This document provides an overview of key concepts in psychology including perception, cognition, emotion, behavior, different areas of psychology (e.g. social, clinical), and concepts related to the mind, consciousness, and body-mind relationships. It discusses topics like the levels of mind, altered states of consciousness, the relationship between genetics and environment, the role of the brain and neurotransmitters in behavior, and the psychology of sensations and the role of glands and muscles. The document is authored by Mr. Johny Kutty Joseph and appears to be lecture notes or material for students.

1. DYNAMICS OF PSYCHOLOGY
PERCEPTION
C O G N I T I O N
EMOTION
BEHAVIOUR
SOCIAL SCIENTIST
B E H A V I O U R A L S C I E N T I S T
COGNITIVE SCIENTIST
EXPERIMENTAL
BIOLOGICAL
PERSONALITY
SOCIAL
CLINICAL
PSYCHOLOGYMIND
COUNSELING
HAPPYINESS
SARROW
CRY
ANGER
SEX
Mr. Johny Kutty Joseph, Asstt. Professor

2. DYNAMICS OF BEHAVIOUR
1. Body Mind Relationship.
2. Genetics and Environment in behaviour.
3. Brain and Behaviour.
4. Psychology of Sensations: Muscular and
glandular controls of behavior.

3. THE MIND
 Mind and body are interrelated and interact each
other.
 Mind is the function of the body.
 Our mental processes become richer and complex
day by day.
 Mind is not a reality but a hypothetical structure.
 Mind is associated with thinking, reasoning,
imagining, remembering, judging, observing etc.
 The mind can be defined as the total of various
mental functioning.

4. LEVELS OF MIND
1. CONSCIOUS: Deals with experiences that are aware
at moment while doing a mental activity. It is our
current thoughts and perceptions.
2. PRECONSCIOUS/SUBCONSCIOUS: lies below the
margin of consciousness. It includes the matter that
can be recollected. It also prevents the flow of
material from unconscious to conscious. It is our
memories and stored knowledge.
3. UNCONSCIOUS: Totally unaware. These do not
become conscious unless some methods like
psychoanalysis are used. It includes repressed

5. MODES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
1. Cognition: to know: the cognitive part of the brain
has to do with intelligence.
2. Affect: to feel: the affective deals with emotions
3. Conation: to do: conative drives how one acts on
those thoughts and feelings

6. ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
(ASC)
 It is any condition that is which is significantly
different from a normal waking state.
 It can occur accidentally due to fever, meningitis,
sleep deprivation, psychosis or accident.
 It can be reached intentionally by hypnosis,
meditation etc.
 It can also be ingested through psychoactive
substance use like alcohol, cannabis etc.
 They may be induced by social behavior such as
frenzied dancing such as abnormal excitement or
emotional disturbance.

7. ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
(ASC)
 Hypnosis: it is a procedure that can lead to ASC by
the power of suggestion. A hypnotist puts a subject in
an ASC by encouraging relaxation and sleepiness
and also describing the physical sensations. In this
stage the subject act, perceive, think and feel
according to the hypnotist’s suggestion.
 Meditation: it is a practice of focusing attention to
enhance awareness and gain more control over
physical and mental processes. This also include
breathing exercises.

8. BODY – MIND RELATIONSHIP
 EFFECT OF THE BODY ON MENTAL
FUNCTIONING.
 EFFECT OF THE MIND ON BODILY FUNCTIONS.

9. EFFECT OF THE BODY ON MENTAL
FUNCTIONING.
 Increased blood pressure leads to mental over
activity.
 Fatigue of the body makes concentration difficult and
reduces cognitive functioning.
 Constipation can cause irritability and depression.
 Excessive thyroid activity leads to excitability.
 Overactive adrenal glands produce aggressive
behavior.
 Lack of sleep disturb cognition.

10. EFFECT OF THE MIND ON BODILY
FUNCTIONS.
 Unpleasant emotions like fear, anger, worry cause
headache, insomnia, indigestion.
 Emotional conflicts are responsible for peptic ulcer,
ulcerative colitis and flatulence.
 Suppressed or repressed feelings cause
nervousness, anxiety, depression etc.
 Deep thinking and concentration can cause fatigue.
 Humans are great power of intelligence and
imagination.
 Injury to brain cause altered mental processes.
 Impulse transmission is an important element of

11. MODULATION IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS:
MIND AND BODY
 A psychosomatic disease is a physical disorder that is
caused due to mental factors.
 The mind and body are closely connected and affects each
other. The body responds to the way we think, act and feel.
 When emotional health is unattended we experience
physical complaints like back or chest pain, fatigue,
palpitations sweating etc. It also can result in heart attack,
stroke etc.
 When stressed our body cells produce toxic chemicals to
destroy the body.
 Mind body interventions like yoga, mediation can be
effective in the treatment of CAD. Studies have shown that

12. GENETICS AND ENVIRONEMNT
 GENETICS/HEREDITY: It is a biological process
through which the transmission of physical and
psychological characteristics from parents to
offspring occurs.
 ENVIRONMENT: It includes all the factors that
influence an organ ism after conception. It may
external or internal.

