GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: ENERGY - FOSSIL FUELS. It contains: resources, renewable and non renewable resources, impact on the environment, wood, biomass, coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION DYNAMICS. It contains: increase in the world's population, over and under population, anti and pro-natalist policies, China's one child policy, France population strategies, Bristol case study.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: TOURISM - TRENDS. It contains: trends in tourism, the growth of tourism, trends, infrastructure, reasons behind the trends in tourism.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: ENERGY - FOSSIL FUELS. It contains: resources, renewable and non renewable resources, impact on the environment, wood, biomass, coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION DYNAMICS. It contains: increase in the world's population, over and under population, anti and pro-natalist policies, China's one child policy, France population strategies, Bristol case study.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: TOURISM - TRENDS. It contains: trends in tourism, the growth of tourism, trends, infrastructure, reasons behind the trends in tourism.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: TROPICAL RAINFORESTS. DEFORESTATION ON THE AMAZONGeorge Dumitrache
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: TROPICAL RAINFORESTS. DEFORESTATION ON THE AMAZON. It contains: tropical rainforests, average rainfall in Brazil, rainforest ecosystems, disadvantages of human intervention, rainforest water cycle, rainforest nutrient cycle, rainforest soils, vegetation layers, fan palms, buttress roots, lianas, strangler figs, case study, humans and the Amazon.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: WATER. It contains: the demand for water, water management, case studies: UK, NIGERIA, INDONESIA, MALAYSIA. Water for agriculture, industrial use, domestic water use, management of water usage in MDEC and LEDC.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: WEATHER MEASUREMENTS. It contains: difference between weather and climate, measuring the weather, what do we measure, temperature, precipitation, wind direction, Beaufort scale, cloud cover, air pressure, glossary.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: TROPICAL RAINFORESTS. DEFORESTATION ON THE AMAZONGeorge Dumitrache
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: TROPICAL RAINFORESTS. DEFORESTATION ON THE AMAZON. It contains: tropical rainforests, average rainfall in Brazil, rainforest ecosystems, disadvantages of human intervention, rainforest water cycle, rainforest nutrient cycle, rainforest soils, vegetation layers, fan palms, buttress roots, lianas, strangler figs, case study, humans and the Amazon.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: WATER. It contains: the demand for water, water management, case studies: UK, NIGERIA, INDONESIA, MALAYSIA. Water for agriculture, industrial use, domestic water use, management of water usage in MDEC and LEDC.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: WEATHER MEASUREMENTS. It contains: difference between weather and climate, measuring the weather, what do we measure, temperature, precipitation, wind direction, Beaufort scale, cloud cover, air pressure, glossary.
We Can Stop Global Warming Essay
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Global warming is a phenomenon of climate change characterized by a general increase in average temperatures of the Earth, which modifies the weather balances and ecosystems for a long time. It is directly linked to the increase of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, worsening the greenhouse effect.
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE SOURCESGeorge Dumitrache
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE
On February 27, 1933, the German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down. The Nazi leadership and its coalition partners used the fire to claim that Communists were planning a violent uprising. They claimed that emergency legislation was needed to prevent this. The resulting act, commonly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, abolished a number of constitutional protections and paved the way for Nazi dictatorship.
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTXGeorge Dumitrache
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
Following Hitler’s appointment as chancellor the Nazis were finally in a position of power.
However, this power was limited, as the Nazis were just one party in a three party coalition government, under President Hindenburg.
This topic will explore how the Nazis managed to eliminate their opposition and consolidate ultimate power over Germany, whilst maintaining an illusion of democracy.
It will first explore this topic in chronological order, from the Reichstag Fire through to the death of President Hindenburg, and then explore it thematically in the last section. On the 31 January 1933, Hitler, conscious of his lack of a majority in the Reichstag, immediately called for new elections to try and strengthen his position. The Nazis aimed to increase their share of the vote so that they would have a majority in the Reichstag. This would allow them to rule unopposed and unhindered by coalition governments.
Over the next two months, they launched themselves into an intense election campaign.
On 27 February 1933, as the campaign moved into its final, frantic days, the Reichstag, the German Parliament building, was set on fire and burnt down. An atmosphere of panic and terror followed the event.
This continued when a young Dutch communist, Van der Lubbe was arrested for the crime.
The Nazi Party used the atmosphere of panic to their advantage, encouraging anti-communism. Göring declared that the communists had planned a national uprising to overthrow the Weimar Republic. This hysteria helped to turn the public against the communists, one of the Nazis main opponents, and 4000 people were imprisoned.
