Types of civil engineering drawing
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This lecture helps you to understand the different types of Civil Engineering drawing which are used now a days
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This document provides an overview of civil engineering drawings, including their importance and different types. It discusses index maps, key plans, topographical maps, village maps, site plans, layout plans, preliminary drawings, working drawings, large scale drawings and enlarged scale drawings. Symbols, drawing paper sizes, title blocks and guidelines for letter sizes are also covered. The key types of civil engineering drawings summarized are index maps, site plans, and working drawings, which provide location details, plot information and dimensions, and construction details.
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Financial sanction
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TS
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approximate estimate
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This document provides an overview of civil engineering drawings, including their importance and different types. It discusses index maps, key plans, topographical maps, village maps, site plans, layout plans, preliminary drawings, working drawings, large scale drawings and enlarged scale drawings. Symbols, drawing paper sizes, title blocks and guidelines for letter sizes are also covered. The key types of civil engineering drawings summarized are index maps, site plans, and working drawings, which provide location details, plot information and dimensions, and construction details.
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(If any copyrighted materials have been inadvertently used in this work without proper credit being given in one form or another, please notify)
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This document provides information on civil engineering measurement tasks. It discusses the need for a separate Standard Method of Measurement (SMM) for civil engineering works compared to building works. It illustrates key differences between bills of quantities for civil engineering and building projects. It includes a sample preliminaries bill and specification notes for a retaining wall project. The conclusion emphasizes that the Civil Engineering SMM provides a uniform basis for measurement and embraces good practice principles.
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Sanctions
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Administrative sanction
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perliminary estimate
approximate estimate
abstract estimate
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approximate quantity method
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Abstract of estimate cost
Revised estimate
Supplementary estimate
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4. Objectives To complete the project in specified time and with allocated budget. To Plan and schedule the work and distribute between various departments. Deployment of personnel in Different tasks. To achieve High quality workmanship. Creating an organisation that works as a team. Using the limited available resources and producing maximum output. Providing safe and satisfactory working conditions for all personnel and workers.
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Construction Project Management is an important subject to learn in Civil Engineering.
Significance • As construction involves various activities starting from the design and planning to project completion and quality check, there is a exorbitant need for Management of construction. • Construction Industry plays a crucial role in the economy and development of a nation.
4. Objectives To complete the project in specified time and with allocated budget. To Plan and schedule the work and distribute between various departments. Deployment of personnel in Different tasks. To achieve High quality workmanship. Creating an organisation that works as a team. Using the limited available resources and producing maximum output. Providing safe and satisfactory working conditions for all personnel and workers.
5. Functions: Planning & Scheduling Organizing Staffing Directing Controlling & Co-ordinating
6. Stages of construction Briefing Designing Tendering Construction Commissioning
7. 1) Briefing Stage • This stage consists of framework required for the construction work to take a shape from the ideology of client and feasibility of Project which involves architects, engineers and project manager.
Objectives Developing Alternatives Feasible Solution ? Evaluation of Alternatives Report & Recommendation Technical and non technical Investigations
8. 2) Designing or planning Stage Prepare construction schedule Prepare final cost estimate Prepare Working Drawings and specificati ons Prepare scheme and detailed designs Soil investigations, Topographic investigation, material supply and market surveys etc Carry out Technical Investigations Final adoption of the most suitable summary Finalize Project Summary
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The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of civil engineers. It provides details about the various stages of civil and structural engineering drawings, from design to construction. Civil engineers plan, design, and oversee the construction of infrastructure like buildings, roads, and water systems. They ensure structures are stable and secure to withstand weather and usage over hundreds of years. Engineering drawings are a language that clearly conveys an engineer's design to technicians and others involved in construction.
FNBE AUGUST'14 ICI&ITD Presentation Project 1
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of civil engineers. It provides details about the various stages of civil and structural engineering drawings, from design to construction. Civil engineers plan, design, and oversee the construction of infrastructure like buildings, roads, and water systems. They ensure structures are stable and secure to withstand weather and usage over hundreds of years. Engineering drawings are a language that clearly conveys an engineer's design to technicians and others involved in construction.
