Adolescence is defined as the period from puberty to adulthood. During this stage, adolescents experience significant physical, psychological, and social changes. Physically, they undergo puberty and reach sexual maturity. Cognitively, their abstract thinking abilities advance. Emotionally, they develop a sense of identity and independence. Socially, peer relationships gain importance. Adolescents are vulnerable to health issues like malnutrition, STIs, substance abuse, and mental health problems. Promoting their well-being requires supporting healthy relationships, preventing violence and abuse, and ensuring access to education and healthcare.
This includes the physical development , motor - gross and fine motor development , language development , intellectual development , psychosocial development , play, common health problems and areas of health education of the school aged children .(6 - 12 years)
This includes the physical development , motor - gross and fine motor development , language development , intellectual development , psychosocial development , play, common health problems and areas of health education of the school aged children .(6 - 12 years)
Childhood is a period where the needs vary according to age.
For a pediatric nurse when dealing with children they should be aware of the needs of a healthy child.
Defines and explains the Physical, Physiological, Gross motor and fine motor, Sensory, Language and Speech Development, Needs of a toddler and accident prevention in toddlers
Notes on unit 02 - growth & development introductionBabitha Devu
It is a platform for pediatric nurses to review the introduction about growth & development, its theories, principles and how to assess these parameters.
The word ‘Autism’ is derived from Greek word ‘autos’ means ‘self’.
Autism is a developmental disorder that is characterized by impaired development in communication, social interaction, and behavior.
Childhood is a period where the needs vary according to age.
For a pediatric nurse when dealing with children they should be aware of the needs of a healthy child.
Defines and explains the Physical, Physiological, Gross motor and fine motor, Sensory, Language and Speech Development, Needs of a toddler and accident prevention in toddlers
Notes on unit 02 - growth & development introductionBabitha Devu
It is a platform for pediatric nurses to review the introduction about growth & development, its theories, principles and how to assess these parameters.
The word ‘Autism’ is derived from Greek word ‘autos’ means ‘self’.
Autism is a developmental disorder that is characterized by impaired development in communication, social interaction, and behavior.
it is a unique stage of human development and an important time for laying the foundations of good health. Adolescence is the developmental transition to adulthood that includes rapid changes in the brain and body, often at different rates and is a time for healthy exploration of identity and learning independence. it can also be stressful or challenging for teens because of these rapid changes.
Adolescence is the phase of life between childhood and adulthood, from ages 10 to 19. It is a unique stage of human development and an important time for laying the foundations of good health.
Adolescents experience rapid physical, cognitive and psychosocial growth. This affects how they feel, think, make decisions, and interact with the world around them.
Despite being thought of as a healthy stage of life, there is significant death, illness and injury in the adolescent years. Much of this is preventable or treatable. During this phase, adolescents establish patterns of behaviour – for instance, related to diet, physical activity, substance use, and sexual activity – that can protect their health and the health of others around them, or put their health at risk now and in the future.
To grow and develop in good health, adolescents need information, including age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality education; opportunities to develop life skills; health services that are acceptable, equitable, appropriate and effective; and safe and supportive environments. They also need opportunities to meaningfully participate in the design and delivery of interventions to improve and maintain their health. Expanding such opportunities is key to responding to adolescents’ specific needs and rights.
adolescence, transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as any person between ages 10 and 19. This age range falls within WHO’s definition of young people, which refers to individuals between ages 10 and 24.
In many societies, however, adolescence is narrowly equated with puberty and the cycle of physical changes culminating in reproductive maturity. In other societies adolescence is understood in broader terms that encompass psychological, social, and moral terrain as well as the strictly physical aspects of maturation. In these societies the term adolescence typically refers to the period between ages 12 and 20 and is roughly equivalent to the word teens.
Muscles of facial expression, human anatomy, (Netter replacement project - SSC). Human face, human head.
Britannica Quiz
Characteristics of the Human Body
During adolescence, issues of emotional (if not physical) separation from parents arise. While this sense of separation is a necessary step in the establishment of personal values, the transition to self-sufficiency forces an array of adjustments upon many adolescents. Furthermore, teenagers seldom have clear roles of their own in society but instead occupy an ambiguous period between childhood and adulthood. These issues most often define adolescence in Western cultures, and the response to them partly determines the nature of an individual’s adult years. Also during adolescence, the individual experiences an upsurge of sexual feelings following the latent sexuality of childhood. It is during adolescence that the individual learns to control and direct sexualed
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
1. BY BABY LIXINA
1ST YEAR MSc.Nursing student
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF
ADOLESCENT
2. DEFINITION OF GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH:
It is a process of physical maturation resulting
in size of the body and various organs.it
occurs by multiplication of the cells and
increase in intracellular substance.it can be
measured in
inches/centimeters/pounds/kilograms.
