Gsat by rishav ray
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A geostationary satellite orbits directly over the equator at an altitude of about 35,800 km, matching the Earth's rotational period of 24 hours. This allows the satellite to appear stationary from Earth. Three geostationary satellites provide global coverage except for polar regions. While offering constant coverage, geostationary satellites have higher latency than low Earth orbit satellites due to their greater distance.
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Geostationary Satellite
Geostationary satellites orbit approximately 22,300 miles above the Earth's equator. They maintain a constant position relative to locations on Earth's surface. This allows them to be used for telecommunications and weather observation applications. Geostationary satellites have advantages like high coverage area from a small number of satellites, but also disadvantages like inability to observe polar regions and weak signals from long distances.
Geosynchronous earth orbit(geo)
A geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) is a circular orbit around Earth at an altitude of about 35,786 km, matching Earth's rotation period. Satellites in GEO orbit appear stationary relative to locations on Earth. GEO satellites provide advantages like large coverage areas and no need for ground station tracking. However, they also have disadvantages like weak signals due to the long distance traveled and poor coverage of polar regions. GEO orbits are commonly used for telecommunications, broadcasting, and weather observation due to their consistent coverage of fixed areas on Earth.
Types of satellite orbits 086
There are several types of satellite orbits that are used for different applications:
1. Equatorial orbits include circular orbits directly above the equator, including geostationary orbits where satellites orbit at the same rate as the Earth's rotation.
2. Polar orbits allow satellites to collect data from the North and South poles to help with weather forecasting and search and rescue missions.
3. Inclined orbits follow paths other than directly over the equator or poles and are used by some countries for domestic communication networks.
Unit 1-stallite orbit (1)
1. Satellite orbits can be equatorial, polar, or inclined depending on their path above the Earth's surface. A geostationary orbit is equatorial with 0 inclination such that the satellite appears stationary from Earth.
2. Spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric resolutions describe the detail and information that can be detected by a satellite sensor. Higher resolutions allow for smaller features, narrower wavelength bands, more frequent revisits, and finer differences in energy to be observed.
3. Indian satellites carry sensors with characteristics suited to applications like agriculture, mapping, disaster monitoring, and defense. Their resolutions support tasks like resource monitoring, precision farming, and border security.
Satellite orbits
This document discusses different types of satellite orbits. It defines an orbit as two bodies orbiting a common center of mass. It describes Kepler's laws of planetary motion. It then defines and compares different orbit classifications including altitude classifications like geostationary and low Earth orbits, inclination classifications, eccentricity classifications, and others. It provides details on important orbit types like geostationary, low Earth, and medium Earth orbits.
DESIGN OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS AND SUN SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT
The document summarizes different types of orbits, including sun-synchronous and geosynchronous orbits. It defines a synchronous orbit as one where the orbital period matches the rotational period of the orbited body. A sun-synchronous orbit allows a satellite to pass over any point on Earth at the same local solar time each day. A geosynchronous orbit is at an altitude of 35,786 km, matching Earth's 23 hour and 56 minute sidereal rotation period. The document also provides details on orbit design processes and considerations for earth coverage and constellation design.
Satellite fundamentals
The document discusses various types of satellite orbits. It explains that low Earth orbit ranges from 600-1000 km from the Earth's surface. Satellites in these orbits circle the Earth every 90 minutes. Their orbits can be either ascending, moving south to north, or descending, moving north to south, when crossing the equator. Many Earth observation satellites use a sun-synchronous polar orbit, which keeps the satellite in the same position relative to the sun as it circles the Earth 16 times per day.
Satellites
Satellites
Introduction to Satellite Systems
o A satellite is an artificial object which is placed intentionally into an orbit of any natural satellite. Satellites are used for many purposes i.e. weather forecasting, digital transmission, scientific research and development etc.
o In a communication context, a satellite is a specialized wireless transmitter/receiver that is launched by a rocket and placed in orbit around the earth.
o A satellite can be natural, like the moon, or artificial (human made). So we can say that a satellite is an object that moves in a curved path around a planet.
o Satellite can travel around planets or around stars such as our sun. All the planets are satellites around the sun.
o Satellites which are far away from the surface of the earth can cover a wide area on the surface of the earth.
