Canal lining involves adding an impermeable layer to canal beds and banks to reduce water seepage losses. Common lining materials include compacted earth, concrete, and plastic membranes. Lining can conserve up to 50% of irrigation water by preventing seepage and allowing canals to maintain higher water velocities using smaller cross-sections. It also stabilizes canal banks, prevents erosion, and increases the command area by allowing flatter canal slopes. Hard linings include cast concrete while earth linings use compacted soil or soil-bentonite mixes. Buried plastic membranes are another option but are susceptible to damage.

2. Canal Lining
 It is the treatment given to the canal bed and banks to
make the canal section impervious.
 Canal lining is the process of during seepage loss
of irrigation water by adding an impermeable layer to the
edges of the trench.
 Seepage can result in losses of 30 to 50 percent of
irrigation water from canals, so adding lining can make
irrigation systems more efficient.
 Common lining materials include compacted earth,
concrete, and plastic membranes.

3. Advantages of Lining
Water Conservation:
Lining a canal results in reduction in water losses, as
water losses in unlined irrigation canals can be high.
No seepage of water into adjacent land or roads:
If canal banks are highly permeable, the seepage of
water will cause very wet or waterlogged conditions,
or even standing water on adjacent fields or roads.
Lining of such a canal can solve this problem.

4. Advantages of Lining
Canal linings improve command:
Lining makes it possible to maintain high velocity in
the canal. Generally lined canals are designed with
normal value of silt factor (f= 1.2) and maximum
permissible velocity (from 1.8 m/sec to 2.5 m/sec).
For these values of f and V steepest practicable
longitudinal slope may be adopted. Even then this
slope will be flatter than the slope of unlined canal.

5. Advantages of Lining
Thus this flat slope raises the FSL in general
and brings the high area of land under
command which have not been irrigated
before.
Another advantage of maintaining high
velocities can be recognized from the fact that
“lined canals require smaller sections to
convey same amount of water as that carried
by unlined canals”.

6. Advantages of Lining
 Canal linings increase available head for power
generation.
 Canal linings make the canal section stable.
Canal linings prevent bank erosion and breaches.
Canal linings assure economical water distribution
Canal linings reduce maintenance costs

7. Types of Canal Lining
Hard Surface Lining
Cast Insitu Cement
Concrete Lining
Shotcrete or Plastic
Lining
Cement Concrete Tile
Lining or Brick Lining
Asphaltic Concrete
Lining
Boulder Lining
Earth Type Lining
Compacted Earth
Lining
Soil Cement Lining

8. Types of Canal Lining
 Exposed and Hard Surface Linings
 Earth type canal lining.
 Buried Membrane Linings

9. Types of Canal Lining
 Exposed and Hard Surface Linings:-
It includes all linings exposed to wear, erosion and
deterioration effect of the flowing water, operation and
maintenance equipment and other hazards.
Such linings are constructed across of cement concrete
and mortars, bricks, stones and exposed membranes.
Although the initial cost of all these linings is
generally high, the reinforced cement concrete linings
are costliest and are usually recommended for use only
where structural safety is the primary consideration

10. Types of Canal Lining
 Exposed and Hard Surface Linings:-
1. Cast in situ cement concrete lining
2. Shotcrete or plastic lining.
3. Cement concrete tiles lining or Brick lining.
4. Asphalt concrete lining.
5. Boulder lining.
6. Exposed Membrane Linings.

11. Types of Canal Lining
 Earth type canal lining.
Thick compacted earth lining is durable and can
withstand considerable external hydrostatic pressure.
Bentonite has shown considerable promise for use as
a good lining material.
Bentonite containing large percentage of
montmorillonite, is characterised by high water
absorption accompanied by swelling and
imperviousness. It can be used as 5.0 cm thick
membrane covered by protective blanket or as a
mixed inplace layer of soil bentonite and well
compacted.

12. Types of Canal Lining
 Buried Membrane Linings
Hot-applied asphaltic, prefabricated asphalt materials,
plastic film and a layer of bentonite or other types of
clays protected by earth or gravel cover are cheap
linings.
These linings can be provided immediately after
completion of excavation or even later.
Membrane linings are susceptible to damage by weed
root and permissible water velocity is limited to avoid
erosion.
The life of the lining is uncertain.

13. Cast In-situ Cement Concrete Lining

14. Shotcrete Lining

15. Canal Lining
Concrete Lining

16. Canal Lining
Concrete tiles canal lining

17. Canal Lining
Brick Canal Lining
Prefabricated
Channel Section

18. Canal Lining
GEOPOLYMER CANAL LINING