This document outlines a framework for measuring women's access to quality, gender-sensitive health services. The framework includes 5 components: 1) Comprehensiveness of information, 2) Comprehensiveness of women's health services, 3) Respect for women's human rights, 4) Technical competence of providers, and 5) Infrastructure and facilities. Each component contains several indicators to assess gender equality and women's human rights in health services, such as availability of women providers, informed consent practices, integration of related services, and infrastructure meeting gender needs. The framework aims to evaluate health services based on women's experiences and promote equitable, rights-based care for women.
1. INTRODUCTION: All humans are sexual beings. Regardless of gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs, physical and mental health, or other demographic factors, we express our sexuality in a variety of ways throughout our lives.
2. Meaning and Definition on Sexuality:
1. Capacity for sexual feelings.
2. A person's sexual orientation or preference.
3. The condition of having sex
4. Sexual activity
5. Expression of sexual receptivity or interest especially when excessive
3.Sexuality:
Sexuality the working definition of sexuality is:
“…a central aspect of being human throughout life encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction.
Sexuality is experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships.
While sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced or expressed. Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors.”
(WHO, 2006a)
4.Development of sexuality
At birth: gender assigned. It is common for 18 months old to play with genitals
3years: gender identification. Kids explore and fondle
4-5years: Normal to masturbate
School age: gender role behaviour is learned
6-12years: Identification with gender parent, both parents & kids have concerns & questions about sexuality & reproduction.
In this PPT i have discussed regarding sexuality and sexual health. The sub topics covered under sexuality and sexual health are as under:
1) Introduction
2) Definition of sexuality, human sexuality and sexual health
3) Importance of sexual health
4) Components of sexual health
5) Factor affecting sexual health
1. INTRODUCTION: All humans are sexual beings. Regardless of gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs, physical and mental health, or other demographic factors, we express our sexuality in a variety of ways throughout our lives.
2. Meaning and Definition on Sexuality:
1. Capacity for sexual feelings.
2. A person's sexual orientation or preference.
3. The condition of having sex
4. Sexual activity
5. Expression of sexual receptivity or interest especially when excessive
3.Sexuality:
Sexuality the working definition of sexuality is:
“…a central aspect of being human throughout life encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction.
Sexuality is experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships.
While sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced or expressed. Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors.”
(WHO, 2006a)
4.Development of sexuality
At birth: gender assigned. It is common for 18 months old to play with genitals
3years: gender identification. Kids explore and fondle
4-5years: Normal to masturbate
School age: gender role behaviour is learned
6-12years: Identification with gender parent, both parents & kids have concerns & questions about sexuality & reproduction.
In this PPT i have discussed regarding sexuality and sexual health. The sub topics covered under sexuality and sexual health are as under:
1) Introduction
2) Definition of sexuality, human sexuality and sexual health
3) Importance of sexual health
4) Components of sexual health
5) Factor affecting sexual health
A crash course in sexual health! Recommended for grade 9 and up. Topics include: PPR services, STIs, birth control, choosing abstinence, barrier use, prevention techniques, healthy decision making and healthy relationships.
Presentation made at the "Multi-Dimensional You” Seminar, organized by Radiant 2011 Forum, Nigeria Federation of Catholic Students (NFCS) FUTO Chapter, at Hall of Excellence, FUTO, Imo State. (June 25, 2016)
A crash course in sexual health! Recommended for grade 9 and up. Topics include: PPR services, STIs, birth control, choosing abstinence, barrier use, prevention techniques, healthy decision making and healthy relationships.
Presentation made at the "Multi-Dimensional You” Seminar, organized by Radiant 2011 Forum, Nigeria Federation of Catholic Students (NFCS) FUTO Chapter, at Hall of Excellence, FUTO, Imo State. (June 25, 2016)
Our amazing brains can put us at odds in the workplace. Learn how male and female brains differ and what you can do to bridge the gap in the workplace- and at home!
Who you are is not solely defined by how you grow on your own. People around you also play a significant part in this, especially in the workplace. Discovering your skills is an achievement, and dealing with colleagues is a mission.
Genetic differences between men and women, particularly when analyzing the "Y" chromosome (Based on research by Dr. David Page - Director of the Whitehead Institute and professor of biology at MIT)
Balancing Work Life Emerging Gender IssuesElijah Ezendu
Issues in managing women career development in a firm while attempting to strike a balance between family, domestic and other personal commitments on one hand and demands of workplace objectives
Curious where you fall among the sixteen personality types created by Isabel Briggs Myers? This presentation explains how to discover your own type by understanding the four key dimensions of personality.