Following are the four important types of Earth Orbit satellites −
• Geosynchronous Earth Orbit Satellites
• Medium Earth Orbit Satellites
• Low Earth Orbit Satellites
• Highest Earth Orbit Satelites
Now, let us discuss about each type of earth orbit satellites one by one.
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Geostationary Satellite
Geostationary satellites orbit approximately 22,300 miles above the Earth's equator. They maintain a constant position relative to locations on Earth's surface. This allows them to be used for telecommunications and weather observation applications. Geostationary satellites have advantages like high coverage area from a small number of satellites, but also disadvantages like inability to observe polar regions and weak signals from long distances.
Geosynchronous earth orbit(geo)
A geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) is a circular orbit around Earth at an altitude of about 35,786 km, matching Earth's rotation period. Satellites in GEO orbit appear stationary relative to locations on Earth. GEO satellites provide advantages like large coverage areas and no need for ground station tracking. However, they also have disadvantages like weak signals due to the long distance traveled and poor coverage of polar regions. GEO orbits are commonly used for telecommunications, broadcasting, and weather observation due to their consistent coverage of fixed areas on Earth.
Types of satellite orbits 086
There are several types of satellite orbits that are used for different applications:
1. Equatorial orbits include circular orbits directly above the equator, including geostationary orbits where satellites orbit at the same rate as the Earth's rotation.
2. Polar orbits allow satellites to collect data from the North and South poles to help with weather forecasting and search and rescue missions.
3. Inclined orbits follow paths other than directly over the equator or poles and are used by some countries for domestic communication networks.
Unit 1-stallite orbit (1)
1. Satellite orbits can be equatorial, polar, or inclined depending on their path above the Earth's surface. A geostationary orbit is equatorial with 0 inclination such that the satellite appears stationary from Earth.
2. Spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric resolutions describe the detail and information that can be detected by a satellite sensor. Higher resolutions allow for smaller features, narrower wavelength bands, more frequent revisits, and finer differences in energy to be observed.
3. Indian satellites carry sensors with characteristics suited to applications like agriculture, mapping, disaster monitoring, and defense. Their resolutions support tasks like resource monitoring, precision farming, and border security.
Satellite orbits
This document discusses different types of satellite orbits. It defines an orbit as two bodies orbiting a common center of mass. It describes Kepler's laws of planetary motion. It then defines and compares different orbit classifications including altitude classifications like geostationary and low Earth orbits, inclination classifications, eccentricity classifications, and others. It provides details on important orbit types like geostationary, low Earth, and medium Earth orbits.
DESIGN OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS AND SUN SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT
The document summarizes different types of orbits, including sun-synchronous and geosynchronous orbits. It defines a synchronous orbit as one where the orbital period matches the rotational period of the orbited body. A sun-synchronous orbit allows a satellite to pass over any point on Earth at the same local solar time each day. A geosynchronous orbit is at an altitude of 35,786 km, matching Earth's 23 hour and 56 minute sidereal rotation period. The document also provides details on orbit design processes and considerations for earth coverage and constellation design.
Satellite fundamentals
The document discusses various types of satellite orbits. It explains that low Earth orbit ranges from 600-1000 km from the Earth's surface. Satellites in these orbits circle the Earth every 90 minutes. Their orbits can be either ascending, moving south to north, or descending, moving north to south, when crossing the equator. Many Earth observation satellites use a sun-synchronous polar orbit, which keeps the satellite in the same position relative to the sun as it circles the Earth 16 times per day.
Satellites
Satellites
Introduction to Satellite Systems
o A satellite is an artificial object which is placed intentionally into an orbit of any natural satellite. Satellites are used for many purposes i.e. weather forecasting, digital transmission, scientific research and development etc.
o In a communication context, a satellite is a specialized wireless transmitter/receiver that is launched by a rocket and placed in orbit around the earth.
o A satellite can be natural, like the moon, or artificial (human made). So we can say that a satellite is an object that moves in a curved path around a planet.
o Satellite can travel around planets or around stars such as our sun. All the planets are satellites around the sun.
o Satellites which are far away from the surface of the earth can cover a wide area on the surface of the earth.
Following are the four important types of Earth Orbit satellites −
• Geosynchronous Earth Orbit Satellites
• Medium Earth Orbit Satellites
• Low Earth Orbit Satellites
• Highest Earth Orbit Satelites
Now, let us discuss about each type of earth orbit satellites one by one.
