The document defines and describes the main parts of a tire, including the bead, plies, tread, sidewall, liner, and belts. It discusses different types of tires based on tread pattern (summer, winter, all-season), carcass construction (cross ply, radial ply, belted bias), and whether they use a tube. The main parts of a conventional tube tire and tubeless tire are also outlined. Finally, common tread patterns and important tire markings on the sidewall are briefly mentioned.

1. BY
P.BALAMURUGAN

2. TYRE

3. Definition
A tire is a ring-shaped vehicle component that
covers the wheel's rim to protect it and enable better
vehicle performance.

4. Parts of tyre
Beads:
Two rings that are made of steel wire and encased in rubber. They hold tire
side walls snugly against the rim and prevent tyre from coming off body.
Plies:
Rubberized fabric and cords wrapped around beads. Form carcass or body
of the tyre.
Tread:
Outer surface of the tyre that comes in contact with the road.

5. Sidewall:
Outer part of the tyre that extends from the bead to the tread. Marking on
the sidewall provides the information about the tyre.
Liner:
Thin layer of rubber that is bonded to the inside of the plies. Provides a leak
proof membrane for tubeless tires.
Belts:
Used to strengthen the body plies and stiffen the tread. Lie between tread
and plies

6. Type of tyre
According to tread pattern design
According to carcass
According to construction

7. Summer tires
Winter tires
All season tires
According to tread pattern design

8. Summer tires:
They deliver excellent driving and braking performance on
wet and dry roads.
Winter tires:
Specifically for the snow and ice covered roads.
All season tires:
More complex tread pattern.

9. Summer tyre Winter tyre
All season tyre

10. Belted-Bias Tyre
Cross Ply Tyre
Radial Ply Tyre
According to carcass

11.  Ply cords are woven at angle of 30 to 40 degree to the tyre axis.
 Two layers that runs in opposite direction however the cords are not woven
like warp.
Cross Ply Tyre:
Ply cords run in the radial direction i.e. in the direction of the tyre axis.
 Over this runs a number of breaker strips in the circumferential direction.
Radial Ply Tyre:

12. Combination of both the radial and cross ply type.
Basic construction is the bias ply over which run a
number of breaker belts .
The belt improve the characteristic of the bias ply to a
large extent.
Belted-Bias Tyre

13. Radial ply Cross ply
Belted bias

14. According to construction:
Conventional tube
Tyre Tubeless Tyre

15. Conventional tube Tyre
The sidewall is a protective rubber coating on the outside of the tyre carcass and is
designed to resist cutting, abrasion, and cracking.
To prevent the tyre from being thrown off from the rim, the plies are attached to the
two rings of bundles of bronze coated high tension steel wire strands insulated with
rubber.
A radial load tyre normally has one such bundle in the lead whereas a cross ply
tyre for off road use may have two or three bundles.

16. Don’t need separate tube in the air which is under immense pressure is filled in the
tyre itself for this purpose a non-return valve is fitted to the rim.
Based on the construction, almost similar to tubed tyre except lined on inside with a
special air retaining liner made of halogenated rubber like Bromo-butyl or Chloro-
butyl for better performance.
Major difference between the tubed tyre and the tubeless tyre lies in the bead area of
the tyre.
Tubeless Tyre

17. Rib shape:
As the name implies the design of this pattern is like a rib
shape.
Asymmetric pattern:
Asymmetric tire haven a different tread design on the
inside to the outside.

18. Block shape:-
This type of pattern as the name suggests has a block
shape design.
Zigzag shape:-
This is a classic tread design for a van.

19. Tyre Markings
SIDEWALL MARKINGS
 Most tires are described by an alphanumeric tire code
which is generally molded into the sidewall of the tire.
 This code specifies the dimensions of the tires and some of its key limitations,
such as load bearing ability, and maximum speed.

20. Sidewall marking