This document discusses stress, conflict, and frustration. It defines stress as a mental, physical, or emotional strain on the body that can be caused by internal or external stressors. Conflict is defined as friction between two desires or goals. The document outlines different types of conflicts including intrapersonal, approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, and approach-avoidance conflicts. Frustration refers to the blocking of behavior directed towards a goal. Sources of frustration include environmental obstacles, unattainable personal goals, and motivational conflicts. The document also discusses stages of stress response, symptoms of stress, and ways for nurses to overcome frustration and conflict, including identifying sources and seeking reliable help.
PSYCHOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR - UNIT 3 PSYCHOLOGY FOR NURSES, GNM 1ST YR. Ar...Arun Beborta
In this unit we shall discuss about different aspects of human behavior, the what, why, how, when where of human behavior. We will also see the basic needs of man according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. We shall discuss the dynamics of human behavior, motives and drives.
PSYCHOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR - UNIT 3 PSYCHOLOGY FOR NURSES, GNM 1ST YR. Ar...Arun Beborta
In this unit we shall discuss about different aspects of human behavior, the what, why, how, when where of human behavior. We will also see the basic needs of man according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. We shall discuss the dynamics of human behavior, motives and drives.
Defense mechanisms are the behaviors people use to separate themselves from unpleasant events, actions, or thoughts. These are unconscious strategies whereby people protect themselves from anxious thoughts or feelings
Just a simple presentation to understand some few defense mechanisms in Psychology. I hope you find it useful. Give some hearts if you like and you may comment if you wish to have a copy. Thank you. :)
This content is regarding body mind relationship which is part of nursing students syllabus. This topic will be useful for those who are studying psychology and other medical science subjects.
This PPT contains Unit 2 Biology of behaviour for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. The biology of behavior, also known as behavioral neuroscience or psychobiology, explores the relationship between biological processes and behavior. It delves into how the brain, nervous system, and other physiological factors influence behavior, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Understanding this relationship helps us comprehend various aspects of human and animal behavior.
This presentation is prepared according to the syllabus of Basic BSc nursing students given by INC. for the better learning and knowledge please refer the books.
Defense mechanisms are the behaviors people use to separate themselves from unpleasant events, actions, or thoughts. These are unconscious strategies whereby people protect themselves from anxious thoughts or feelings
Just a simple presentation to understand some few defense mechanisms in Psychology. I hope you find it useful. Give some hearts if you like and you may comment if you wish to have a copy. Thank you. :)
This content is regarding body mind relationship which is part of nursing students syllabus. This topic will be useful for those who are studying psychology and other medical science subjects.
This PPT contains Unit 2 Biology of behaviour for F.Y.B.Sc. Nursing students. The biology of behavior, also known as behavioral neuroscience or psychobiology, explores the relationship between biological processes and behavior. It delves into how the brain, nervous system, and other physiological factors influence behavior, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Understanding this relationship helps us comprehend various aspects of human and animal behavior.
This presentation is prepared according to the syllabus of Basic BSc nursing students given by INC. for the better learning and knowledge please refer the books.
Notes on one of the IB HL Psychology options: Health. All about stress: its biological, cognitive, and social factors. Good advice too for those of us stressed out by IB testing!
mental health and mental hygiene for nursing students ptxSulekhaDeshmukh
it is very easy notes of psychology for BSC nursing 1st year students and GNM 1st year mental heath is very important topic every year will get question from this chapter so hear i made very easy notes , here will get notes about what is the mental health, what are the characteristic of mental healthy person, what is mental illness, how we can identify that person is mentally ill person, about the defense mechanism, frustration and conflict , how we can over cum frustration so please if you like my notes please like, it will help for your exam
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
1. S T R E S S , C O N F L I C T, F R U S T R AT I O N
P.THIRUNAGLINGA PANDIYAN
M.Sc.,(N).,M.A., D.Pharm.,
School of Nursing
Madurai Medical College
Madurai
2. STRESS
• Stress is a very common problem being faced today.
• Every individual will experience stress in one or the
other time.
• Stress is a biological and psychological response
• Stress is an internal state which can be caused by
physical demands of body
3. DEFINITION
• Stress is defined as a mental, physical or
emotional strain on the body.
• Generally stress occurs in response to a stressor
• Stressors may be internally or externally
• Eustress is the term used to describe positive stress.
• Distress is the term used to indicate negative stress.
4. SOURCES OF STRESS
• Environmental Stressors - Noise, Pollution, Traffic,
Crowding and Weather
• Physiological Stressors - Illness, Injuries, Hormonal
Fluctuations
• Thought - Negative Self Talk
• Individual Cause - Low Self Esteem, Fear of loss of control
• Social Stressors - Financial Problems, Work Demands,
Social Events
5. TYPES OF STRESS
1. Acute Stress
• Acute stress is the most common form of stress.
• It comes from demands and pressures of the recent
2. Episodic Stress
• Acute stress that is suffered too frequently in episode then it is called
episodic stress.
3.Chronic Stress
• The individual having stress for long duration like one year it is called
as chronic stress
6. SYMPTOMS OF STRESS
• Physical Symptoms - Muscle tension, cold and other
illness, hypertension, tachycardia indigestion, ulcers,
insomnia, headache.
• Cognitive Symptoms - Forgetfulness, lack of
concentration, self criticism
• Emotional symptoms - Irritability, Depression, Anger,
Fear of Anxiety.