Geosynchronous Satellite
Geosynchronous Satellite: a slide for BMARPC lecturer cum network engineer recruitment. It was a fantastic experience. It was about satellite, classification, basic theory, difference and most importantly Bangabandhu 1 satellite!
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Orbital mechanics
1. Kepler's laws of planetary motion describe the motion of planets and satellites in orbit. The orbital period is determined by the semimajor axis of the elliptical orbit.
2. A geostationary orbit is circular, at an altitude that matches the orbital period to Earth's sidereal day, and in the equatorial plane. A geosynchronous orbit has the correct period but may have eccentricity or inclination.
3. Orbital elements like eccentricity, semimajor axis, inclination and nodes define the characteristics of Earth-orbiting satellites. Perturbations from factors like the Sun and Moon cause the orbital elements and position to change over time.
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This document discusses various perturbations that can affect a satellite's orbit. It describes perturbations due to the non-spherical shape of the Earth, atmospheric drag, and solar radiation pressure. Perturbations from the Earth's oblateness and bulge at the equator cause mainly secular variations in the satellite's longitude of ascending node and argument of perigee. Atmospheric drag opposes the satellite's velocity and will cause its orbit to decay over time. Solar radiation pressure also produces periodic variations in the orbital elements, with its effect exceeding that of atmospheric drag for satellites above 800 km altitude.
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Satellite
This document discusses the four main types of satellite orbits:
1) GEO (geostationary earth orbit) satellites orbit at 36,000 km from Earth and are used for radio, TV, etc. due to their ability to cover large areas with few satellites. However, they require large antennas and transmission power.
2) MEO (medium earth orbit) satellites operate between 5,000-12,000 km and require a moderate number of satellites but higher transmission power and specialized antennas.
3) LEO (low earth orbit) satellites orbit within 1,500 km and require low transmission power but a large number (50-200) of satellites for global coverage and have short lifespans of 5-
Types of satellites
There are three main types of satellite orbits: synchronous, polar, and inclined. Synchronous orbits allow satellites to remain stationary over a fixed point on Earth's surface. Communication satellites are often placed in synchronous orbits 36,000 km above the equator. Polar orbits pass over the north and south poles at altitudes of 900-1000 km and are used for remote sensing. Inclined orbits can also communicate with polar regions and are used domestically in countries like Russia near the North Pole.
Satellite communication
Satellite communication uses satellites in orbit around Earth to relay signals between Earth stations. There are different types of satellite orbits including low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and geostationary Earth orbit. Satellites are used for applications like global telecommunications, broadcasting, navigation, remote sensing, and military communications. Key factors that determine satellite orbits include altitude, inclination, and orbital period.
Geo synchronous and Sun synchronous Satellites
There are three main types of satellite orbits:
1) Polar orbits have an inclination of 90 degrees, allowing satellites to observe the entire Earth as it rotates. They complete an orbit every 90 minutes.
2) Sun synchronous orbits allow satellites to pass over the same location at the same local time each day. These orbits are between 700-800 km in altitude.
3) Geosynchronous orbits circle the Earth at the same rate it rotates, allowing satellites to continuously observe nearly half of the Earth. These orbits are used for weather monitoring and communication satellites. Each orbit type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications.
Orbits and space flight, types of orbits
This document discusses orbital mechanics including different types of orbits around Earth and other planets. It begins by defining orbital elements like eccentricity, semi-major axis, inclination, and orbital period. It then describes different types of orbits including low Earth orbit, geosynchronous orbit, polar orbit, and Hohmann transfer orbits. Basic orbital equations are provided relating centripetal force, gravitational force, orbital velocity, and orbital radius. Numerical examples are worked through to calculate orbital velocity, orbital radius, and orbital period for satellites orbiting Earth.
satellite-communications
Satellite communications systems involve satellites orbiting Earth that relay signals between ground stations. The document discusses several key topics:
1. The types of satellites include communication, weather, navigation, military and scientific satellites. Different orbits are used including geostationary and polar orbits.
2. Satellite subsystems include power, communication, antenna and control subsystems. Earth stations have antenna, transmit, receive and power subsystems.