This is a group work that was done by students studying Ethics at Strathmore University, School of Accountancy. Visit the class blog- http://ethics-talk.bogspot.com. for more details.
Gender differences in the workplace are continuing to grow as new positions are being introduced. Workfront, the leading provider of work management solutions for enterprises, set out to identify the gender differences in office and how they affect one’s work. Here are some of the key takeaways from this year’s State of Enterprise Work Report…
Health problems can be caused by a person's genetic make-up, lifestyle behaviours (e.g. smoking), exposure to toxic substances (e.g. asbestos) or other reasons. With multiple health problems, one illness or its treatment might lead to another.
This slide contains information regarding Gender Based Violence. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
The history of Eastern painting is as old as the civilization of China. It is historically comparable to Western painting. Eastern countries continued to influence each other’s production of arts over the centuries.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. What is sex?
Sex refers to the universal biological differences between
women and men
SEX does not change
Sex is determined by --the chromosomes
(determined before
birth)
Sex is differentiated
by
the reproductive
system---external genitalia &
internal
reproductive organs
3. What is gender?
• A person is not born with gender characteristics but
develops as she/he grows up (influenced by social
factors, environment, culture, customs –different in
different settings)
4. What is gender?
• Gender refers to roles that men and women play and
the relations that arise out of these roles
5. “SEX” and “GENDER” are not the same!
SEX
Biological
Constant across time
and location
Universal
GENDER
Social
Varies across time and
location
Contextual
6. These roles and expectations are:
Usually unequal in terms of
• power and control over decision
-making
• assets and freedom of action
• culturally specific
• change over time
7. Characteristics of Gender
Relational
Socially constructed
man & woman
Hierarchical
Power relations
Changes
Changes over time
Context
Varies with ethnicity,
class, culture, etc
Institutional
Systemic
8. Differences between Sex & Gender
Sex
Gender
The biological differences with which
men and women are born
• Fixed and unchanging over time
The socially defined roles and
responsibilities assigned to men and
women
• Changes over time
• Do not vary between different
cultures
• Are not influenced by economic and
social factors
• Are the same for women as well as for
men
•
Differ from one culture to another
•
Are influenced by many factors—
education, income level, age, social
class, religion & others
•
Are different amongst women and
men depending on age, ethnic
group, income, culture, tradition &
other factors
9. Exercise on Sex and Gender
Sort and put into boxes of Sex/Gender
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Only women can conceive and give birth
Most men are taller than women
Women are more loving and caring
Men are the best chefs
The most important role of a woman is to become a mother
Women suffer from pre-menstrual tension, men do not
Men think and act more rationally than women
Only men can supply sperm for fertilization
The most important role of the man is to be a bread-winner
Men cannot breast feed babies
Women are poor managers
Men’s voices break at puberty, women’s don’t
10. Correct grouping of statements
Sex
Only women can conceive and give
birth
Most men are taller than women
Only men can supply the sperm for
fertilization
Men cannot breast feed babies
Men’s voices break at puberty,
women’s don’t
Women suffer from pre-menstrual
tension, men do not
Gender
• Women are more loving and caring
• Men are the best chefs
• The most important role of the woman
is to be a mother
• Men think and act more rationally
than woman
• The most important role of the man
is to be a bread-winner
• Women are poor managers
12. Men & women face some specific health problems
due to biological differences
Women face health problems not only due to
biological disadvantages but also due to social
inequalities
The influence of gender is manifested at every
phase of the life cycle of women & men, it has
particular impact on the health of women
13. At pregnancy (Conception and Birth)
Prenatal sex
detection tests are
carried out.
- These tests reveal
the foetus to be a girl,
some families resort
to abortion due to
the predominant son
preference.
14. At birth
Birth of a baby boy
• The family rejoices at the birth of
a boy
• The male child is favored because
boys are perceived as capable of
earning and adding to family
wealth, carrying on the family
name and supporting parents in
old age etc.
• Some continue bearing children
repeatedly till a son is born great
strain to the health of women
Birth of a baby girl
• The birth of girls is not
celebrated as the birth of boys.
15. At Childhood
•There are marked differences in the
child rearing practices for boys and
girls.
• School enrolment and retention are
lower in the case of girls.
• The nutritional intake of girls is
lower than that of boys.
• Girls start participation in work at a
younger age. Physical abuse & child
neglect prevail more commonly for
girls
•Aggressive & risk taking behaviour is
tolerated and encouraged in boys,
leading to more injuries and accidents
16. - Nutritional deficiency diseases like IDA are
common among adolescent girl.
