Ultra fine partcles
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This document discusses ultra fine particles (UFPs), which are airborne particulate matter less than 100 nanometers in diameter. It outlines that UFPs come from both natural sources like volcanoes and forests fires, as well as anthropogenic sources like combustion emissions. The health effects of UFP inhalation are described, including both short-term issues like decreased lung function and long-term risks like lung cancer. Applications of UFPs in medicine and technology are also mentioned, such as their use in drug delivery and electronics. In conclusion, the document notes that more research is still needed to fully understand UFP health risks and how they should be regulated.
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Ultra fine partcles
- 1. SUBMITTED BY, SUPRIYA GHOSH RISHAV RAY MSC SEM-2 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES,VISVA BHARATI,SHANTINIKETAN
- 2. CONTENTS- • WHAT ARE ULTRA FINE PARTICLES? • FORMATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER • SOURCES. • PROCESS INVOLVED. • FACTS • DEPOSITION OF ULTRA FINE PARTICLES. • HEALTH EFFECTS. • APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL AND TECHNOLOGY FIELD • CONCLUSION
- 3. WHAT ARE ULTRA FINE PARTICLES? • They are particulate matter of nanoscale size(less than 0.1micron or 100 nanometer)in diameter. • They are airborne particulates of less than 100nm in aerodynamic diameter • They can be solid or liquid droplets. Examples are diesel exhaust, products of cooking, heating, wood burning in indoor conditions and nanotechnology synthesized products. • All particle populations that are found in air are poly dispersed-that is, they comprise particles with ranges of diameter that are usually summarized as mean or median diameter. • Ultra fine particles(<100nm) are ubiquitous in ambient urban and indoor air form multiple sources and may contribute to adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects of particulate matter(PM) • Although humans have been exposed to airborne Nano sized particles throughout their evolutionary stages, such exposure has increased dramatically over the last century due to anthropogenic activities .
- 5. PRIMARY SOURCES- •Natural sources-sea spray, volcanoes, wildfires •Anthropogenic- •outdoor-combustion emissions •Indoor-manufactured products including printer toner, carbon nanotubes and medical and skin care products
- 6. Secondary Sources- •Secondary-nucleation and gas to particle reactions. •Size-1nm-100nm
- 8. *Variabilityof ambientUFP concentrationdepends onthe dispersionconditionsgoverned bycurrentwindspeed and directions, temperature inversions andbreathabilityof cities.
- 9. WHAT PROCESSES ARE INVOLVED? •Increased UFP(Due to primary combustion emissions) •Direct emission of carbon or metallic particles •Emitted gases convert to particles •Nucleation and condensation •Volatization, Diffusion , Dispersion •Coagulation and condensation •These processes are effected by environmental conditions- ( Temperature, sunlight, humidity, wind speed )
- 10. FACTS- • OCCURS AS MAJOR COMPONENT OF URBAN AIR POLLUTION • CAN BE MEASURED USING A CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTER IN WHICH PARTICLES ARE MIXED WITH ALCOHOL VAPOUR AND THEN COOLED ALLOWING THE VAPOUR TO CONDENSE AROUND THEM WHICH ARE THEN COUNTED USING A LIGHT SCANNER • BOTH MANUFACTURED AND NATURALLY OCCURING • GENERALLY MADE FROM COMBUSTION PROCESS • ALSO HAVE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION –ULTRA FINE CARBON BLACK(POTENTIAL FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE) • CAN BE EIETHER CARBON-BASED OR METALLIC AND CAN BE FURTHER SUBDIVIDED BY THEIR MAGNETIC PROCESS. • ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ALLOWS SCIENTISTS TO OBSERVE UFP MORPHOLOGY.
- 11. DEPOSITION OF ULTRA FINE PARTICLES - • May exists as singlet particles or as aggregates • In the form of aggregates, their deposition characteristics can change as aggregates will have a greater aerodynamic diameter than singlet particles • Aerodynamic characteristics of aggregator will vary depending on the compactness • Aggregates of ultrafine particles may disperse in the fluid of epithelial lining so that lung receives singlet particles
- 12. HEALTH EFFECTS OF ULTRA FINE PARTICLES-
- 13. WHO ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE? • PEOPLE WITH HEART/LUNG DISEASES • ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH COMPROMISED IMMUNE SYSTEM • WORKERS EXPOSURE TO METAL FUMES ,INDUCE SYMPTOMS OF METAL FUME FEVER • CHILDREN
- 15. RESPIRATORY& CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS- • SHORT TERM EFFECTS • Decreased lung function • Irritation, inflammation • Cardiac Arrhythmias • Heart Attacks • Shortening of breath • Chest pain • Fatigue
- 16. RESPIRATORY& CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS- • LONG TERM EEFECTS • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(emphysema) • Lung Cancer • Premature death • Heart failure . Asthma
- 17. NEUROLOGICAL&IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS- • Reflects blood-brain barrier in certain regions. • Headaches • Cognitive and mood dysfunction • Inflammation • Increased oxidative stress.
- 19. TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS- • UFP can penetrate intracellularly and potentially cause DNA damage • Several proteins related to homeostatic immune control were down- regulated • Hampers biochemical pathways
- 20. APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL AND TECHNOLOGY FIELD- .Used in diagnostic imaging and novel drug delivery system –include targeting circulatory system .Have silvered based nanostructures which have antimicrobial properties that are exploited in wound healing, in order to prevent infection .Carbon based UFP have a application in computer, includes use of graphene and carbon nanotubes in electronics as well as other computers and circuit components
- 21. CONCLUSION- •As the nanotechnology industry has grown, nanoparticles have brought UFPs more public and regulatory attention. UFP risk assessment research is still in the very early stages. There are continuing debates about whether to regulate UFPs and how to research and manage the health ricks they may pose.
- 22. REFERENCES- •https://www.tandfonline.com/doi •SPRINGER ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH/ PULMONARY EFFECTS OF INHALED ULTRA FINE PARTICLES •https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370490439597 •WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM •WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM