
3NO
nitrate nitrite
• The name of the ion with the greater number of oxygen
atoms ends in -ate. The name of the ion with the smaller
number of oxygen atoms ends in -ite.
2NO−
3NO−
2NO−
23. • Some elements can form more than two
types of oxyanions.
– example: chlorine can form , ,
or .
• In this case, an anion that has one fewer oxygen atom
than the -ite anion has is given the prefix hypo-.
• An anion that has one more oxygen atom than the -ate
anion has is given the prefix per-.
hypochlorite chlorite chlorate perchlorate
ClO−
2ClO−
3ClO−
4ClO−
ClO−
2ClO−
3ClO−
4ClO−
24. Give the formula for…
1. Potassium Chlorate
2. Hydrogen Sulfite
3. Tin(IV) sulfate.
25. Closure
• What is one thing you learned today?
• What is one thing we need more practice on?
