This document provides information about strong ammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. It discusses their molecular formulas, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, and storage requirements. Strong ammonium hydroxide is prepared by mixing ammonium chloride with slaked lime or ammonia gas with water. Sodium hydroxide is produced industrially using electrolysis of an aqueous sodium chloride solution. Both compounds are strong bases that are widely used in industry and have similar reactions with acids. Proper storage is needed to prevent absorption of moisture or carbon dioxide.

1. STRONG AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
& SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Mr. Ajay Kumar Dubey, Assistant Professor, Institute of Pharmacy
Subject- Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I (DP102T)
Email- a84dubey@gmail.com
Dr. Manju Pandey, Director, Institute of Pharmacy
Email- director.pharma@srmu.ac.in
Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki-225003

2. Strong Ammonium Hydroxide
M.F-HN4OH M.W- 35.046
Syn: Ammonia solution, ammonium hydroxide, strong
ammonium water, liquor ammoniae
Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is an ammonia solution
of water. Commonly referred to as ammonia or ammonia
gas, the compound is used as a cleaner and in the
manufacturing of plastics, rubber, fertilizers and textiles.

3. Method of Preparation:
By mixing ammonium chloride with slaked lime
NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 NH4OH + CaCl2
By mixing of Ammonia gas with water.
NH3 + H2O NH4OH

4. Properties :-
a) Physical Properties:
 Clear colorless liquid
 Pungent odour
 Characteristic taste
 Miscible with water
 Aqueous solution is strongly alkaline in nature
 Boiling point-37.7 °C

5. b) Chemical Properties:
a)Reaction with HCl : React with acid it form salts and water
NH4OH + HCl ------→ NH4Cl + H2O
b) Reaction with Sulphuric Acid:
2NH4OH + H2SO4 ------→ (NH4)2SO4 + 2H20

6. Uses:
Alkalizing agent
Reflux stimulant (fainted person)
Vaso constrictor
Strong base
Antacid
Laboratory Reagent
Storage:
“ It should be stored in well closed amber colored container
with a rubber stopper at a cool Place”

7. SODIUM HYDROXIDE
M.F-NaOH M.W-40
Syn: Caustic soda or lye
Sodium hydroxide is one of the most common inorganic
bases or alkali.
It is also called caustic soda or lye.

8. Method of Preparation
a) Sodium hydroxide is industrially produced using the
electrolytic chloralkali process, in which electrolysis of
aqueous sodium chloride solution gives chlorine gas and
sodium hydroxide. NaOH is obtained as a 50% solution in
water, and then dried to give solid sodium hydroxide flakes
or pellets.
2 NaCl + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + Cl2 + H2
b) By the reaction of Sodium carbonate and Calcium
hydroxide.

9. Properties :-
a)Physical Properties:
It is an odorless, white crystalline solid with a melting
point of 318 °C.
It is widely available as pellets, flakes, granules, and also
as aqueous solutions of different concentrations.
Sodium hydroxide is soluble in polar solvents such as
water, ethanol, and methanol, and insoluble in organic
solvents.
Sodium hydroxide is very hygroscopic (absorbs water
from air) and also absorbs carbon dioxide from air.

10. b) Chemical Properties:
Reaction with HCl:
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Reaction with Sulphuric Acid:
2NaOH + H2SO4 → 2Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Reaction with Nitric Acid:
NaOH + HNO3 → NaNO3 + H2O

11. Uses:
Sodium hydroxide is one of the most widely used bases in
industry.
Its main uses are in the paper industry, petroleum industry,
textiles industry,
In the manufacture of soaps and detergents,
In the Bayer process of aluminum production, industrial
cleaning, and for pH regulation.
It is also used in the food industry for many applications.
Storage:
“Keep in a tightly closed container. Protect from physical
damage. Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from
sources of heat and moisture ”

12. REFERENCES-
• https://en.wikipedia.org/
• https://www.wyzant.com/
• Anand & Chatwal, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
THANK YOU