Different levels in a Building
•
1 like•809 views
This lecture helps you to understand the levels which a building have like ground level, plinth level and finish floor level etc.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
CONSTRUCTION OF DOMES
- INTRODUCTION
-EVOLUTION
-CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
BY-
SAMIKSHA CHOUDHARY
SONAL BHARADIA
(MANIPAL UNIVERSITY, KARNATAKA)
Prefabrication construction
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
Shear wall
Shear wallFinal year Btech civil engineering student at viswajyothi college of engineering & technology
shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure.Prestressed concrete
This document discusses different methods of prestressing concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before placing concrete around them, while post-tensioning involves stressing tendons after the concrete has cured using hydraulic jacks. Post-tensioning allows for longer spans, thinner slabs, and more architectural freedom compared to conventional reinforced concrete or pretensioned concrete. Common applications of post-tensioning include parking structures, bridges, and building floors and roofs.
Sem 2 bs1 storm water system
This document discusses stormwater systems and management. It begins by defining stormwater as rain and snowmelt running off surfaces into storm drains and waterways. As stormwater flows, it can pick up pollution. Large impervious surfaces from urban development increase runoff quantities and cause issues like flooding, erosion, and habitat loss. The document outlines how stormwater can impact human health, drinking water, and aquatic life if untreated. It then describes components of stormwater drainage systems like storm drains, catch basins, and pipes. Stormwater management aims to control runoff quantities and treat pollution using structural methods like retention ponds and green infrastructure before discharge. Factors like impervious surfaces and development practices affect stormwater and need
TALL BUILDINGS
DEMAND FOR TALL BUILDINGS
COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF TALL BUILDINGS
STRUCTURAL CONCERNS
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
FUTURE TALL BUILDINGS
MULTI-STOREY CAR PARKING
The document presents the design of a multi-level car parking structure with 4 floors above ground in Thirunelveli, India. The objectives are to analyze and design the structure, estimate construction costs, and provide safe, accessible parking. The methodology includes planning, analysis, design, detailing, estimation. The building is a concrete frame structure with a conventional car parking layout accessed by a helical ramp and stairs/lift. Structural analysis was conducted manually and using STADD Pro software. Key elements like slabs, beams, columns, footings, staircase, and ramp were designed according to Indian codes and standards.
Building service final pdf
The document provides a literature review on mechanical ventilation systems, air conditioning systems, fire protection systems, and mechanical transportation systems used in buildings. It discusses the functions and components of mechanical ventilation systems, including filtration, dehumidification, and conditioning of incoming air. Mechanical ventilation systems are compared to natural ventilation systems, and the advantages of mechanical ventilation in providing better indoor air quality, more control, ability to expel pollutants, and climatic independence are outlined. The literature review provides background information on various building service systems to develop an understanding of their applications in the construction industry.
Recommended
CONSTRUCTION OF DOMES
- INTRODUCTION
-EVOLUTION
-CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
BY-
SAMIKSHA CHOUDHARY
SONAL BHARADIA
(MANIPAL UNIVERSITY, KARNATAKA)
Prefabrication construction
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
Shear wall
Shear wallFinal year Btech civil engineering student at viswajyothi college of engineering & technology
shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure.Prestressed concrete
This document discusses different methods of prestressing concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before placing concrete around them, while post-tensioning involves stressing tendons after the concrete has cured using hydraulic jacks. Post-tensioning allows for longer spans, thinner slabs, and more architectural freedom compared to conventional reinforced concrete or pretensioned concrete. Common applications of post-tensioning include parking structures, bridges, and building floors and roofs.
Sem 2 bs1 storm water system
This document discusses stormwater systems and management. It begins by defining stormwater as rain and snowmelt running off surfaces into storm drains and waterways. As stormwater flows, it can pick up pollution. Large impervious surfaces from urban development increase runoff quantities and cause issues like flooding, erosion, and habitat loss. The document outlines how stormwater can impact human health, drinking water, and aquatic life if untreated. It then describes components of stormwater drainage systems like storm drains, catch basins, and pipes. Stormwater management aims to control runoff quantities and treat pollution using structural methods like retention ponds and green infrastructure before discharge. Factors like impervious surfaces and development practices affect stormwater and need
TALL BUILDINGS
DEMAND FOR TALL BUILDINGS
COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF TALL BUILDINGS
STRUCTURAL CONCERNS
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
FUTURE TALL BUILDINGS
MULTI-STOREY CAR PARKING
The document presents the design of a multi-level car parking structure with 4 floors above ground in Thirunelveli, India. The objectives are to analyze and design the structure, estimate construction costs, and provide safe, accessible parking. The methodology includes planning, analysis, design, detailing, estimation. The building is a concrete frame structure with a conventional car parking layout accessed by a helical ramp and stairs/lift. Structural analysis was conducted manually and using STADD Pro software. Key elements like slabs, beams, columns, footings, staircase, and ramp were designed according to Indian codes and standards.
