An Expert Committee (1971) of the WHO defined family planning as "a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily, upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes and responsible decisions by individuals and couples, in order to promote the health and welfare of the family group and thus contribute effectively to the social development of a country“.
Basic Human Rights
Scope of family planning services
Health aspects of family planning:
1. Women's health: Unwanted pregnancies, Limiting the number of births and proper spacing, Timing of births
2. Foetal health
3. Child health: Child mortality, Child growth, development and nutrition, Infectious diseases
The welfare concept
Small-family norm
Eligible couples
Target couples
Couple protection rate (CPR)
Female Community Health Volunteers in Nepal: What We Know and Steps Going For...JSI
Presented by Leela Khanal, Project Director, JSI/Chlorhexidine Navi Care Program, at a USAID brown bag meeting on July 20, 2016.
The presentation shows the results of the recent Nepal Female Community Health Volunteer (FCHV) National Survey which was funded by USAID, UNICEF, and Save the Children, and conducted by Advancing Partners & Communities in partnership with the Ministry of Health and Population. It collected updated information on FCHV work profiles, the services they provide, and the support they receive from different levels of the health system. In addition, the survey set out to understand FCHV motivational factors, and how FCHVs are perceived by the communities that they serve. The ultimate goal of the survey was to identify possible suggestions for policy change or other strategies to sustain the FCHV program in Nepal.
Objectives and National organizations in family welfare programme. this presentation includes the objectives of family welfare programme and some of the national organizations in family welfare programme.
Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: A Global PerspectiveMichelle Avelino
Presentation of Jacqueline F. Kitong, M.D., MPH, technical officer for Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition, World Health Organization at the PhilHealth Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Summit
An Expert Committee (1971) of the WHO defined family planning as "a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily, upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes and responsible decisions by individuals and couples, in order to promote the health and welfare of the family group and thus contribute effectively to the social development of a country“.
Basic Human Rights
Scope of family planning services
Health aspects of family planning:
1. Women's health: Unwanted pregnancies, Limiting the number of births and proper spacing, Timing of births
2. Foetal health
3. Child health: Child mortality, Child growth, development and nutrition, Infectious diseases
The welfare concept
Small-family norm
Eligible couples
Target couples
Couple protection rate (CPR)
Female Community Health Volunteers in Nepal: What We Know and Steps Going For...JSI
Presented by Leela Khanal, Project Director, JSI/Chlorhexidine Navi Care Program, at a USAID brown bag meeting on July 20, 2016.
The presentation shows the results of the recent Nepal Female Community Health Volunteer (FCHV) National Survey which was funded by USAID, UNICEF, and Save the Children, and conducted by Advancing Partners & Communities in partnership with the Ministry of Health and Population. It collected updated information on FCHV work profiles, the services they provide, and the support they receive from different levels of the health system. In addition, the survey set out to understand FCHV motivational factors, and how FCHVs are perceived by the communities that they serve. The ultimate goal of the survey was to identify possible suggestions for policy change or other strategies to sustain the FCHV program in Nepal.
Objectives and National organizations in family welfare programme. this presentation includes the objectives of family welfare programme and some of the national organizations in family welfare programme.
Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: A Global PerspectiveMichelle Avelino
Presentation of Jacqueline F. Kitong, M.D., MPH, technical officer for Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition, World Health Organization at the PhilHealth Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Summit
CEDAW is the United Nations Women's Equality Treaty.
The United States is the only industrialized nation that has not ratified it. Louisville is part of a national movement called Cities for CEDAW that aims for local implementation of the principles of the treaty. There is so much work to be done to protect and empower girls and women in Louisville, in Kentucky, in the U.S. and all around the world. Contact Rev. Mary Sue Barnett to endorse the coalition and to join the movement.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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2. CEDAW-Related Implementations on Health
Article 12
• It seeks to eliminate discrimination in the access to
healthcare for women
• and necessitates gender specific healthcare
services such as those related to pregnancy and
postnatal care.