3. DEVELOPMENT:
It is the process of functional and
physiological maturation of the individual.it is
progressive increase in skill and capacity to
function.it is related to myelination and
maturation of the nervous system.it includes
psychological, emotional and social changes.
4. DEFINITION OF ADOLESCENCE:
• It is defined as the period from the onset of
puberty to the termination of physical growth
and attainment of the final adult height and
characteristics.
• According to UNICEF, the sequence of events
by which the individual is transformed into a young
adult by a series of biological changes
5. CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENCE:
Develop an increasing capacity for abstract and critical
thought, along with heightened sense of self awareness
and emotional independence.
Adopt attitudes, values and behaviors that will carry with
them into childhood.
Experience physical growth which is carried by sexual
maturation ,leading to intimate relationships. They also
form social relationship beyond the family to include
peers and older adults.
Acquire new capacities and skills.
Experience growing independence, making own decisions.
6. UNIVERSAL FEATURES OF ADOLESCENT
DEVELOPMENT:
UNIVERSAL FEATURES OF ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Onset of puberty
Biological
changes
Cognitive
changes
Emotional
changesSelf image,intimacy,relation
with adults and peers.
Emergence of more advanced
cognitive abilities
Transition into new roles in
society.
Social
changes
7. STAGES OF ADOLESCENCE
There are three main stages that can be discerned,
Early adolescence (9-13 years).this is characterized by a
spurt of growth and the development of secondary sexual
characteristics.
Mid adolescence (14-15 years).this stage is distinguished
by the development of a separate identity from parents ,of
new relationships with peer groups and the opposite sex,
and of experimentation.
Late adolescence (16-19 years).at this stage, adolescent
have fully developed physical characteristics(similar to
adults),and have formed a distinct identity and have well-
formed opinions and ideas.
8. • Change or thickening in the voice.
• Growth of hair on the chin and face,
followed by hair on the chest and
increase of hair on the body including
the pubic region..
•
• Development of genitals.
• Experience wet dreams at night when
they may involuntary ejaculate.
• Curves develop, the breast get painful,
and begin to grow.
• Hair sprout in pubic area and under
arms.
• Menstrual cycle begins.
• Ovaries begin to ovulate at around 11-
14 years or earlier once every 28 days
• Fertilization occurs when a female egg
unites with male sperm ,which leads to
pregnancy. If fertilization does not take
place ,menstruation occurs
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN ADOLESCENTS:
CHANGES IN GIRLS CHANGES IN BOYS
9. PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES
• The development of a sense of identity distinct from
parents and developing own self worth, the exploration of
new relationship with the peer groups, with opposite sex,
families and the community is a hallmark of adolescence.
•
• Psychological symptoms such as headache, body ache,
insomnia, lack of concentration, anxiety, delayed
menstrual periods, vaginal discharge, anxiety about semen
loss and relationship
• Hormonal changes such as arousal, irritability and
aggressiveness.
10. FACTORS AFFECTING ADOLENSCENT HEALTH
AND DEVELOPMENT
• SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND ADOLSCENTS
• Social attitudes and norms:
• Social norms that value adolscents, the heakth and
development promote healthy development. Social norms
may also serves as negative influences, eg: early marriage
among adolscent girls.
• Relationship with the family, friends and other adults:
• Numerous health behavior and attitudes in adolescence
and other adulthood are begun in the family setting during
childhood. Lifestyle related habits in hygiene, nutrition,
physical activities and communication skills, are essential
part of family education.
11. Mass media and entertainment:
It promotes adolescent health development by
Providing accurate information on health and
development issues.
Communicating and mobilizing community support
for promoting adolescent health and development
Addressing aspects of social environment suh as
social norm and policies that have a negative
impact on adolescent health and development.
12. GENERAL HEALTH PROBLEM OF ADOLSCENT:
1.PROBLEMS THAT ORIGINATE IN CHILDHOOD AND IMPACT
HEALTH IN ADOLESCENT.
• Fetal malnutrition causes health problems throughout the reproductive
years and beyond, such as stunted growth ,anemia during pregnancy,
iodine deficiency, vit A blindness
• Young people who survive repeated cycles of diarrheal and
respiratory diseases fail to attain full adult growth
• Infections such as poliomyelitis cause permanent disability.
• Differential access to food and care in infancy, child marriage, sexual
abuse by adults or child prostitution can seriously affect the physical,
mental and social wellbeing of adolescent
13. PROBLEMS ORIGINATING IN ADOLESCENCE
WITH LIFELONG HEALTH CONSEQUENCES:
• The use tobacco, alcohol, drug are harmful substance causes life
threating situations among adolescent.
• Low status of women and their relatives lack of physical, social and
economic power makes them more vulnerable among others to:
• Physical violence
• Economically coerced sex
• Sexual harassment
• Abuse at workplace
• Forced prostitution
14. ADOLESCENT NUTRITION:
Physical growth, mental development ,performance and productivity. The rapid
adolescence growth spurt places extra demand on nutritional requirements.