7. HANS SELYE STAGES OF STRESS
There are Three Main Stages associated with the
General Adaptation Syndrome (HANS SELYE )
• The Alarm Reaction
• The Stages of Resistance
• The Stages of Exhaustion
8. STAGES OF STRESS
1. Alarm Reaction
• It is an emergency response of the body. In this stage
prompt responses of the body, many of them
mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, prepare
us to cope with the stressor here and now.
(FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE).
9. STAGES OF STRESS
2. Stage of Resistance
• If the stressor continues to be present, the stage of
resistance begins, wherein the body resists the effects
of the continuous stressor. During this stage certain
hormonal responses of the body are an important line
of defence in resisting the effects of stressors (For
example, release of ACTH).
10. STAGES OF STRESS
3. Stage of Exhaustion
• In this stage, the body’s capacity to respond to both
continuous and new stressors has been seriously
compromised. The person will no longer be able to
face stressor and he will finally accept to it.
12. CONFLICT
DEFINITION
• The word conflict has been derived from a Latin word
‘Conflicts’ which means ‘strike two things at the same
time’. Conflict is an opposition between different
impulses
• Conflict may be defined as a friction between two
desires, motives, needs.
13. TYPES OF CONFLICTS
a. Intrapersonal Conflicts
•These are the conflicts caused within the
individual.
•These conflicts arise as a result of two or
more motives or goals to be achieved at a
time. Hence, these are called Goal
conflicts.
14. TYPES OF CONFLICTS
1. Approach- Approach Conflict
• In this type of conflict individual will have two desires with
positive goals which are equally powerful.
• For example,
• A person has two attractive job offers.
• Choosing two cinemas
15. TYPES OF CONFLICTS
2. Avoidance- Avoidance Conflict
• This conflict involves two goals with negative valence.
• At times the individual is forced to choose one among two
negative goals.
• In such conflicts, both are unwanted goals, but cannot avoid
also.
• For example, don’t want to hard work and don’t want the fail
in exam
16. TYPES OF CONFLICTS
3 . Approach- Avoidance Conflict
• This is also a most complex conflict and very difficult to
resolve.
• Because in this type of conflict a person is both attracted and
unwanted by the same goal object.
• Here the goal object will have both positive and negative
valences.
eg : Ice cream is delicious and tasty but it is also cause
obesity
17. TYPES OF CONFLICTS
4. Multiple- Approach - Avoidance Conflict
• Some of the situations in life come across will involve both
positive and negative valences of multiple nature.
• Suppose a woman is engaged to be married. The marriage to
her has positive valences like-providing security to life and
marrying a person whom she loves very much.
• On the other hand, if the marriage is repellent to her because
she has to quit her attractive job and salary
18. RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS
• The conflicts may arise from frustrations, competing
roles or goals having positive or negative valences.
• Some conflicts are of great danger to mental health of
the individual.
• Hence, it is necessary to resolve them as quickly as
possible.
19. RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS
• Conflicts resolution depends upon the type of conflict.
• The double approach conflict may be easily resolved by
satisfying first one goal which is more important than the
other.
• for example , a student attending the class first, then going for
food even if hungry.
• Alternatively, this conflict is resolved by giving up one of the
goals.
• Obviously, approach-approach conflict does not generate
20. RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS
• In approach-avoidance conflict, since there is only one goal
object, it is very difficult to decide.
• Here, compromise with the situation is the only alternative
solution to overcome stress resulting from conflict.
• Finally, in multiple approach-avoidance conflict the individual
has to take a decision depending upon the sum total of
positive or negative valences resulting in selection of goals.
21. FRUSTRATION
• The word frustration has been derived from a Latin
word ‘Frusta’ means ‘obstruct’.
• The term frustration refers to the blocking of
behavior directed towards the goal.
22. SOURCES OF FRUSTRATION
1. Environmental Forces
• Environmental obstacles can frustrate the satisfaction
of motives by making it difficult or impossible for a
person to attain a goal. An obstacle may be physical-
such as untimely rain, disruption in electric supply,
auto strike, famine, earthquake, war, floods, etc.
23. SOURCES OF FRUSTRATION
2. Personal Frustration
• Unattainable goals or too high goals which are beyond the
ability level of a person can be important sources of
frustration. These are learned goals. For instance, a student
with average level of intelligence aspires to score 90% of
marks in the examination will definitely face frustration.
24. SOURCES OF FRUSTRATION
3. Conflict Produced Frustration
• A major source of frustration is found in motivational
conflict, in which the expression of one motive
interferes with the expression of other motives.
• A student wants higher education, but too much
expenditure comes in between. In this way he come
across many frustrations due to conflict
25. SOURCES OF FRUSTRATION
4. Motivational conflict
• Motivation is one kind of power which makes a person
delightful for work. Furthermore, Positive motivation
can makes a man dynamical and encourages for work
• On the other hand, Motivation decreases mental
pressure of a person.
26. REACTIONS TO FRUSTRATIONS
Simple Reactions
• Increasing effort and Trials - During frustrations the
individual gives more effort to achieve it
• Compromise - Repeated failure in one activity may
cause change the aim with compromise
• Surrender – The individual accept the failure
27. REACTIONS TO FRUSTRATIONS
Violent Reactions
External aggression – The aggression may be
directed towards the person or things. Example the
employee who denied the promotion may quarrel with
supervisors
Internal aggression – The aggression may be directed
towards the self and cause angry, tension
28. OVERCOMING FRUSTRATION AND
CONFLICT BY THE NURSE
• Identify the source of frustration and conflict and try to remove it
• Decide the important things carefully
• Check everything carefully before do the procedure
• Always think as positive
• Relax with works
• Make good communication with others
• Proper time management
• Seek reliable help from others
• Avoid doing wrong