• GRs that pertain to Article 12 are 14,15,19,24
General Recommendation 14
•It recommends several measures to eradicate female
circumcision…. NOT APPLICABLE TO MYANMAR
3. CEDAW CONVENTION
General Recommendation 15
• In view of the risk and effect of AIDS especially
among women and children it recommends that
AIDS-combat programmes that incorporate the
rights and needs of women especially in relation to
their reproductive role and subordinate position be
adopted.
• The participation of women in healthcare and HIV
infection prevention programmes is to be
encouraged
4. Ministry of Health
Responsible for providing health care covering
promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative
services to the entire population in the country.
Health care activities are in line with National Health
Plan 2006-2011
Under the guidance of the Government of the Union
of Myanmar, MOH is working in collaboration with-
Related Ministries
UN Agencies
Bilateral Organizations
Non Governmental Organizations both Local and International
Other civil societies
5. Nation’s commitment to International Instruments
MOH is contributing the health care activities along the
following International commitments:
ICPD plus 10
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Child Rights
CEDAW
Beijing Platform of Action
MDG 2015
FCTC (Framework Convention on Tobacco Control)
6. HIV/AIDS-combat programs-NAP,DOH,MOH
• Number of people living with HIV/ AIDS in
Myanmar among the 15 to 49 years was
240,000 in 2009.
• HIV prevalence in Myanmar has reduced from
1.5% in 2000 to 0.61% in 2009.
• HIV in Myanmar has had its peak in 2000, and
then leveling off.
• A total of 15,191 AIDS patients have been
receiving ARV as of 2008
• 30,344 PLHA have received Opportunistic
Infection drugs in the public and private sectors
by the end of 2008.
7. HIV/AIDS combat programs
• Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Program (PMCT)
was launched since 2000-2001 and has been implemented
both in community- and facility-based settings in coordination
and collaboration with UNICEF, UNFPA, WHO, local and
INGOS and related sectors.
• Community based PMCT established in (185) townships and
institutional based PMCT in (38) hospitals over the country.
• As of 2009, prevention from mother to child transmission has
been conducted in (1,773) couple of mother and child by giving
prophylactic ARV from NAP.
9. HIV/AIDS combat programs
• As of 2008, 11,072 males and 11,749 females to a total of
23451 had obtained home based care for PLHIV.
• Greater involvement of people with AIDS (GIPA) programs
have been implemented through formation of PLHIV networks
by NAP in coordination with UN Agencies and NGOs.
• PLHIV and other civil society members have actively
participated in the National Strategic Plan development
process and are well represented in the Country Coordinating
Body for 3 Diseases Fund as well as in Technical and Strategy
Group for AIDS.
10. HIV/AIDS combat programs
• Providing a caring, protective and supportive environment for
PLHIV and their families is a key priority in Myanmar.
• Strategies include
– involvement of PLHIV in project activities as peer workers such as
counselors, health educators and outreach workers
– enabling access to education, employment and social support, along
with the engagement of community leaders to promote a positive
behavior around HIV issues .
– NAP with support from WHO and in close collaboration with many
NGOs is also implementing comprehensive and continuum of care for
PLHIV by integrating prevention, clinical care and support services
aiming for universal access to care.
11. Care and support for the persons infected and affected with
HIV and AIDS
12. CEDAW CONVENTION
General Recommendation 19
a)It recognizes the violence against women in general puts their
health and life at risk.
DOH Gender and Women’s Health project has worked upon
GBV during 2008-2009 biennium
1. Gender sensitive disaster management trainings were given to
Basic Health Staff from the disaster affected areas of
Ayeyarwaddy Division, Yangon Division and Mon State.
•Participatory training with exercises on sharing of experience of
BHS from disaster struck areas followed by theoretical training.
13. CEDAW CONVENTION
2. Survey on Gender Based Domestic Violence in two townships
in Myanmar
Total (265) married women (107) from Pyinmanar and (158) from
Hlegu, living in periurban or rural areas were interviewed.
Data analysis near to final.
Later dissemination of survey results and sensitization of G
sensitive policy and programmes to PM.
General Recommendation 19
b)Similarly, certain traditional practices harmful to health of
women and children, for example, female circumcision, dietary
restrictions on pregnant women and preference of the male child,
must be addressed.