The day after the fire, Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. On the 28 February 1933, President Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. This decree suspended the democratic aspects of the Weimar Republic and declared a state of emergency.
This decree gave the Nazis a legal basis for the persecution and oppression of any opponents, who were be framed as traitors to the republic. People could be imprisoned for any or no reason.
The decree also removed basic personal freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, the right to own property, and the right to trial before imprisonment.
Through these aspects the Nazis suppressed any opposition to their power, and were able to start the road from democracy to a dictatorship. The atmosphere of uncertainty following the Reichstag Fire secured many voters for the Nazi party.
The SA also ran a violent campaign of terror against any and all opponents of the Nazi regime. Many were terrified of voting of at all, and many turned to voting for the Nazi Party out of fear for their own safety. The elections were neither free or fair.
On the 5 March 1933, the elections took place, with an extremely high turnout of 89%.
The Nazis secured 43.9% of the vote.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 04. HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR 1933George Dumitrache
Hitler was not immediately appointed chancellor after the success of the July 1932 elections, despite being leader of the largest party in the Reichstag. It took the economic and political instability (with two more chancellors failing to stabilise the situation) to worsen, and the support of the conservative elite, to convince Hindenburg to appoint Hitler.
Hitler was sworn in as the chancellor of Germany on the 30 January 1933. The Nazis were now in power.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 08. NAZIS IN THE WILDERNESSGeorge Dumitrache
The “Lean Years” (also called the "wilderness" years) of Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany refer to the period between 1924 and 1928 when the Nazi party did not have high levels of support and still suffered from humiliation over the Munich Putsch. Why where these years “lean”?
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929George Dumitrache
The period 1924-1929 was a time when the Weimar economy recovered and cultural life in Germany flourished. This dramatic turnabout happened in large part because of the role played by Gustav Stresemann who became Chancellor in August 1923 during the hyperinflation crisis.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 06. THE BEER HALL PUTSCH 1923George Dumitrache
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff and other Kampfbund leaders in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923, during the Weimar Republic. Approximately two thousand Nazis marched on the Feldherrnhalle, in the city centre, but were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the deaths of 16 Nazi Party members and four police officers. Hitler escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason. The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation for the first time and generated front-page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicised and gave him a platform to express his nationalist sentiments to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated Mein Kampf to fellow prisoners Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess. On 20 December 1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Once released, Hitler redirected his focus towards obtaining power through legal means rather than by revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing Nazi propaganda.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATIONGeorge Dumitrache
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. It caused considerable internal political instability in the country, the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium, and misery for the general populace.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 03. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES IMPACT ON...George Dumitrache
Thanks to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's ability to produce revenue-generating coal and iron ore decreased. As war debts and reparations drained its coffers, the German government was unable to pay its debts. Some of the former World War I Allies didn't buy Germany's claim that it couldn't afford to pay.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 02. THE NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1918George Dumitrache
The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919. Among the factors leading to the revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANYGeorge Dumitrache
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANY. This presentation covers the social, economic and political impact of war along with a brief analysis of the physical cost of war.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
ABYSSINIAN CRISIS. The Abyssinian Crisis was over in 1936. Italy and Mussolini continually ignored the League of Nations and fully annexed Abyssinia on May 9th 1936. The League of Nations was shown to be ineffective. The League had not stood up against one of the strongest members and fulfilled the promise of collective security.
Manchurian Crisis. On September 18, 1931, an explosion destroyed a section of railway track near the city of Mukden. The Japanese, who owned the railway, blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and used the opportunity to retaliate and invade Manchuria.
05. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Great Depression and LON.pptxGeorge Dumitrache
GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The Great Depression of 1930-33 meant people turned to extremist dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini, who were keen to invade other countries. This made it hard for the League to maintain peace. The League had some very ambitious plans and ideals – to stop war and make the world a better place.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. When people use something, it becomes a resource.
At the most basic level, we need uncontaminated food and
water supplies, shelter, clothing and good health.
Resources are also required to make all the things that we use
in our daily lives.
3.
4. People in MEDCs need lots of resources to sustain their high
levels of consumption.
Whereas people in LEDCs sometimes have limited access to basic
resources such as food and water.
People in LEDCs also often have rich natural resources, such as
large forests and deep deposits of valuable metals and minerals.