Ici&itd presentation project 1
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of civil engineers. It provides details about the various stages of civil and structural engineering drawings, from design to construction. Civil engineers plan, design, and oversee the construction of infrastructure like buildings, roads, and water systems. They ensure structures are stable and secure to withstand weather and usage. Engineering drawings are a language used by engineers and technicians to clearly express design ideas at different project stages from pre-tender to as-built.
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Ewb usa-2015-regional-conference-documenting-your-design-presentation-supplem...
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This lecture will give you a brief introduction to glaciers and helps you to better understand the glaciers.
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This lecture helps you to understand the basic terminologies of earthquakes. In this lecture you will also learn how to calculate the Earth Quakes.
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The most important for an architecture or civil engineer is to provide a comfortable and aesthetically beautiful building. This lecture contains all the specifications which are important for a drwaing
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This lecture contains the detail of isometric projections of an object. This will improve your skills to draw isometric views which is the major part of engineering drawings.
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The document discusses guidelines for using instruments and lettering in technical drawings. It covers:
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2. Guidelines for lettering including using capital letters, maintaining consistent height and spacing, and writing fractions and dimensions.
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civil engineering drawing
This document discusses the key differences between model drawings and building drawings used in civil engineering. Building drawings must be done at a larger scale since objects are much bigger in real life. The scale used determines the reduction factor to relate actual sizes to drawing sizes. Common views shown in building drawings are plans, elevations, and sections. Plans show the layout and dimensions of elements from a top view. Elevations show the external appearance without dimensions. Sections provide cut views with full dimensions and details. Dimensioning and views are important for structural design. Examples of features shown include walls, windows, doors, floors, and roofs. Architectural design considerations include plot size, bye laws, covered area, and available funds.
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The document defines different types of views used in architectural and building drawings. A plan is a top view drawn by assuming a horizontal cut just above the sill level. An elevation shows the front, back, or side of a finished building. A section is a cutaway view that shows both the superstructure and substructure with details. Plans, elevations, and sections are used to communicate different information about a building design.
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This lecture will the cover the complete understanding to components of building which makes a building like beam, column and lintels etc.
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BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION
AND CLASSIFICATION USING
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Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
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- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
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- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
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Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
CalArts毕业证学历书【微信95270640】CalArts毕业证’圣力嘉学院毕业证《Q微信95270640》办理CalArts毕业证√文凭学历制作{CalArts文凭}购买学历学位证书本科硕士,CalArts毕业证学历学位证【实体公司】办毕业证、成绩单、学历认证、学位证、文凭认证、办留信网认证、（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）
(诚招代理)办理国外高校毕业证成绩单文凭学位证,真实使馆公证（留学回国人员证明）真实留信网认证国外学历学位认证雅思代考国外学校代申请名校保录开请假条改GPA改成绩ID卡
1.高仿业务:【本科硕士】毕业证,成绩单（GPA修改）,学历认证（教育部认证）,大学Offer,,ID,留信认证,使馆认证,雅思,语言证书等高仿类证书；
2.认证服务: 学历认证（教育部认证）,大使馆认证（回国人员证明）,留信认证（可查有编号证书）,大学保录取,雅思保分成绩单。
3.技术服务：钢印水印烫金激光防伪凹凸版设计印刷激凸温感光标底纹镭射速度快。
办理加利福尼亚艺术学院加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书流程：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
-办理真实使馆公证（即留学回国人员证明）
-办理各国各大学文凭（世界名校一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度）
-全套服务：毕业证成绩单真实使馆公证真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足！
（详情请加一下 文凭顾问+微信:95270640）欢迎咨询！子小伍玩小伍比山娃小一岁虎头虎脑的很霸气父亲让山娃跟小伍去夏令营听课山娃很高兴夏令营就设在附近一所小学山娃发现那所小学比自己的学校更大更美操场上还铺有塑胶跑道呢里面很多小朋友一班一班的快快乐乐原来城里娃都藏这儿来了怪不得平时见不到他们山娃恍然大悟起来吹拉弹唱琴棋书画山娃都不懂却什么都想学山娃怨自己太笨什么都不会斟酌再三山娃终于选定了学美术当听说每月要交元时父亲犹豫了山娃也说爸算了吧咱学校一学期才转
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Types of civil engineering drawing
- 1. Types of Civil Engineering Drawing Ahmad Hassan 2016-Civ-321
- 2. Proposal & Perspective Drawing • First architect collects data and requirements for the building such as the • Funds available, • Plot size, • Use of the building, • Number of stories desired, • North direction, • Plot-level • Especially in comparison with road level, required room sizes, etc.