• Inadequate nutrition in adolescence can potentially retard growth, sexual
maturation and chronic diseases.
• Girls are especially are at high risk of malnutrition because of gender
discrimination.
UNDER NUTRITION
• Inadequate food supply, especially in poor households, is a major
contributing factor to under nutrition. For adolescent girls, gender based
discrimination of, and access to, food within the family can be a strong factor
in under nutrition
15. .• Micronutrient deficiency:
• Deficiencies of vitamin A, iodine and iron are common
among adolescents. The adverse effects of these
deficiencies include delayed growth spurt, stunted height,
delayed/retarded intellectual development, anemia, and
increased risk in childbirth.
•
• Iron deficiency anemia(IDA) is generally recognized as
the main nutritional problem in adolescents; its prevalence
ranging from more than 50%in developing countries to 6%
in industrialized countries.
16. NUTRITION
• Overweight and obesity:
Lifestyle changes related to high fat diet and low levels of physical activity have
resulted in rising prevalence of overweight and obese adolescents especially in urban
areas. It includes risk of having diseases such as diabetes, hyper tension, stroke,
cardiovascular disease, cancer and gallbladder diseases.
• Eating Disorders
Most adolescents are conscious about the changes in their bodies. They want to
conform to the “ideal” body image. As such, these try unhealthy diets and engage in
unhealthy eating habits that can lead to eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa has been
observed among young women from various social, economic and ethnic
backgrounds. The factors associated with eating disorders are complex however; the
association between eating disorders and low self-esteem is common.
•
17. NUTRITION
• Lifestyle and Eating Patterns:
Adolescents are greatly influenced in their eating habits by peers,
mass media, social and cultural norms and lack of nutritional knowledge.
They are likely to eat snacks meal of poor nutrient content, eat fast or
junk foods. They less likely eat vegetables and fruits.
• Impact of excessive weight control:
Adolescents girls go to extreme measured to remain thin. Young women
want to reduce their weight in order to look more beautiful attractive and
healthy. They do dieting supported by their friends and commercial
advertising. They suffer from iron deficiency anemia, osteoporosis,
eating disorders and amenorrhea
18. MENTAL HEALTH IN ADOLESCENTS
• Mental disorders:
Mental health affect all of us at one point on another. The
problem may be short lived or may be severe, interfering
with an individuals cognitive, emotional or social abilities.
These are called mental disorders. Common mental disorders
in adolescents are dipression, anxiety, substance
abuse(marijuana).
• Emotional problems:
These includes sadness, anxiety, anger and stress. Stress is
because of physical psychological, social and sexual changes
during adolescents.
19. .
.
• Behavioral problems
These include aggressive or disruptive behavior towards parents, teachers
siblings, friends etc. Risky behavior such as unsafe sex, hazardous drunk
driving, smoking, self harm, physical inactivity, educational failure and
school drop out are linked with mental health problems.
• Identity problems:
In todays world where there are so much diversity, mobility and
opportunities it is difficult for adolescents to decide their identities.
• Others:
Early child bearing, unwanted pregnancies, abortion sexually transmitted
infection social stigma and loss of education may impose stress on
adolescents
20. PROMOTING ADOLESCENTS HEALTH
• 1.PROMOTING MENTAL HEALTH:
• Promotes positive, caring and supportive relationship between adolescents and their
families, peers teachers etc.
• Ensure that adolescent’s lives are free from neglect, trauma, stress, violence and abuse.
• Ensure good living conditions
• Ensure their access to educational and vocational training.
2.PROMOTING SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH:
• Working with young people to determine where and how they spend time, obtain health
information and seek health services
• Expansion of school programs to call-in media shows, hotlines, discussion group, youth
camps, reproductive health club, peer education, drama competition and mailing, can be
used to make information meaningful and attractive
• Sexual education helps to ensure sexual active youth to protect themselves from
pregnancies and disease.
21. PROMOTING ADOLESCENT HEALTH:
• 3.EDUCATION :
Education provides adolescents with the opportunity to maximize their
potential skills for social and economic participation in future. It
promotes positive behavior choices, healthy behavior and health
outcomes
• 4.SCHOOL BASED HEALTH PROMOTION:
School can deliver health programs that includes health
education, health prevention activities including physical and mental
health, nutritional and food safety, physical education etc. Educational
programs in schools helps to monitor students how they behave with one
another.
22. ADOLESCENT FRIENDLY HEALTH SERVICES:
• Urgent action is required to improve ability of health
worker to respond to their adolescents patients more
effectively to make health services more accessible and
acceptable to them. These includes
• To set up adolescents or youth friendly health centers
• To make existing ones more youth friendly than current
one.
• To deliver services and supplies to young people outside
health center setting.