To help them out of poverty, LEDCs can extract and sell
resources to MEDCs.
5.
6. This system creates a dependency that has serious implications
for the environment.
The more resources that MEDCs buy from LEDCs, the more
money there is for LEDCs to improve living standards, but the
greater the impact on the environment.
7. Ecotourism is increasingly popular and many people appreciate
remote locations, small numbers of tourists and less
sophisticated facilities.
If a resort becomes overdeveloped then they will choose
alternative destinations.
9. There is an increasing demand for goods and services from a
growing global population, especially those in MEDCs.
The world's resources are being used up more quickly.
The consumption of resources is spread unequally between
MEDCs, who use more resources, and LEDCs, who use less.
10. Socioeconomic consequences
Higher energy prices as sources are depleted, eg increase in
petrol prices and domestic fuel bills in the UK. This can have the
result of leaving the elderly and those on low incomes in fuel
poverty.
The gap between rich and poor becomes more evident.
Funding needed for research into alternative energy, and
increased costs for exploration and extraction of existing energy
sources.
11. Environmental consequences
Increased carbon emissions cause global warming with
consequences including climate change and sea levels rising due
to melting ice caps.
Air pollution from factories as countries industrialise and exploit
resources. The economic miracle in China is exploiting resources
at a rapid rate and making Chinese cities, such as Beijing, some
of the most polluted in the world.
Ecosystems such as rainforests are under threat from
exploitation as countries (eg Brazil) exploit their resources for
development.
12. Political consequences
Global agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon
emissions, and a need for international cooperation.
Loss of public support for governments from as domestic fuel
bills and petrol prices rise. People are forced to change their
lifestyle, which is unpopular.
13. Political consequences
Global agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon
emissions, and a need for international cooperation.
Loss of public support for governments from as domestic fuel
bills and petrol prices rise. People are forced to change their
lifestyle, which is unpopular.
14. The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the
1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, based on the scientific consensus that:
(a)global warming is occurring and
(b)it is extremely likely that human-made CO2 emissions have
predominantly caused it.
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on December
11, 1997 and entered into force on February 16, 2005. There are
currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012)
to the Protocol.
15. The world's natural resources have conflicting demands upon
them and can be difficult to manage.
16.
17. The environment should be preserved.
Resources need to be retained for future generations to enjoy.
Humans need to continue to make and do the things that allow
them to live comfortably.
LEDCs need to develop through exploiting their resources.
There should be a better balance between the consumption of
those resources between LEDCs and MEDCs.
18.
19. To conserve natural resources for future generations, sustainable
management of the natural environment is necessary.
Alternative resources might be developed in order to ease the
strain on finite resources.
Alternative resources can be expensive and take time to develop.
Existing resources could be used more efficiently, to prevent
finite resources being used up so quickly.
Ways to limit the damage caused by humans to the environment
include:
20. Sustainable resource management can help ensure that the use
of resources does not cause an imbalance in the environment.
Increasingly, sustainable practices are being encouraged to
preserve animal and plant life for the benefit of future
generations.
An example of sustainable development is eco-tourism.
Tourists are able to enjoy areas of natural beauty without
requiring over-development that might harm the environment.
21. Recycling resources reduces waste.
Used cans, bottles, paper and cardboard can be recycled and
reduces the need to use extra resources.
22. Limiting carbon emissions generated from industrial and
domestic use of fuels can assist in reducing pollution levels and
limit environmental problems such as global warming and acid
rain.
Some nations, including the UK, Australia and New Zealand,
signed the Kyoto Protocol to say they will try to reduce carbon
emissions.
23. Resource substitution is another sustainable way in which
resources can be managed.
Renewable resources can be used instead of finite resources.
Electric power can be produced with a renewable energy
resource such as tidal, wind or solar power instead of fossil fuels.
25. acid rain
Rain that contains dissolved acidic gases such as nitrogen oxides
and sulphur dioxide.
finite resource
Resource that can only be used once and is in limited supply. For
example, oil is a finite resource.
fossil fuel
Natural, finite fuel formed from the remains of living organisms,
eg oil, coal and natural gas.
global warming
The rise in the average temperature of the Earth's surface.
26. recycling
Reusing materials or reprocessing waste materials to produce new
materials.
renewable
Energy sources that are replenished and not exhausted, eg solar
power.
substitution
Replacing one thing with another. For example, one resource can be
replaced with another that is less harmful to the environment.
sustainable
An activity which does not consume or destroy resources or the
environment.