13. GENETICS /HEREDITY
 Principle of Reproduction: similarities among
same families, race and species.
 Principle of Variation: difference among races and
species. Eg. Color of African and Europeans.
 Principle of Chance: the combination of genes
that go into the single cell which results from
fertilization is matter of chance in human nature
and other aspects.
 Genetic Disorders: Down syndrome (Trisomy 21),
Turner Syndrome (Female child with X0 instead
of (XX) etc.

14. ENVIRONMENT
 Internal environment: The intracellular environment
affects the embryonic development. The intrauterine
environment affects the growth and nourishment of
the fetus.
 The external environment includes
a. Physical environment: weather, food, water, shelter,
pollution, crowding: disturbance in BP and stress
level.
b. Social environment: family, peers, community,
culture: it influence values, effects pampering,
personality, autonomy,.

15. BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
The human brain with other parts of the
nervous system plays and important role in behavior.
 Review Structure of Neuron, Types of Neuron and
Role of Synapse.
Spinal Cord: Channel of communication and reflex
action.
Forebrain: (thalamus (relay station)hypothalamus
(emotions and motivation) and cerebrum).

16. BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
1. Occipital lobe: visual perception.
2. Parietal lobe: sense of touch, area of touch.
3. Temporal lobe: auditory sensation.
4. Frontal lobe: voluntary activities: eating, speaking, crying.
Mental activities: thinking, reasoning, imagining,
attention, learning etc. Language abilities.
 Mid Brain: connecting fore brain and hind brain. Ability of
concentration.
 Hind Brain: Medulla oblongata (motor activities, digestion,
BP, respiration), Pons (coordination of muscles and sides
of body) and Cerebellum (coordination and balance.)

17. BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
1. Neurotransmitters:
 Acetylcholine: it is implicate din sleep, arousal, pain
perception, the modulation and coordination of
movement, memory acquisition and retention.
 Nor-epinephrine: Associated with fight or flight
syndrome. It also helps in regulation of mood,
cognition and perception.
 Dopamine: regulation of movement and coordination,
emotions, voluntary decision making ability.
 Serotonin: Role in sleep and arousal, libido, appetite,
mood, aggression and pain perception.

18. PSYCHOLGY OF SENSATIONS
 The joint mechanism of our sensory organs and brain
makes us aware or conscious of the presence of a
particular stimulus or stimuli available in our internal
or external environment.
 It includes the following steps;
1. Stimulus
2. Receptors/sensory organs
3. Sensory nerves
4. Brain.

19. PSYCHOLGY OF SENSATIONS
1. Visual Sensation
2. Auditory Sensation
3. Olfactory Sensation.
4. Gustatory Sensation
5. Cutaneous Sensation
6. Kinesthetic Sensation: It is a type of sensation that
enables us to react in position or movement of
various parts of the body without actually observing
it. Eg. Braking the vehicle, using switch board, using
remote control, using computer key board. There is
no special organ for it.

20. PSYCHOLGY OF GLANDS & MUSCLES
1. Muscles are termed as the useful machine and action
organ of the body to carry out a number of conative
activities. It is associated with bones, joints, muscles,
tendons, ligaments etc..
2. Types of muscles: Smooth muscle (digestion, excretion
and circulation), cardiac muscle(heart) and striated
muscle (hand, legs, movement, etc.)
3. Functions of muscles
 Creating movements
 Maintaining posture
 Stabilizing joints

21. PSYCHOLGY OF GLANDS & MUSCLES
1. Exocrine Glands: salivary glands, taer glands, sweat
glands etc.
Fear and anxiety: under activity of salivary gland, dry
mouth, urination occurs.
Sorrow and grief: tears roll down.
Anger: sweat gland over active
Emotion expression: glands are necessary
1. Endocrine glands: secrete directly to blood.
Pineal gland: melatonin: circadian rhythm
Pituitary gland: number of hormones: controls others.

22. PSYCHOLGY OF GLANDS & MUSCLES
Thymus gland: immunity and sexual functions
Pancreas: insulin and glucagon, activity, weakness,
nervousness etc.
Thyroid gland:
Gonads: controls sex behaviour.
Adrenal: meets emergency situation. Meets body's need
during fear, anger etc.