3. Satellites can route signals via transponders and techniques like frequency reuse increase channel capacity. Handovers allow signals to transfer between satellites or ground stations.
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Samnt3
There are three main types of orbits: polar orbits which allow satellites to see every part of Earth as it rotates; sun synchronous orbits which allow satellites to pass over areas at the same time each day and are used for satellites needing consistent sunlight; and geosynchronous orbits which circle Earth at the same rate it spins and allow satellites to observe large areas but have poor resolution and trouble monitoring polar regions.
Satellite
There are two types of satellites: natural and artificial. Natural satellites like the Moon orbit planets, while artificial satellites are human-made objects placed into orbit, like Sputnik 1. There are different types of artificial satellites depending on their orbit, such as geostationary satellites that orbit over the equator at a fixed position, and polar satellites that orbit from pole to pole. The escape velocity of a satellite is the minimum speed needed to escape the gravitational pull of the object it orbits, and varies based on location in the solar system. Kepler's laws describe satellite motion, such as elliptical orbits with the orbited body at one focus.
Satellite orbits/geosynchronous satellites
This document discusses satellite orbits, including:
1) Most satellites orbit Earth in elliptical or circular patterns, either in the same direction as Earth's rotation (prograde) or the opposite direction (retrograde).
2) Satellites are classified based on their orbit - low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), or geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO). GEO satellites orbit at 22,300 miles above Earth.
3) Geosynchronous satellites appear stationary from Earth as they orbit at the same rate that Earth rotates, completing one revolution every 24 hours. They provide coverage to about 40% of Earth's surface.
Geostationary satellites
Geostationary satellites orbit at an altitude of about 22,300 miles above the Earth's equator, allowing them to remain stationary relative to a point on Earth. These satellites are used for weather forecasting, satellite television, radio, and global communications. While geostationary satellites provide stable signals, they experience sun outages during March and September when the sun's interference disrupts signals for up to 24 minutes per day depending on the receiving antenna size. To maintain their position, geostationary satellites have small rocket boosters and motors onboard.
04 basic sat
This document discusses satellite orbits and mechanics. It describes the components of satellites, including subsystems for telemetry, power, attitude control, and communications. There are three main types of orbits - equatorial, inclined, and polar. The speed and radius of a satellite's orbit are determined by gravitational forces. There is an equation that relates the orbital period to the radius. A geosynchronous orbit allows a satellite to orbit at the same rate as the Earth's rotation, remaining fixed over one position.
Characteristics of remote sensing satellites
Remote sensing satellites have two platforms: the main platform (MPL) and payload platform (PPL). The MPL contains subsystems for power, attitude control, telemetry/tracking/command, and communication. The PPL contains imaging sensors and star sensors. Satellites use solar panels and batteries for power and thrusters or reaction wheels for attitude and orbit control. Commands from the ground control satellite functions like camera operation and orbit correction.
Synchronous orbit
This document defines and describes synchronous orbits. It begins by defining an orbit generally as the gravitationally curved path of an object around a central point, like a planet orbiting a star. It then defines a synchronous orbit specifically as one where the orbital period of the orbiting body matches the rotational period of the orbited body. Examples given of synchronous orbit types are sun-synchronous orbits, which pass over the same point on Earth at the same solar time each day, and geostationary orbits, which orbit directly above the equator at an altitude of about 36,000 km and match Earth's rotational period. A geostationary satellite is provided as an example of an object in a synchronous orbit employed for communication
satellites
Satellites can be either natural or artificial. The moon is the natural satellite of Earth, while examples of artificial satellites include Sputnik, Aryabatta, and INSAT. Orbital velocity is the velocity at which a satellite revolves around a planet in a fixed orbit, and can be calculated using an expression involving the mass of the satellite, radius of its orbit, and gravitational force between the satellite and planet. The time period for a satellite to complete one orbit is also determined by an expression involving the radius of its orbit.
Satellites .
Satellites orbit Earth and other celestial bodies. They come in many types but generally have an antenna and power source. Satellites are launched into precise orbits using rocket boosters and follow orbital mechanics principles. Once in orbit, they perform tasks like Earth observation, communications, navigation, and scientific research. As technology advanced, satellite uses grew from early models like Sputnik to large constellations serving various purposes today.