14. Antenatal care for Pregnant Mothers
Includes nutrition
promotion activities
and heath
education for AN
mothers to take
nutritious foods
during pregnancy
15. Control of
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in children
• Interventions :
– Growth Monitoring and Promotion
– Nutrition Rehabilitation
• Community Nutrition Centres
• Hospital Nutrition Units
• Village Food Banks
– Proper infant and young child feeding
• Impact: Prevalence of under-weight decreased
from 38.6% in 1997 to 31.8% in 2003
16. Preference of male child
• Myanmar culture also prefers male
child as the parents would have a
chance to let the son enter into
monkhood (Shin pyu) which happens
to be a huge ceremony, depending
upon the capacity of the family,
believed to be a great merit to the
family.
• Although this value has in most
people’s heart, if girls are born still there is no discrimination as
girls are thought to be the ones who will look after the family.
(results from BHS trainings on Gender and Health)
17. CEDAW CONVENTION
General Recommendation 19
c)It also seeks to prevent coercion of women with respect to
fertility and reproduction, and recommends fertility control to
help avoid unsafe medical procedures.
• In Myanmar, birth spacing project -started since 1991,
providing services thru’ community-based distribution system.
• The birth spacing projects were funded by different funding
agencies FPIA, UNFPA and UNDP.
• It has been expanded in phase manner.
• Couple counseling and informed choices of both male and
female contraceptive methods are the main activities in quality
reproductive health care services.
• Previous-unwanted, unplanned pregnancy in married couples
leading to unsafe abortion-complications-MMR;CPR 40%(2007)
18. CEDAW CONVENTION
General Recommendation 24
• Unequal power relations based on gender and harmful
traditional practices like female genital mutilation, polygamy
and marital rape make women more vulnerable to AIDS
• Therefore, states are called upon to ensure women’s right to
sexual health information, education and services (including
illegal women residents and those who have been trafficked
with due regard to confidentiality)
19. CEDAW Convention
• As a result of safe motherhood activities, maternal mortality
ratio (MMR) has declined over the years from 580 per 100,000
live births in 1990 to 380 in 2005 (Revised 1990 estimation of
maternal mortality 1996 WHO/UNICEF).
• With a paradigm shift from safe motherhood to Making
Pregnancy Safer, Myanmar is striving to improve the health of
mother through women's rights approach.
• Ensuring universal access to essential reproductive health
care information and services by 2015 is of national health
concern.
20. CEDAW Convention
Strategic Plan for Reproductive Health (2009-2013)
• Behavior Change Communication Strategy for Reproductive
Health-to adolescent girls and women to have information on
–
–
–
–
–
sexual health
promotion of birth spacing and preventing unwanted pregnancies
dangers of unsafe abortion
danger signs during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum
preventing and use of services on reproductive morbidities including
STI/RTI/HIV and reproductive cancers
(RH/WCHD/Adolescent Health/Gender)
Body mapping
exercise with girls
21. CEDAW Convention
• General Recommendation 24
• It recognizes specific health care needs of women in
difficult situations such as those in armed conflict,
prostitution or trafficking, and women with vulnerabilities
like older women and women with disabilities. It also calls
upon the states to ensure healthcare services that address
the needs of these special groups of women.
• Elderly Health Care project- DOH MOH initiated since
1993 and covers (80) townships
–
–
–
–
–
Community based elderly health care
Opens clinics at different levels up to Rural Health Center
Medical check up, treatment and counseling
Encourage exercise
Encourage self help groups, recreation and local visits
Editor's Notes
The Ministry of Health is responsible for providing health care covering promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services to the entire population in the country.
With the guidance of the Government of the Union of Myanmar, MOH is working in collaboration with- many
Related Ministries
UN Agencies
Bilateral Organizations
INGOs and Local NGOs and other civil societies
The Ministry of Health is responsible for providing health care covering promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services to the entire population in the country.
With the guidance of the Government of the Union of Myanmar, MOH is working in collaboration with- many
Related Ministries
UN Agencies
Bilateral Organizations
INGOs and Local NGOs and other civil societies
Along with the ART programme, 12,596 patients received OI drugs from both public and private sectors in 2005.