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The document discusses wheels, tires, and their components. It describes the materials and designs used for wheels, including steel, aluminum, and magnesium alloys. It explains the functions of tires, such as cushioning the ride and providing traction. Tire types include cross-ply and radial constructions. Radial tires have more flexible sidewalls and longer tread life than cross-ply tires. Tire markings provide information on load ratings and recommended inflation pressures.
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The document provides product information for the Fieldking Ultra Series Hydraulic Harrow. It has a heavy-duty frame design with optimized construction for easy lifting. Key features include heat treated discs for long life, hydraulic depth adjustment, strong bearings and seals, and compatibility with accessories like extra weights. The harrows provide high output while effectively breaking up clods and mixing crop residues into the soil.
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A bearing is a machine element that supports another moving element, known as a journal, and allows relative motion between their surfaces while carrying loads. There are two main types of bearings: sliding contact bearings and rolling contact bearings. Sliding contact bearings include journal or sleeve bearings, which support radial loads and come in full or partial designs. Rolling contact bearings use balls or rollers between surfaces to reduce friction. Key considerations in bearing design include load capacity, friction, lubrication, and heat dissipation.
3 Design of rolling contact bearings
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
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* Using Lewis equation and given data, calculate power that can be transmitted based on pinion and gear strength.
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Wheels and tires are important components of vehicles that require safety precautions when working on. Tires provide cushioning between the vehicle and road and friction to allow the vehicle to operate. They are made of rubber and other materials. Wheels can be made of aluminum or magnesium alloys and must be strong enough to support the vehicle. Tire construction involves plies, belts, and treads. Radial tires have more flexible sidewalls than cross-ply tires. Tire markings provide information on size, load rating, and speed rating.
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Tyres have several key functions: providing contact with the road surface, acting as the primary suspension, and allowing vehicles to brake, accelerate and steer. They are made up of plies, beads, treads and sidewalls. Radial tyres have plies that run straight across from bead to bead, providing a stable footprint. Proper tyre pressure and tread depth are important to prevent aquaplaning, where a layer of water builds up between the tyre and road surface causing loss of traction.
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This document discusses different types of tires. There are two main types - tubed tires which have an inner tube, and tubeless tires which do not have an inner tube. Tubeless tires have advantages like lesser weight, better cooling, lower rolling resistance, and more comfortable ride.
The document also describes different tire constructions - cross-ply/bias ply tires which have fabric plies laid across each other at alternating angles, radial ply tires which have fabric arcs from bead to bead at 90 degree angles, and belted bias ply tires which have belt plies reinforced with wire. Radial ply tires provide benefits like better shock absorption and fuel efficiency compared to cross-ply tires.
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This document provides an overview of tire concepts and construction types. It discusses the basic functions of tires as cushions and traction providers between the road and wheel. It describes the main parts of tires including beads, body plies, tread, sidewalls, liners, and belts. It then summarizes the characteristics of bias ply tires, belted bias tires, and radial ply tires, noting that radial tires provide more flexible sidewalls and reduced rolling resistance. The document also reviews tire markings, load indexes, speed ratings, wear indicators, and common tire problems like feathering and cupping.
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This document discusses wheels and tires, comparing their key differences and properties. It provides details on:
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FAILURE OF ROLLING CONTACT BEARING
Rolling contact bearings are also known as anti-friction bearing due to its low friction characteristics between ball and inner and outer rings. Rolling contact bearings are used for radial load, thrust load and combination of these both loads. Rolling contact bearings are often used due to its lower price, less maintenance cost and easy to operate.
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This document discusses bearings and their functions. It describes how bearings support rotating shafts and reduce friction to allow for smooth rotation. There are two main types of bearings - plain/slider bearings which have a large contact area and high friction, and rolling/ball bearings which have less contact area and lower rolling friction. Ball and roller bearings are further described as having races, balls/rollers, and a cage that separates the balls to reduce friction. Common ball and roller bearing types and their applications are also outlined.
roller cone
Roller cone bits come in a variety of types including milled tooth and insert bits. They feature cutting cones, offset and intermeshing cone designs, hardfacing materials like tungsten carbide inserts, and sealed bearing systems. IADC bit codes concisely describe bits using numbers and letters related to rock hardness, bearings, gage, and special features.