Satcom 2
Satellite communications use satellites orbiting Earth to relay radio signals between Earth stations. The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. Early communications satellites like Early Bird in 1965 provided the first commercial satellite services, allowing transatlantic phone calls. There are different types of satellite orbits like low Earth orbit (LEO), geostationary Earth orbit (GEO), and medium Earth orbit (MEO) that influence factors like coverage area and signal delay. Modern satellite systems provide global services for communications, weather monitoring, navigation (GPS), and earth observation.
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This is a introductory notes about Satellite system. It contain details about the history, different type of characteristics & various applications of satellite system. It also include details about four types of orbits- LEO, MEO, HEO, GEO.
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1. Kepler's laws of planetary motion describe the motion of planets and satellites in orbit. The orbital period is determined by the semimajor axis of the elliptical orbit.
2. A geostationary orbit is circular, at an altitude that matches the orbital period to Earth's sidereal day, and in the equatorial plane. A geosynchronous orbit has the correct period but may have eccentricity or inclination.
3. Orbital elements like eccentricity, semimajor axis, inclination and nodes define the characteristics of Earth-orbiting satellites. Perturbations from factors like the Sun and Moon cause the orbital elements and position to change over time.
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This document discusses various perturbations that can affect a satellite's orbit. It describes perturbations due to the non-spherical shape of the Earth, atmospheric drag, and solar radiation pressure. Perturbations from the Earth's oblateness and bulge at the equator cause mainly secular variations in the satellite's longitude of ascending node and argument of perigee. Atmospheric drag opposes the satellite's velocity and will cause its orbit to decay over time. Solar radiation pressure also produces periodic variations in the orbital elements, with its effect exceeding that of atmospheric drag for satellites above 800 km altitude.
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This document discusses space debris and various approaches to tracking and removing it. It begins with an introduction and overview of different orbit types including low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, geostationary orbit, and high Earth orbit. It then discusses sources of debris and challenges posed by debris in different orbits. The document outlines methods for tracking debris using radar, optical detectors, and radio waves. It also summarizes different proposed approaches for debris removal such as tug-like satellites, electrodynamic tethers, laser brooms, solar sails, and space nets.
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This document discusses various types of orbital perturbations. It describes perturbation as a deviation from the normal or regular state of a moving object's path due to outside influences. The types of orbital perturbations discussed include those caused by third bodies, non-gravitational forces, and non-spherical masses. Specific forces mentioned that cause perturbations are atmospheric drag, solar radiation, outgassing, heating, and tidal friction. These perturbations can change elements of an orbit like the orientation, size, shape, and orbital plane. The effects of atmospheric drag, tidal friction, mutual gravitational attraction, and radiation pressure on satellites are summarized.
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This document discusses the four main types of satellite orbits:
1) GEO (geostationary earth orbit) satellites orbit at 36,000 km from Earth and are used for radio, TV, etc. due to their ability to cover large areas with few satellites. However, they require large antennas and transmission power.
2) MEO (medium earth orbit) satellites operate between 5,000-12,000 km and require a moderate number of satellites but higher transmission power and specialized antennas.
3) LEO (low earth orbit) satellites orbit within 1,500 km and require low transmission power but a large number (50-200) of satellites for global coverage and have short lifespans of 5-
Types of satellites
There are three main types of satellite orbits: synchronous, polar, and inclined. Synchronous orbits allow satellites to remain stationary over a fixed point on Earth's surface. Communication satellites are often placed in synchronous orbits 36,000 km above the equator. Polar orbits pass over the north and south poles at altitudes of 900-1000 km and are used for remote sensing. Inclined orbits can also communicate with polar regions and are used domestically in countries like Russia near the North Pole.
Satellite communication
Satellite communication uses satellites in orbit around Earth to relay signals between Earth stations. There are different types of satellite orbits including low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and geostationary Earth orbit. Satellites are used for applications like global telecommunications, broadcasting, navigation, remote sensing, and military communications. Key factors that determine satellite orbits include altitude, inclination, and orbital period.
Geo synchronous and Sun synchronous Satellites
There are three main types of satellite orbits:
1) Polar orbits have an inclination of 90 degrees, allowing satellites to observe the entire Earth as it rotates. They complete an orbit every 90 minutes.
