The document discusses the structure and function of cells and cell organelles. It explains that cells have three main jobs: producing energy through cellular respiration and photosynthesis using mitochondria and chloroplasts, producing proteins using the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and reproducing by copying DNA and dividing organelles and cells using the nucleus and centrioles. Each organelle performs a specialized function that allows the cell to carry out these essential life processes.
The reproductive system is the human organ system responsible for the production and fertilization of gametes (sperm or eggs) and, in females, the carrying of a fetus. Both male and female reproductive systems have organs called gonads that produce gametes.
This presentation covers basics of cell structure and functions of different cell organelles in detail with interactive illustrations. I hope this presentation will be beneficial for instructor's as well as students.
Mitosis and meosis are two common phenomenons, one can get plenty information about these two but its significance is very rarely provided on social networks. Here is its significance, have a look.
The reproductive system is the human organ system responsible for the production and fertilization of gametes (sperm or eggs) and, in females, the carrying of a fetus. Both male and female reproductive systems have organs called gonads that produce gametes.
This presentation covers basics of cell structure and functions of different cell organelles in detail with interactive illustrations. I hope this presentation will be beneficial for instructor's as well as students.
Mitosis and meosis are two common phenomenons, one can get plenty information about these two but its significance is very rarely provided on social networks. Here is its significance, have a look.
A powerpoint designed for the South African Life Sciences syllabus for grade 11. Includes information about blood and it's transportation, the human heart, the lymph system etc. Hope it helps :)
Compare open and closed circulatory system
Identify different circulatory pathways in vertebrates
Explain the composition of human circulatory system and its functions
Describe capillary exchange in the tissues
Explain the human circulation system
Compiled from various resources
A powerpoint designed for the South African Life Sciences syllabus for grade 11. Includes information about blood and it's transportation, the human heart, the lymph system etc. Hope it helps :)
Compare open and closed circulatory system
Identify different circulatory pathways in vertebrates
Explain the composition of human circulatory system and its functions
Describe capillary exchange in the tissues
Explain the human circulation system
Compiled from various resources
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Regents Biology
bacteria
Types of cells cells
Prokaryote
- no organelles
Eukaryotes
- organelles
animal cells plant cells
3. Cell size comparison
Regents Biology
Bacterial cell
Animal cell
most bacteria
1-10 microns
eukaryotic cells
10-100 microns
micron = micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter
diameter of human hair = ~20 microns
4. Why study cells?
Cells Tissues Organs Bodies
bodies are made up of cells
cells do all the work of life!
Regents Biology
5. The Work of Life
What jobs do cells have to do for an organism to live…
“breathe”
gas exchange: O2 in vs. CO2 out
eat
take in & digest food
make energy
ATP
build molecules
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids
remove wastes
control internal conditions
homeostasis
respond to external environment
build more cells
growth, repair, reproduction & development
Regents Biology
ATP
6. The Jobs of Cells
Cells have 3 main jobs
make energy
need energy for all activities
need to clean up waste produced
while making energy
make proteins
proteins do all the work in a cell,
so we need lots of them
make more cells
for growth
to replace damaged or diseased cells
Regents Biology
Our organelles
do all these
jobs!
7. Organelles
Organelles do the work of cells
each structure has a job to do
keeps the cell alive; keeps you alive
Regents Biology
Model Animal Cell
They’re like
mini-organs!
8. 1. Cells need power!
Making energy
to fuel daily life & growth, the cell must…
take in food & digest it
take in oxygen (O2)
make ATP
remove waste
organelles that do this work…
cell membrane
lysosomes
vacuoles & vesicles
mitochondria
ATP
Regents Biology
9. Cell membrane
Function
separates cell from outside
controls what enters or leaves cell
O2, CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste
recognizes signals from other cells
allows communication between cells
Structure
double layer of fat
phospholipid bilayer
receptor molecules
proteins
Regents Biology
phosphate
“head”
lipid “tail”
10. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes Regents Biology
signals
11. Vacuoles & vesicles
Regents Biology
Function
moving material
around cell
storage
Structure
membrane sac
small food
particle
vacuole
vacuole filled w/
digestive enzymes
Vacuole filled w/
digested nutrients
12. Food & water storage
plant cells
Regents Biology
contractile
vacuole
animal cells
central vacuole
food vacuole
13. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes Regents Biology
signals
14. Lysosomes
small food
particle
Regents Biology
lysosomes
vacuole
digesting food
Function
digest food
used to make energy
clean up & recycle
digest broken
organelles
Structure
membrane sac of
digestive enzymes
digesting broken
organelles
15. A Job for Lysosomes
Regents Biology
15 weeks
6 weeks
16. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
Regents Biology
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
recycling
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
17. Mitochondria
Function
make ATP energy from cellular respiration
sugar + O2 ATP
fuels the work of life
Structure
double membrane
in both animal &
plant cells
Regents Biology
ATP
18. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
Regents Biology
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
recycling
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
19. Plants make energy two ways!
Mitochondria
make energy from sugar + O2
cellular respiration
sugar + O2 ATP
Chloroplasts
make energy + sugar from sunlight
photosynthesis
sunlight + CO2 ATP & sugar
ATP = active energy
sugar = stored energy
Regents Biology
build leaves & roots & fruit
out of the sugars
ATP
sugar
ATP
20. Mitochondria are in both cells!!
animal cells plant cells
Regents Biology
mitochondria
chloroplast
21. cytoplasm
jelly-like material
around organelles
Regents Biology
central vacuole
storage: food,
water or waste
mitochondria
make ATP in
cellular respiration
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
lysosome
digestion & clean up
cell wall
support
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
22. 2. Cells need workers = proteins!
Making proteins
to run daily life & growth, the cell must…
read genes (DNA)
build proteins
Regents Biology
structural proteins (muscle fibers, hair, skin, claws)
enzymes (speed up chemical reactions)
signals (hormones) & receptors
organelles that do this work…
nucleus
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Golgi apparatus
23. Proteins do all the work!
one of the major job of cells is to make proteins,
structural
enzymes
DNA proteins cells
Regents Biology
because…
proteins do all the work!
signals
receptors
24. Nucleus
Function
control center of cell
protects DNA
instructions for building proteins
Structure
nuclear membrane
nucleolus
ribosome factory
chromosomes
DNA
Regents Biology
25. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes Regents Biology
signals
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
chromosomes
DNA
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
recycling
nucleolus
produces
ribosomes
26. Regents Biology
Ribosomes on ER
Ribosomes
Function
protein factories
read instructions to build proteins from DNA
Structure
some free in cytoplasm
some attached to ER
27. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes Regents Biology
signals
nucleolus
produces
ribosomes
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ribosomes
build proteins
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
recycling
28. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function
works on proteins
helps complete the
proteins after ribosome
builds them
makes membranes
Structure
rough ER
ribosomes attached
works on proteins
smooth ER
makes membranes
Regents Biology
29. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
Regents Biology
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
recycling
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ribosomes
builds proteins
ER
works on proteins
makes membranes
30. Golgi Apparatus
finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins
vesicles
carrying proteins
Function
like UPS headquarters
shipping & receiving department
ships proteins in vesicles
“UPS trucks”
Structure
membrane sacs
Regents Biology transport vesicles
31. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes Regents Biology
signals
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ribosomes
builds proteins
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
recycling
ER
helps finish proteins
makes membranes
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages
& ships proteins
32. DNA
RNA
ribosomes
Regents Biology
endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Golgi
apparatus
protein
on its way!
vesicle
protein finished
protein
Making Proteins
TO:
TO:
TO:
TO:
nucleus
33. nucleus
control cell
protects DNA
Golgi apparatus
finish & ship
proteins
Regents Biology
central vacuole
storage: food,
water or waste
mitochondria
make ATP in
cellular respiration
cell wall
support
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
endoplasmic reticulum
processes proteins
makes membranes
nucleolus
make ribosomes
lysosome
digestion & clean up
ribosomes
cytoplasm make proteins
jelly-like material
around organelles
34. 3. Cells need to make more cells!
Making more cells
to replace, repair & grow,
the cell must…
copy their DNA
make extra organelles
divide the new DNA & new
organelles between 2 new
“daughter” cells
organelles that do this
work…
nucleus
centrioles
Regents Biology
35. Centrioles
Function
help coordinate cell division
only in animal cells
Structure
one pair in each cell
Regents Biology
36. cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes Regents Biology
signals
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ribosomes
builds proteins
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
ER
helps finish proteins
makes membranes
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages
& ships proteins
vacuole & vesicles recycling
transport inside cells
storage
centrioles
cell division
37. Cell Summary
Cells have 3 main jobs
make energy
need food + O2
cellular respiration & photosynthesis
need to remove wastes
make proteins
need instructions from DNA
need to chain together amino acids & “finish”
& “ship” the protein
make more cells
need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells
Regents Biology
Our organelles
do all those
jobs!