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A bearing is a device that supports load and reduces friction between moving parts. There are two main types: plain/slider bearings and rolling/anti-friction bearings. Rolling bearings use balls or rollers to create separation between surfaces and are more commonly used. Common bearing materials include metals, alloys, and some non-metals. Bearings must be properly selected, mounted, lubricated, and maintained to maximize their lifespan and prevent premature failure.
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Bowman International has developed a new range of rolled bearings made from ToughMet material, which provides outstanding load, heat, speed, and corrosion resistance capabilities as well as greatly increased lifespan compared to existing bearings. The ToughMet bearings are well-suited for applications in mining, construction, off-road vehicles, aircraft, oil/gas, and other industrial equipment. They provide benefits like increased lifespan, corrosion resistance, higher loads and speeds, resulting in fewer warranty claims, longer maintenance cycles, and lower costs. The bearings can be produced in plain, flanged, or customized configurations using a new rolling process that generates virtually no material waste compared to conventional machining.
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Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
* Pinion speed = 600 r.p.m.
* Gear speed = Pinion speed / Transmission ratio = 600 / 4 = 150 r.p.m.
* Number of pinion teeth = 16
* Module = 8 mm
* Face width = 90 mm
* Allowable static stress for pinion (bronze) = 84 MPa
* Allowable static stress for gear (cast iron) = 105 MPa
* Using Lewis equation and given data, calculate power that can be transmitted based on pinion and gear strength.
* The lower of the two calculated powers based on pinion and gear strength will be the maximum power that can be transmitted
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The document discusses different types of bearings, including plain/fluid film bearings, anti-friction/rolling contact bearings, and their characteristics. It describes hydrodynamic, hydrostatic, and combination bearings. It also explains ball bearings, roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, needle roller bearings, and their parts and applications.
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This document discusses bearings, their functions, classifications, and types. It can be summarized as:
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Tyres and wheels have several important functions for vehicles. Tyres provide cushioning from rough roads, allow steering and braking, and provide traction through friction with the road surface. Wheels support the vehicle's weight and allow it to move. There are different types of tyre construction like bias ply, belted bias, and radial ply. Radial ply tyres offer advantages like reduced rolling resistance and better handling. Wheels are typically made of steel or aluminum and properly torqued fasteners are needed to securely attach the wheel to the vehicle.
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Wheels and tires are important components of vehicles that require safety precautions when working on. Tires provide cushioning between the vehicle and road and friction to allow the vehicle to operate. They are made of rubber and other materials. Wheels can be made of aluminum or magnesium alloys and must be strong enough to support the vehicle. Tire construction involves plies, belts, and treads. Radial tires have more flexible sidewalls than cross-ply tires. Tire markings provide information on size, load rating, and speed rating.
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Tyres and wheels play several important roles in vehicles. Tyres provide cushioning from rough roads, allow steering and braking, and provide traction through contact with the road surface. Proper tyre properties include good grip, low noise, load capacity, low rolling resistance, uniform wear, and shock absorption. Key tyre components include the tread, sidewalls, inner liner, and various reinforcement layers. Radial ply construction is now most common, providing benefits like reduced rolling resistance and improved handling. Wheels must be strong yet lightweight to support the vehicle and cope with road conditions while minimizing unsprung weight. Correct wheel balancing and secure mounting to the vehicle hub are also important.
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Tyres have several key functions: providing contact with the road surface, acting as the primary suspension, and allowing vehicles to brake, accelerate and steer. They are made up of plies, beads, treads and sidewalls. Radial tyres have plies that run straight across from bead to bead, providing a stable footprint. Proper tyre pressure and tread depth are important to prevent aquaplaning, where a layer of water builds up between the tyre and road surface causing loss of traction.
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This document discusses different types of tires. There are two main types - tubed tires which have an inner tube, and tubeless tires which do not have an inner tube. Tubeless tires have advantages like lesser weight, better cooling, lower rolling resistance, and more comfortable ride.
The document also describes different tire constructions - cross-ply/bias ply tires which have fabric plies laid across each other at alternating angles, radial ply tires which have fabric arcs from bead to bead at 90 degree angles, and belted bias ply tires which have belt plies reinforced with wire. Radial ply tires provide benefits like better shock absorption and fuel efficiency compared to cross-ply tires.
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This document discusses wheels and tires, comparing their key differences and properties. It provides details on:
- The main components and functions of tires, including absorbing shocks and providing traction.