2) Sun synchronous orbits allow satellites to pass over the same location at the same local time each day. These orbits are between 700-800 km in altitude.
3) Geosynchronous orbits circle the Earth at the same rate it rotates, allowing satellites to continuously observe nearly half of the Earth. These orbits are used for weather monitoring and communication satellites. Each orbit type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications.
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This document discusses orbital mechanics including different types of orbits around Earth and other planets. It begins by defining orbital elements like eccentricity, semi-major axis, inclination, and orbital period. It then describes different types of orbits including low Earth orbit, geosynchronous orbit, polar orbit, and Hohmann transfer orbits. Basic orbital equations are provided relating centripetal force, gravitational force, orbital velocity, and orbital radius. Numerical examples are worked through to calculate orbital velocity, orbital radius, and orbital period for satellites orbiting Earth.
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1. The types of satellites include communication, weather, navigation, military and scientific satellites. Different orbits are used including geostationary and polar orbits.
2. Satellite subsystems include power, communication, antenna and control subsystems. Earth stations have antenna, transmit, receive and power subsystems.
3. Satellites can route signals via transponders and techniques like frequency reuse increase channel capacity. Handovers allow signals to transfer between satellites or ground stations.
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There are three main types of orbits: polar orbits which allow satellites to see every part of Earth as it rotates; sun synchronous orbits which allow satellites to pass over areas at the same time each day and are used for satellites needing consistent sunlight; and geosynchronous orbits which circle Earth at the same rate it spins and allow satellites to observe large areas but have poor resolution and trouble monitoring polar regions.
Satellite
There are two types of satellites: natural and artificial. Natural satellites like the Moon orbit planets, while artificial satellites are human-made objects placed into orbit, like Sputnik 1. There are different types of artificial satellites depending on their orbit, such as geostationary satellites that orbit over the equator at a fixed position, and polar satellites that orbit from pole to pole. The escape velocity of a satellite is the minimum speed needed to escape the gravitational pull of the object it orbits, and varies based on location in the solar system. Kepler's laws describe satellite motion, such as elliptical orbits with the orbited body at one focus.
Satellite orbits/geosynchronous satellites
This document discusses satellite orbits, including:
1) Most satellites orbit Earth in elliptical or circular patterns, either in the same direction as Earth's rotation (prograde) or the opposite direction (retrograde).
2) Satellites are classified based on their orbit - low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), or geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO). GEO satellites orbit at 22,300 miles above Earth.
3) Geosynchronous satellites appear stationary from Earth as they orbit at the same rate that Earth rotates, completing one revolution every 24 hours. They provide coverage to about 40% of Earth's surface.
Geostationary satellites
Geostationary satellites orbit at an altitude of about 22,300 miles above the Earth's equator, allowing them to remain stationary relative to a point on Earth. These satellites are used for weather forecasting, satellite television, radio, and global communications. While geostationary satellites provide stable signals, they experience sun outages during March and September when the sun's interference disrupts signals for up to 24 minutes per day depending on the receiving antenna size. To maintain their position, geostationary satellites have small rocket boosters and motors onboard.
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This document discusses satellite orbits and mechanics. It describes the components of satellites, including subsystems for telemetry, power, attitude control, and communications. There are three main types of orbits - equatorial, inclined, and polar. The speed and radius of a satellite's orbit are determined by gravitational forces. There is an equation that relates the orbital period to the radius. A geosynchronous orbit allows a satellite to orbit at the same rate as the Earth's rotation, remaining fixed over one position.
Characteristics of remote sensing satellites
Remote sensing satellites have two platforms: the main platform (MPL) and payload platform (PPL). The MPL contains subsystems for power, attitude control, telemetry/tracking/command, and communication. The PPL contains imaging sensors and star sensors. Satellites use solar panels and batteries for power and thrusters or reaction wheels for attitude and orbit control. Commands from the ground control satellite functions like camera operation and orbit correction.