- Movement and social interaction of girls is
curtailed with the onset of menarche
- Education is discontinued and access to
information is reduced. Adolescent girls share
a great deal of domestic work
- Early marriage of girls makes them
vulnerable to malnutrition and incomplete
physical and mental development.
- Early marriage places heavy responsibility
and burden on girls beyond their age and
maturity.
- Teenage pregnancy places girls at high risk of
morbidity and mortality.
- Prone to violence eg rape, STI, HIV/AIDS
- Prone to trafficking (for sex, for labour)
Adolescent Girls
17. Adolescent Boys
- Alcohol, drug abuse and tobacco
use are more common in boys.
- Accidents, homocide and
violence associated with stereo
typed masculine attitudes are
common in boys.
-Exploration into sexual behavior
before marriage is more common
among boys placing them at risk of
STDs and HIV/AIDS placing their
partners after marriage also at risk
18. Women suffer a greater burden related to
reproductive health system & gender
inequalities.
- Double burden of productive and
reproductive life.
-Prone to Anemia, obstetrical & gynaecological
diseases and lack of access to MCH care
-Prone to domestic violence (physical and
mental)
- Depression is also frequent.
-Prostitution and exposure to STDs and
HIV/AIDS is more likely in women.
-Breast cancer, ovarian cancer and cervical
cancer are specific.
- Women have very little choice and control
over family planning methods.
Adult Female
19. Adult male
- Domestic violence, accidents and
injury are more common in women.
- Violence in the street and
occupational injuries are more
common among men.
- Men are more exposed to smoking ,
alcohol and suffer specific conditions
like lung cancer, heart diseases and
liver diseases.
- Men engaged in practices that are
harmful to them and their families
20. Adequate attention is not being paid
to problems of the aged-both of men
and women.
- Women in general live longer than
men. But this does not mean that
they lead healthier lives because of
economic dependence and low social
status.
- Osteoporosis is eight times more
common in women than men.
Elderly
21. Old suffer due to biological and social decline
Male
Female
Biological
Biological
- Cancer of prostate
- Osteoporosis is 8 times than in
male
- Diseases of male genital tract
- Hernia
- UVP , Ca Cervix, Ca endometrium
Social
- neglect, depression
Social
- Depression is 2 or 3 times than in
men
- neglect, abuse mentally
24. Gender equality
… absence of discrimination on the basis of a person’s sex.
… equal rights in social, economic, civil, and political life.
Gender equality A condition in which women and men participate
as equals, have equal access to resources, and equal
opportunities to exercise control over resources and decisions.
eg:
• females as well as males should be able to go to school at
school going age;
• females and males enjoy adequate health care and shelter;
• and females and males be able to access economic resources.
25. Gender equity
… the quality of being fair, just and right to men and women.
… fairness and justice to both women and men according to
their needs rather than biased perception based on gender
stereotypes.
The concept of gender equity deals with how men and
women are able to use these opportunities to achieve a fair
and just balance between them.
What constitutes a fair and just outcome once equality of
opportunity is achieved?
Guaranteeing fair outcomes depends on the balance of
power and the ability to transform the structures and
processes which buttress inequality.
27. Framework to measure Women’s
Access to Quality, Gender Sensitive
Health Services
28. Framework to measure Women’s Access to Quality, Gender Sensitive Health Services
Indicators to measure women’s human rights and gender, are integrated into
each component of this framework.
The five components are:
1. Comprehensiveness of information
2. Comprehensiveness of women’s health services
3. Respect of women’s human rights
4. Technical competence of providers
5. Infrastructure and facilities
29. 1. Comprehensiveness of Information
1. Adequacy of the content of information given to resolve or
prevent the health problem… eg: Gender and TB
Causes, S/S
Risks of woman
getting infection
Preventive measures
Delay in
getting
treatment
by women
Resolve
30. 1. Comprehensiveness of Information
2. Extent to which the information includes the recognition of the
promotion of the rights of clients to information and quality health care
eg: Gender and pregnancy
“This labour room can be used only if the toilet is
repaired. Let us repair this toilet for the women
in labour”
