The study of cells and microorganisms has evolved over time with advances in technology. Early studies used simple lenses and light microscopes, while today electron microscopes like SEMs and TEMs are used. Electron microscopes allow observation of cell structures at much higher magnifications.
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula” which means “a little room”
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a monastery, and coined the word “cells”
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula” which means “a little room”
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a monastery, and coined the word “cells”
vCell Structure and Function. Cell wall: It helps in protecting the plasma membrane and plays a vital role in supporting and protecting the cells. ... Nuclear membrane: The bilayer membrane, which protects the nucleus by surrounding around it and acts as a barrier between the cell nucleus and other organs of a cell.
This is the first PowerPoint in the mrexham IGCSE Biology series. It is also available on iBooks.
It covers the Cells section from life processes of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Broadly tissues can be classified into two major groups : Plant tissue and Animal tissue.
A plant tissue can be defined as a cell or a group of cells dividing, to give rise to large number of cell, which is collectively referred as tissues. They are structurally and functionally similar to these cells. Plants do have a higher level of structure called plant tissue systems. A plant tissue system can be defined as a functional unit, which connects all organs of a plant. Like animal tissue system, plant tissue system is also grouped into various tissues based on their functions.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Tissues - "The Teams of Workers"
2) Types of Plant Tissues
3) Plant Tissue Systems
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
vCell Structure and Function. Cell wall: It helps in protecting the plasma membrane and plays a vital role in supporting and protecting the cells. ... Nuclear membrane: The bilayer membrane, which protects the nucleus by surrounding around it and acts as a barrier between the cell nucleus and other organs of a cell.
This is the first PowerPoint in the mrexham IGCSE Biology series. It is also available on iBooks.
It covers the Cells section from life processes of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Broadly tissues can be classified into two major groups : Plant tissue and Animal tissue.
A plant tissue can be defined as a cell or a group of cells dividing, to give rise to large number of cell, which is collectively referred as tissues. They are structurally and functionally similar to these cells. Plants do have a higher level of structure called plant tissue systems. A plant tissue system can be defined as a functional unit, which connects all organs of a plant. Like animal tissue system, plant tissue system is also grouped into various tissues based on their functions.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Tissues - "The Teams of Workers"
2) Types of Plant Tissues
3) Plant Tissue Systems
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. The study of cells and micro organisms has changed
over time with the change in technology.
These were studied in the beginning with hand lenses,
single lens microscope, light microscope
Today we have electron microscopes.
Two types of electron microscopes are used today:
SEM – Scanning electron microscope and TEM –
Transmission electron microscope.
4. He discovered the microscope with one lens
Discovered
- bacteria
- blood cells
- spermatozoa
- protozoa
5.
Uses the concept
cell for the first
time.
He used it when
he looked at the
microscopic
structure of cork
cells.
10.
All living organisms are made out of cells
New cells are formed by the division of
existing cells
The cell houses genes, which are the
blueprint for growth, functioning and
development of cells
The cell is the functional unit of life because
all chemical reactions of life take place
inside the cell
11.
12.
A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in
organisms.
Cells differ in size, shape and in function.
13. Two types of cells
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cells.
Only organisms of the domains Bacteria
and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells –
cells without a membrane bound nucleus.
Protists, fungi, animals and plants all
consist of eukaryotic cells – cell with a
membrane bound nucleus.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. CELL WALL
(ONLY IN PLANT CELLS)
Varies in thickness
Consist of pectin (elasticity), cellulose fibrils held
together with non-cellulose substances (hardens the
cell when mature) and lignin (adds strength to cell
especially in woody plants)
Cell wall is permeable and protects the inside of the
cell.
Middle lamella (layer of adhesive substances) – holds
the cells together
Plasmodesmata (pores) that connects the cytoplasm of
the connecting cells – selectively permeable
20. CELL MEMBRANE/PLASMA- (ANIMAL- AND
PLANT CELLS)
Consist of 2
phospholipid layers
and proteins in
between.
The phospholipid
layers are part
hydrophillic and part
hydrophobic
21. NUCLEUS
+/- 5µm, largest organelle in cell.
Enclosed by a nucleomembrane with
nuclear pores. Function: Protection
and add to selective permeability.
Filled with nucleoplasma, a
nucleolus and chromatin. Function
of chromatin: carries genetic
material in the form of
chromosomes.
Function of nucleolus: Produce rRNA