Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is transmitted through ingestion of food or water contaminated by the feces or urine of infected individuals. Symptoms include sustained fever, headache, abdominal pain and rose-colored spots on the skin. Untreated cases can lead to severe complications and death. Diagnosis involves blood cultures early in infection. Treatment consists of antibiotics like chloramphenicol or ciprofloxacin. Vaccines are available to prevent typhoid but drug resistance has emerged as a concern.