- Desirable tire properties like non-skidding, cushioning, and noise reduction.
- Types of tires based on construction like tube, tubeless, cross-ply, and radial ply styles.
- Tubeless tires provide benefits like lighter weight and better cooling over tube styles.
- Proper tire maintenance through inflation checks and rotation extends tire life.
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This document provides information on different types of tires used in agricultural implements and the differences between radial and bias tires. It discusses solid tires, pneumatic tires including bias ply, bias belted and radial ply constructions. It then focuses on tires used in agricultural implements like tractors and implements. Finally, it details the differences between radial and bias tire constructions, components, and performance, noting that radials provide a softer ride, improved fuel economy, and longer tire life while bias tires sacrifice longevity but offer high load capacity at reduced cost.
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The rear axle transmits power from the differential to the driving wheels. It consists of two half shafts connected by the differential. There are several types of rear axles, including semi-floating, full-floating, and three-quarter floating axles. Wheels are mounted on stub axles at the front and connected to the front axle via kingpins. Wheels can be pressed steel, wire, or light alloy. Tyres provide cushioning and allow the vehicle to grip the road. They consist of treads, sidewalls, beads, and other parts. Tyres can be tubed or tubeless and classified by carcass type as bias ply, belted bias, or radial ply.
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Automobile or Automotive Tires:-
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Parts (Beads, Body Plies, Tread, Sidewall, Liner, Belts) Overview of Tyre
Types ( All-terrain Tires, Mud tires, Winter Tires, All weather Tires, performance tires).
Load index and speed rating.
Designation and Dimension of Tires.
length width height diameter type of tires
tire construction :( Bias Ply Tires, Radial Tyres, Belted Bias Tires.)
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Tube type tires
tubless tires
Difference between tubeless and tube type tires
Expiry date of tires
tyre problems
steering geometry leads tire problems
Under inflated tires
over inflated tires
proper inflated tires
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This document discusses the structure, properties, types, and functions of tires. It begins by defining a tire as a cylindrical component made of multiple layers that provides traction, supports vehicle load, absorbs shocks, and enables smooth driving. It then describes the main parts of a tire including the tread, sidewall, bead, plies, belts, and inner liner. The document goes on to explain the main types of tires such as tube tires, tubeless tires, and differences in carcass construction including cross-ply, radial, and bias ply styles. It finishes by listing the key functions of tires and providing diagrams of standard tire dimensions and specifications.
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The wheel assembly consists of the hub, disc or spokes, rim, tyre & tube.Wheels is the important part of the vehicle. The vehicle can’t move on the road without wheels. “ The wheels are legs of the vehicle carry it to far off distance. The support of the whole weight of the vehicle & convert rotary motion into longitudinal one".
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This document discusses tires, wheels, and wheel balancing. It begins by outlining the composition of tires and then describes the functions of tires, different tire types (bias ply and radial ply), tire construction including the tread, sidewalls, and carcass. It also discusses wheel rims, rim offset, static and dynamic wheel balancing, and the purpose of wheel balancing.
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Glosario de terminologia de Llantas y Caucho.
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Copyright © 2016 · Hyde Industrial Blade Solutions · 54 Eastford Rd, Southbridge, MA 01550
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- The objectives are to produce a jig that increases productivity and reduces costs while maintaining accuracy and consistency.
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This document provides an introduction to tool design. It discusses the responsibilities of tool designers in creating tools like jigs, fixtures, dies and cutters to efficiently manufacture parts. Tool designers aim to reduce costs, increase production rates and maintain quality. The tool design process involves defining problems, analyzing requirements, developing initial ideas and alternatives, and finalizing designs. Key considerations in tool design include workpiece specifications, required operations, safety, equipment and drawings. The document also provides details on designing specific tools like milling cutters, tool life and jigs and fixtures.
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This document provides an overview of tool design for mechanical engineering. It discusses the objectives and responsibilities of tool designers, which include reducing costs, increasing production rates, and maintaining quality. The basic processes of tool design are outlined as 5 steps: defining the problem, analyzing requirements, developing initial ideas, developing alternatives, and finalizing the design. Considerations for tool design include the workpiece, operations, personnel, equipment, drawings, and factors that influence tool life such as cutting speed and metal removal rate. Common types of milling cutters are described along with design features such as size, tool angles, number of teeth, and material selection.