Eg: in HIV/AIDS
Counseling services
VCCT to pregnant woman
31. 1. Comprehensiveness of Information
3. Adequacy of information given recognizing and promoting
women’s self health care measures
Body mapping exercise
Eg: ARH programme
32. 1. Comprehensiveness of Information
4. Adequacy of pamphlet or written information content and promotion of pamphlet.
Condom promotion for prevention of pre-marital sex
and prevention of STDs/HIV and AIDS
Mode of Transmission
of HIV/AIDS
33. 1. Comprehensiveness of Information
5. Extent to which women providers are available for medical examination and childbirth.
34. 1. Comprehensiveness of Information
6. Extent of provision of information during relevant women’s health services,
on the following key gender and women’s rights issues
− Violence against women
− Contraception
− Sexual relations
− Rights and negotiation in decision-making between women and men
towards gender-equality
35. 1. Comprehensiveness of Information
7. Scheduling of service time and waiting time takes into consideration women’s
and men’s gender roles in the household (eg: child care and cooking)
Daily Time-Use Analysis (Daily Activity Clocks)
Female
Male
12
9
12
3
6
9
3
6
36. 2. Comprehensiveness of Women’s Health Services
1. Adequacy of integration and provision of related health services
in areas such as
•
STDs
•
RTIs
•
cancer screening
•
Sexuality
•
HIV/AIDS
•
VAW
•
Contraception
•
MCH & emergency obstetrics and
•
mental health in order to meet the women’s total health needs.
37. 2. Comprehensiveness of Women’s Health Services
2. Extent to which providers’ ask women if they want their men’s
partners’ involvement in resolving their health needs and
problems and extent that providers follow up by encouraging the
men partners to take responsible action
38. 2. Comprehensiveness of Women’s Health Services
3. Extent to which the service provided do not reinforce unequal
gender roles and gender stereotyped behaviour but promote
gender equality, eg: extent that men are allowed and encouraged
to participate childbirth process, decision on contraceptive
methods and STD screening and treatment
Eg: Ignoring labour pain
Eg: Perspective towards pain because of gender
stereotyped behaviour
Eg: Involvement of male in
STD and HIV/AIDS prevention
39. 3. Respect for Women’s Human Rights (Interpersonal
Relationship)
1. Adequacy of respect shown to women (eg: absence of scolding,
rudeness and mistreatment).
2. Adequacy of care shown to women including emotional support.
3. Confidentiality principles practiced.
4. Extent to which women are allowed and encouraged to ask
questions, express suggestions and give feedback and complaints
to service providers
5. Extent to which women participate equally in decision making with
partner and/or service provider when a choice has to be made such
as family planning contraceptive method, childbirth position,
Caesarean birth, and other routine and emergency medical
procedures.
40. Examples
• ""My parents are simple and they allowed this man
to come to the house for examining me. He came
when the parents were not at home and examined
me by touching my breasts. Next time I did not see
him anymore and discontinued treatment."
•
(FGD 45 year old female leprosy
patient)
• "With female provider we can speak more openly.
When I started treatment I took it from a midwife as I
have to show the patch on my back."
•
(35 year old female PAL)
41. 3. Respect for Women’s Human Rights (Interpersonal
Relationship)
6. Extent to which women’s health decisions or agreements are based
on informed consent (ie. Up to date and accurate information on the
method and procedure is given including advantages and
disadvantages, risks and benefits, costs, etc.
7. Adequacy of service provider’s language, both appropriateness of
level of complexity of expression, and the use of local languages and
medical terms.
8. Extent of acknowledgement and respect of women’s own knowledge,
practice and experience related to the health problem including the
links to culture and religion.
9. Extent to which husband’s notification and/or consent is not required
for specific reproductive procedures (eg: ligation, abortion and
caesarean births etc) procedures on this exist and women can decide
autonomously.
42. 4. Technical competence of providers
1. Adequacy of protocols and procedures regarding health and
treatment.
2. Adequacy of technical treatment, procedures and information.
3. Adequacy of medical records.
4. Extent mechanisms exist for eliciting regular feedback from women
on the quality of services and evaluating their satisfaction with
services
5. Extent of protocols to build in women’s feedback into providerwomen interaction and service provision.
43. 4. Technical competence of providers
6. Existence and use of client suggestion or complaint boxes.
7. Capacity for conducting periodic qualitative research studies on
quality of health care from women’s perspectives.
8. Extent evaluation procedures exist to assess the women’s overall
satisfaction with the services provided.
9. Extent of provider knowledge on
poverty;
women’s rights;
gender issues in health;
sexuality and reproduction;
and on community services for referral of women who have
been abused.
44. 5. Infrastructure and facilities
1. Adequacy of quantity and quality of:
Health facilities
Equipment
Drugs
Child care areas
Security/safety features
Privacy for consultation and treatment
Allocation of toilets and hospital beds according to gender needs
2. Extent of gender bias of service availability or provision made for a
particular sex (eg; allocation of hospital beds by gender)