Tyre

Presented By
Muhammad Wahaj Javed
Tyre’s Raw Material, its manufacturing, End Point, Environmental
Impacts and its Treatment ways

Tyre
What is tire?
A tire is a ring-
shaped vehicle
component that
covers the wheel's
rim to protect it and
enable better vehicle
performance
History
Over one billion tires are manufactured annually, making the
tire industry a major consumer of natural rubber
• The earliest tires were
bands of leather
• First tire was invented
in 1888 by John Boyd
Dunlop
• The Vulcanization of
natural rubber which he
patented in 1844 is
credited to Charles
Goodyear and Robert
William Thomson

Properties of the Tyre
• Non-skidding
• Load-carrying
capacity
• Speed Capacity
• Cushioning
• Power consumption
• Noise
• Balance

Types of Tyres
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Material used in Tyre formation
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• Raw Rubber
• Steel
• Nylon
• Polyester
• Rayon
• Carbon Black
• Synthetic Rubber
• Fiber Glass
• Aramid
• Brass

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• Beads: They hold tire side walls snugly against
the rim and prevent tire from coming off
• Body Plies: Rubberized fabric and cords
wrapped around beads.
• Tread: Outer surface of the tire that comes in
contact with the road
• Sidewall: Outer part of the tire that extends from
the bead to the tread. Marking on the sidewall
provides the information about the tire.
Parts of Tyre

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• Liner: Thin layer of rubber that is bonded to the
inside of the plies. Provides a leak proof
membrane for tubeless tires.
• Belts: Used to strengthen the body plies and
stiffen the tread. Lie between tread and plies
Parts of Tyre

Composition of Tyre
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Manufacturing of Tyre
• Several textile plies are laid across each other, running from bead to bead in alternate directions
• Number of plies depends on the size of the tire and the load it has to carry
• Same number of plies is used on the crown and the sidewalls
• Plies run at an angle from bead to bead
• Allows body of the tire to flex easily improved cushioning, hence smooth ride on rough roads
• Weakness: Reduced traction at high speeds and increase rolling resistance

Impacts of Tyre after use
• Stockpiles of discarded tires have
been identified as breeding grounds
for mosquitos.
• In landfills, whole tires tend to float
to the surface, piercing the landfill
cover and can cover a large area.
Burning of tires may emit different
toxic gases into the air like
• carbon monoxide (CO)
• sulfur oxides (SO )
• oxides of nitrogen (NO )
• volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

End point
At the end some tires can be reused by little
modification but some tires became not longer
suitable for use on vehicles due to wear or
irreparable damage. Those tires are a challenging
source of waste, because of
• the large volume production
• the durability of the tires
• the components in the tire that are
ecologically problematic

In 1999, a lightning strike ignited a tire fire in
Westley, California. The tire dump contained
millions of scrap tires located in a canyon in a
coastal mountain range.. It took 30 days to
extinguish the fire. Total EPA response costs were
$3.5 million.
In 1983, a 7-million tire fire in Rhinehart,
Virginia issued a plum of smoke 3,000
feet high and nearly 50 miles long with
air pollution emissions deposited in three
states. The fire burned for nine months,
polluting nearby water sources with lead
and arsenic.
Notable Tyre Fires

• Reuse suitable tyres
• Shredding the tyres prior to disposal
• Whole tires can be used in artificial reefs and
breakwaters.
• Scrap tires have recently been recommended
for use on playgrounds
• Shredded tires effectively remove organic
compounds from leachate in landfills
• Ground rubber also adsorbs metal
contaminants.
• We can turned the shape of tyres for
beautification
Treatments

Treatments

Tyre

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