- 3. • Then he makes a number of proposals keeping in mind the by-laws of the controlling authorities. • For proposals, plans and elevation are drawn on a very small scale like 1/8 or 1/16 while the section is usually not needed.
- 4. • Plans and elevation, in these drawings, are made attractive even by coloring and, if needed, perspectives are also drawn to impress the client. • The proposals are then discussed with the client and changes are made according to his wishes. • Sometimes, if the client dislikes the proposals altogether, new proposals are to be made. • Offering of proposals is continued till the client is satisfied with a certain plan.
- 5. Submission Drawing • Submission drawing is usually a legal drawing used to approve the plan from the controlling authority like LDA, MDA and CDA. • Plan (Ground Floor, First Floor, and so on), Elevation and section is drawn in this drawing are most commonly drawn on 1/8 scale. Section here is used to give important heights but all the details are not required. • That is why it is also drawn on 1/8 scale and is taken through such a portion so that it is the simplest sectional view.
- 6. • Submission Drawing Also Contains • Site Plan • Location Plan
- 7. Site Plan • Site plan is required in the submission drawing for plots greater in size than 10 marlas. • Site plan shows the block of actual building or the constructed portion as compared to the total plot area. It is drawn on a very small; scale like 1/16 or 1/32. • If site plan is included In the drawing, the main plans are only drawn for the constructed portion without showing the open spaces and the boundary wall.
- 8. • Various services are also shown in the site plan, for example, if sewerage line is passing, two or three man-holes of the main line are shown and then connection for the plot is indicated. • Further comments are written like -disposal to WASA Sewerage Line" etc.
- 9. Site Plan
- 10. Location Plan • Location plan is also drawn to indicate the location of the plot, on a scale like 1/64. • It is a part-plan of the total scheme; one or two main roads with their names and neighboring plots are shown. • Doors, windows and ventilators are Marked by D1, D2, , W1, W2, and V1, V2, in the plans. • The sizes of these components and other related details are given in the form of a table called Schedule of Openings.
- 11. Location Plan
- 12. Working Drawing • Working drawing are those which are used to carry out construction on site according to design • Example of the working drawing is • Architectural working Drawing • Structural Working Drawing
- 13. It Includes • Foundation Plan • Plumbing Details • Detail of Door and Windows • Electric Fitting Plan
- 14. • After approval of the plan, through the submission drawing, architectural working drawings are made in which all the details are given which are necessary for construction. • The sections are drawn on enlarged scale and as many number of sections are used as needed to clearly ,plain the Structure. • On blown-up scales, stair details and details of kitchen and bathrooms etc. are also shown. • Further, position of various types of furniture's Indicated in the plans.
- 15. • More than one elevations are drawn to represent the shape from different directions. • In working drawings, we can make small changes from the approved plans like alteration in the position of door. and windows and small adjustments in the internal sizes of the rooms • After structural and plumbing design of the building, working drawings are made to show the results of these designs.
- 16. Completion Drawing • After construction of the building, drawings are made according to the actually constructed features called completion or as-built drawings. • These drawings are then submitted to the authorities to get the completion certificate and only after their approval the owner can legally occupy the building.