Synchronous orbit
This document defines and describes synchronous orbits. It begins by defining an orbit generally as the gravitationally curved path of an object around a central point, like a planet orbiting a star. It then defines a synchronous orbit specifically as one where the orbital period of the orbiting body matches the rotational period of the orbited body. Examples given of synchronous orbit types are sun-synchronous orbits, which pass over the same point on Earth at the same solar time each day, and geostationary orbits, which orbit directly above the equator at an altitude of about 36,000 km and match Earth's rotational period. A geostationary satellite is provided as an example of an object in a synchronous orbit employed for communication
satellites
Satellites can be either natural or artificial. The moon is the natural satellite of Earth, while examples of artificial satellites include Sputnik, Aryabatta, and INSAT. Orbital velocity is the velocity at which a satellite revolves around a planet in a fixed orbit, and can be calculated using an expression involving the mass of the satellite, radius of its orbit, and gravitational force between the satellite and planet. The time period for a satellite to complete one orbit is also determined by an expression involving the radius of its orbit.
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hiee guyes this is swapnil thaware here i uploaded slide for your knowledge if you want more detail msg me on fb or mail i will help you
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This document discusses different types of satellite orbits used for various purposes. It begins by explaining common orbit types like low Earth orbit (LEO), geostationary orbit (GEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), polar orbit, and sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). It then provides examples of Indian satellites in different orbits and their applications. The document also briefly discusses geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) and concludes by mentioning passive and active remote sensing sensors.
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This presentation gives a basic idea of the increasing space debris and some important methods to clear them .
Satellite communication alido
The document discusses satellite communication systems. It describes three main types: INTELSAT for international communication, DOMSAT for domestic communication within a country, and SARSAT for search and rescue. It then discusses Kepler's laws of planetary motion that also apply to artificial satellites orbiting Earth. Finally, it provides definitions of terms related to Earth-orbiting satellites and describes the main components of a satellite system, including power supply, attitude control, station keeping, and thermal control.
2017 Types Of Orbits Brief Explanation
This document defines and describes the major types of orbits used for satellites, including:
Low Earth orbit (LEO), polar orbits, and sun-synchronous orbits which are below 225 minutes in period. Geostationary orbit is a special case of geosynchronous orbit with zero inclination and eccentricity. Geosynchronous orbit matches Earth's sidereal day but can have inclination and eccentricity. Mid-Earth orbit is also called semi-synchronous. High-Earth orbit is above geosynchronous. Transfer orbits are used to change between orbit types and geosynchronous transfer orbit is used specifically for geosynchronous orbit.
Solar system as a radio telescope by the formation of virtual lenses above an...
Solar system as a radio telescope by the formation of virtual lenses above an...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.Solar system as a radio telescope by the formation of virtual lenses above an...
Abstract The boundaries of multiverse are almost infinite and so the thirst of mankind for latest technology .man has startled many principles of space and nature by gaining them facing all fatal difficulties. Time is one quantity which is considered to be fast happening, but when it comes to happenings in space it is faster. All what we look into space is past; under least possible cases we could see the present. So, there has a necessicity for us to keep a big eye on making our search for extra-galactic recourses or extra-celestial life forms etc with equal speeds of space time. for this to be achieved by us we need to make some drastic changes in our telescope usage and we have to adopt technological up gradation and we should no longer make our telescope concentrate on the same celestial body for days continuously , indeed mili seconds should be enough to grab the required information . Index Terms- RTS, LEO, MEO, GEO, RT
Satellite
This document provides an overview of satellite communications. It discusses the working principles of satellites including their orbits such as synchronous, polar and inclined orbits. The types of satellites are described as natural or artificial. Communications satellites are discussed in detail along with their use for television, telephone, radio and internet applications. The major subsystems of a satellite like solar panels, communication systems and attitude control are outlined. Applications of satellite communications include broadcasting, weather forecasting and military uses. Advantages over terrestrial systems are global coverage and independence from distance. Recent developments involve using higher frequency bands like Ka band despite challenges like expensive equipment.
Sun synchronous orbit
A sun-synchronous orbit is a near-polar orbit that allows a satellite to pass over any point on a planet's surface at the same local solar time. This orbit is useful for imaging satellites because it provides consistent lighting conditions. Satellites in this orbit cross the equator around 10:30am local time when shadows are most visible. Examples of satellites in sun-synchronous orbits include Landsat, SPOT, and IRS.
Satellites in Communication
The document discusses different types of satellite orbits and their characteristics. A geostationary orbit (GEO) has satellites 35,786 km above the equator that rotate with the Earth's rotation, allowing them to remain stationary over one position. Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are 500-1500 km high and pass over positions every 15-20 minutes, requiring networks to provide coverage. Medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites are between 8000-18000 km high and provide longer visibility than LEOs.
Satellite communication
Communication satellites relay radio signals between Earth stations by receiving uplink signals and transmitting them back down as downlinks, allowing communication between stations that are too far apart for traditional means, with various satellite orbits like GEO, LEO and MEO used depending on the application's needs for coverage area, signal strength, and visibility duration. Satellites are launched into orbit via carrier rockets and rely on transmitters, receivers, solar panels, and orbital mechanics to function as relay stations in space.
satellite-communications
This document provides an overview of satellite communication systems. It discusses the need for satellites due to the curvature of the Earth, the different regions of space including low-Earth orbit (LEO), medium-Earth orbit (MEO), and geostationary orbit (GEO). It describes the basic components of a satellite system including satellites, ground stations, uplinks and downlinks. It also covers communication characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of satellite systems, and provides a historical overview of important milestones in satellite communication technology.
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Gsat by rishav ray
- 1. GSAT: GEO-STATIONARY SATELLITE SUBMITTED BY RISHAV RAY MSC SEM-3RD DES,VISVA BHARATI
- 2. INTRODUCTION • A geostationary satellite is an earth-orbiting satellite, placed at an altitude of approximately 35,800 kilometers (22,300 miles) directly over the equator, that revolves in the same direction the earth rotates (west to east). At this altitude, one orbit takes 24 hours, the same length of time as the earth requires to rotate once on its axis. The term geostationary comes from the fact that such a satellite appears nearly stationary in the sky as seen by a ground-based observer. BGAN, the new global mobile communications network, uses geostationary satellites. • A single geostationary satellite is on a line of sight with about 40 percent of the earth's surface. Three such satellites, each separated by 120 degrees of longitude, can provide coverage of the entire planet, with the exception of small circular regions centered at the north and south geographic poles. A geostationary satellite can be accessed using a directional antenna, usually a small dish, aimed at the spot in the sky where the satellite appears to hover. The principal advantage of this type of satellite is the fact that an earthbound directional antenna can be aimed and then left in position without further adjustment. Another advantage is the fact that because highly directional antennas can be used, interference from surface-based sources, and from other satellites, is minimized. • Geostationary satellites have two major limitations. First, because the orbital zone is an extremely narrow ring in the plane of the equator, the number of satellites that can be maintained in geostationary orbits without mutual conflict (or even collision) is limited. Second, the distance that an electromagnetic (EM) signal must travel to and from a geostationary satellite is a minimum of 71,600 kilometers or 44,600 miles. Thus, a latency of at least 240 milliseconds is introduced when an EM signal, traveling at 300,000 kilometers per second (186,000 miles per second), makes a round trip from the surface to the satellite and back.
- 3. • There are two other, less serious, problems with geostationary satellites. First, the exact position of a geostationary satellite, relative to the surface, varies slightly over the course of each 24-hour period because of gravitational interaction among the satellite, the earth, the sun, the moon, and the non-terrestrial planets. As observed from the surface, the satellite wanders within a rectangular region in the sky called the box. The box is small, but it limits the sharpness of the directional pattern, and therefore the power gain, that earth-based antennas can be designed to have. Second, there is a dramatic increase in background EM noise when the satellite comes near the sun as observed from a receiving station on the surface, because the sun is a powerful source of EM energy. This effect, known as solar fade, is a problem only within a few days of the equinoxes in late March and late September. Even then, episodes last for only a few minutes and take place only once a day. • In recent years, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have become popular. This type of system employs a fleet or swarm of satellites, each in a polar orbit at an altitude of a few hundred kilometers. Each revolution takes between 90 minutes and a few hours. Over the course of a day, such a satellite comes within range of every point on the earth's surface for a certain period. The satellites in a LEO swarm are strategically spaced so that, from any point on the surface, at least one satellite is always on a line of sight. The satellites thus act as moving repeaters in a global cellular network. A LEO satellite system allows the use of simple, non-directional antennas, offers reduced latency, and does not suffer from solar fade. These facts are touted as advantages of LEO systems over geostationary satellites.
- 39. REFERENCES • https://www.isro.gov.in/spacecraft/list-of-communication- satellites • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSAT • https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/GSAT