Departments of mechanical engineering
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Motor vehicle by A.D
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
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Presentation1
- 1. Pneumatic Tire and Wheel
- 2. Wheel or Rim • It is a metal, that design to support the tire while withstanding loads from acceleration, braking, and cornering • Wheels must be strong enough to support the vehicle and withstand the forces caused by normal operation. • At the same time, they must be as light as possible, to help keep un-sprung weight to a minimum.
- 3. • Wheels can be made from steel, cast aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy. • Alloy wheels are popular because of their appearance and because they are lighter than similar steel wheels. • Most passenger car wheels are of well, or drop-centre design. • This design allows for tyre removal and fitting.
- 4. Rim Sizes & Designations • To ensure correct fit between a tyre and rim, all manufacturers of wheels and tyres comply with standard dimensions, as recommended by automotive manufactures. • The width of the rim is the distance across the rim flanges, at the bead seat. • Its diameter is the distance across the centre of the rim from bead seat to bead seat. The tyre must be an exact fit on the rim, to fulfill a number of functions.
- 5. Tyres Or Tires It is a rubber part that: – filled with air – internal air pressure pushes out on the inside of the tire to support the vehicle • perform two basic functions – act as a soft cushion between the road and the metal wheel – provide adequate traction (friction) with the road surface
- 6. Tyre Types • Two types of tyre construction are depend on the steel wire structure common :– – cross-ply and – radial. • Depend on the air reservoir – Tube type – Tube less
- 7. Cross-Ply Tyres • It is the older form. • It is also called a bias-ply or conventional tyre. • Constructed from 2 or more plies or layers of textile casing cords, positioned diagonally from bead to bead. • The rubber-encased cords run at an angle of between 30 and 38 degrees to the centerline, with each cord wrapped around the beads. • A latticed criss-crossed structure is formed, with alternate layers crossing over each other and laid with the cord angles in opposite directions.
- 8. Radial Ply Tyres • Radial ply tyres have much more flexible sidewalls due to their construction. • They use 2 or more layers of casing plies, with the cord loops running radially from bead to bead.
- 9. • The sidewalls are more flexible because the casing cords do not cross over each other. • However, a belt of 2 or more bracing layers must be placed under the tread. • The cords of the bracing layers may be of fabric, or of steel and are placed at 12, to 15 degrees to the circumference line. • This forms triangles where the belt cords cross over the radial cords. • The stiff bracing layer links the cord loops together to give fore and aft stability, when accelerating, or braking and it prevents any movement of the cords during cornering. • The cord plies flex and deform only in the area above the road contact patch.
- 10. • There are no heavy plies to distort and flexing of the thin casing generates little heat, which is easily dispersed. • A radial ply tyre runs cooler than a comparable cross-ply tyre and this increase tread life. • A radial tyre has less rolling resistance as it moves over the road surface.
- 11. Benefits of Radial tyre over non radial or bias type • Softer, smoother, quieter ride • Improved fuel economy • Flat, wider footprint for better tire wear • Runs cooler than a bias ply, minimizing risk of a blowout on the highway (especially under high loads like those found in trailer applications) • Longer tire life • Better tracking –
- 12. Tyre Materials • Modern tyres are made from a range of materials. • The rubber is mostly synthetic, with carbon black added to increase strength and toughness. • When used in the tread, this combination gives a long life. • Natural rubber is weaker than the synthetic version. • It’s used mainly in sidewalls. • The plies are made from cords of fabric, coated with rubber.
- 14. • Amount of weight the tire can carry at the recommended inflation pressure is called Maximum Load Rating • Highest air pressure that should be pumped into the tire is Maximum Inflation Pressure • Many tires have a maximum recommended pressure of 32 to 40 psi (220 to 275 kPa)
- 18. Tire Grades • Tread wear – given as a number, 100 to 500 – higher number is more resistant to wear • Tire traction – given as an A, B, or C – “A” rating has the most traction • Tire temperature resistance – given as an A, B, or C – “A” rating resists temperature buildup best
- 19. Tyre Tread Designs Tyres generally fall into one of the following categories: • Symmetric and • Asymmetric
- 20. Forces and moments on loaded tire • Longitudinal force or forward force • Lateral force • Normal or vertical force • Roll moment • Pitch moment • Yaw moment