This document summarizes key information about early colonial regions in North America, including their geography, economies, and systems of government. It discusses the three main colonial regions - New England, Middle, and Southern - and compares their climates, crops, ports, religious demographics, and forms of local administration. It also explains the economic motivation for European colonization of North America under the mercantilist system, and how the triangular slave trade emerged to provide a profitable source of forced labor to the colonies.

1. Unit 1 Review

3. 1. Why are bodies of water such
as rivers and oceans
important?
•They are a source of food (fishing)
•They are good for farming
•They are used for the faster
transportation of people and goods.
•They are also important for trade as
ships can drop and take in goods.

4. 1. Mississippi river helps transport farm goods from the
Midwest.
2. New Orleans in Louisiana became a commercial center
because of access to the Gulf of Mexico.
3. NYC became a commercial center because of access to
the Hudson River.

5. 2. What impact do mountains
have on the development of a
society or country?
Mountains have both positive and
negative impacts. In the positive,
mountains act as barriers to invasion.
However, in the negative mountains stop
cultural diffusion and trade and have no
fertile land to grow crops.

6. The Regions of the United States

7. 1. Why did Europeans (Spanish,
Dutch, French, and British)
want to colonize North
America?
2. Where did they settled?

8. economic, political, and social reasons
•To get
natural
resources
and raw
materials.
•To gain more
independence
from an unjust
king.
•To have the
opportunity to
move up
social class.
•To escape
religious
persecution
and have the
freedom to
worship freely.

11. The 13 English colonies

12. Aim: What were the
similarities and
differences between the
, ,
and colonies?

13. The 13 British colonies are divided into 3
colonial regions:
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• Massachusetts
• New Hampshire
• Delaware
• Pennsylvania
• New York
• New Jersey
• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia

14. Reasons why the colonies began
•God – Religious Freedoms
•The Puritans and the Pilgrims fled from
England to the colonies
•Glory – Wanted the fame of
starting a new country
•Gold – People could make lots of
money in the colonies especially on
plantations

15. New England
•Rhode Island
•Connecticut
•Massachusetts
•New Hampshire

16. –Long, cold
winters
–Rocky soil
difficult to grow
food
–Bad farming
conditions
• Short farming
season
–Great harbors for
port

19. People in the New
England colonies:

21. Government

22. Mayflower Compact—
agreement between the settlers
where the town was the basic unit
of government where decisions
would be made by voting.
Only church members are
allowed to participate.

23. New England Town Meetings -
1629
• Meeting for
townspeople to express
themselves openly
• Helped further direct
democracy as self-
government in the
colonies
• One vote/one person

24. Middle Colonies
•Delaware
•Pennsylvania
•New York
•New Jersey

25. – Milder climate (not as
cold as New England
but not as warm as
Southern colonies)
– Rocky soil but better
able to have small
farms (longer growing
season)
– Considered the
“bread basket”
• Grew large
amounts of grains
for trading
– Great harbors for port
• Cities like New

26. People in the middle
colonies:

27. Middle Colonies
• Known as the
“Breadbasket”
•Grew crops like wheat
and corn
–Provided food for other
colonies
–Some shipping and
manufacturing

29. Government

30. The Middle colonies are
recognized for their
.
In 1735, Peter Zenger is
declared innocent of
printing information about
the governor in his
newspaper. The courts
declared that newspapers
enjoyed the right to have
freedom of the press.

31. •Maryland
•Virginia
•North Carolina
•South Carolina
•Georgia
Southern Colonies

32. –Great Soil
–Warm Weather
–Very long
growing seasons
–Bad harbors

33. • Economic
Advantage
–Focused on
farming cash
crops like
• Tobacco “brown
gold”
• Cotton “white
gold”
–Large farms called
plantations
–Relied on slave
work to maintain
plantations

34. A plantation

35. Government

36. Virginia House of Burgesses-
1619
• 1st representative
assembly in
America
• Beginning of
representative
government

37.  Why did Great Britain
have colonies???
 What was the
purpose of the
colonies???

38. •Mercantilism: European economic system that
supported the establishment of colonies that would
enrich the “Mother” country or the country in control of
the colonies.
1. Where are
they?
2. Who is the
“Mother
country”?
3. What is role
of the
colonies?
What is their
job?

39. Mercantilism: the goal is to strengthen and
enrich the country so it can compete with other
empires.
• A key to power is wealth and self-sufficiency: a
country that is able to produce all it needs for its
citizens and is able to gain wealth by selling goods to
other nations.
• Countries want to export more than import.

40. The role of the Colonies: provide raw
materials (so that the mother country does
not have to import from other nations)
• Example: the New England and Middle
colonies helped Britain maintain naval
supremacy by providing wood for ships, sailors,
trade

41. What do the colonies provide to Great Britain?

42. Great Britain passed laws to enforce
Mercantilism:
• Required all exports from the colonies to go
to Great Britain so that British merchants
would then sell or trade the goods around the
world.
• Colonies were discouraged from buying
goods from other countries (are only allowed
to buy from Britain)
Navigation Acts All imports or exports
had to be carried on GB ships.
1.If you were a merchant (businessman) in the
colonies, would this law help you make profits?

43. So… Great Britain needs raw materials
from the colonies—like wood and cotton.
What can Great Britain do to increase
profits ($$$)—have more trees cut for
wood and more cotton picked?

44. Get free labor to increase
productivity and profits

45. The Transatlantic Slave
Trade or Triangular Trade
Involved 3 steps
1.First stage: manufactured goods (cloth,
tobacco, beads, guns, alcohol) from Europe
were sent to Africa.
2.The Middle Passage: slaves were sent from
Africa to the colonies.
3.Final stage: raw materials (cotton, sugar,
tobacco leaves, molasses and rum) were sent
to Europe from the colonies.

46. North
America
Africa
Great Britain
#1
#2
#3
The Transatlantic Slave Trade
or Triangular Trade