Building service final pdf
The document provides a literature review on mechanical ventilation systems, air conditioning systems, fire protection systems, and mechanical transportation systems used in buildings. It discusses the functions and components of mechanical ventilation systems, including filtration, dehumidification, and conditioning of incoming air. Mechanical ventilation systems are compared to natural ventilation systems, and the advantages of mechanical ventilation in providing better indoor air quality, more control, ability to expel pollutants, and climatic independence are outlined. The literature review provides background information on various building service systems to develop an understanding of their applications in the construction industry.
Escalators
a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building, specially where lifts/ elevators would be impractical
Elevators & Escalators
An escalator consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that move up or down on tracks, allowing the steps to remain horizontal. Escalators are used to efficiently move large numbers of people between floors in places where elevators would be impractical, such as in department stores and airports. The main components of an escalator include the landing platforms that house the drive gears and motors, a truss that bridges the platforms, and tracks that guide the endless chain of steps in their continuous loop. Escalators are designed to have a step width of 600mm, 800mm, or 1000mm and a standard transportation speed between 0.5 to 0.65m/s.
Flat slab ppt
This document discusses the design of flat slab structures. It begins by defining a flat slab as a type of slab supported directly on columns without beams. It then provides details on the types of flat slabs, their common uses in buildings, and benefits such as flexibility in layout and reduced construction time. The document goes on to discuss key design considerations for flat slabs including thickness, drops, column heads, and methods of analysis. It focuses on the direct design method and provides limitations for its use.
High rise building construction
1) High rise buildings are becoming more common due to scarcity of land and demand for space. They are defined differently but generally refer to buildings over 15 meters tall.
2) Foundations for high rise buildings include shallow foundations like spread footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles. Piles transfer load through end bearing or friction along their length.
3) Structural systems for high rise buildings must resist both gravity and lateral loads. Interior systems include rigid frames and shear walls. Exterior systems such as tube and diagrid systems resist loads along the building perimeter.
Beams
OUTLINE
introduction
classification
loads
materials used
Type of reinforcement
RCC
construction methods in RCC
Analysis and design
Detailing
Basic Rules
Site visit
video
High rise construction
This whole ppt is about high rise construction... Having types..
why it is necessary.. and much more with literature study..
i hope u will like it..
Prefabricated structures
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
Vertical transporation systems in building
The document discusses different types of lifts used in buildings. It describes traction lifts, hydraulic lifts, hospital lifts, high residential lifts, and store lifts. Traction lifts are most commonly used for mid-rise and high-rise buildings due to their higher speeds. Hydraulic lifts are used for low-rise buildings up to 8 stories. Hospital lifts are designed to transport large equipment and have wider doors. Residential lifts require regular maintenance. Store lifts transport heavy goods. Proper lift planning considers passenger volume, capacity, and wait times.
Steel portal frames
This document discusses steel portal frames, which are low-rise structures used for industrial and warehouse buildings. They consist of columns connected by horizontal or pitched beams via moment-resisting connections. This allows the frame to act as a single structural unit and reduces bending moments in the beams. Pin joints are introduced to overcome rotational stresses from the beams to the columns. The document then discusses loads on portal frames, proper joint and foundation design, and bracing requirements. It provides specifications for typical steel sections used in portal frames and dimensions. Finally, it summarizes the steel portal frame roof design of the Turbhe Railway Station in India, which features an 84-meter long semi-circular ribbed arch roof.
Earthquake and effect in building types precaution
The document discusses earthquake resistant buildings. It begins by explaining the causes of earthquakes and how seismic waves travel and are measured. It then discusses plate tectonics theory and the different types of faults that cause earthquakes. The key aspects for earthquake resistant design are discussed - allowing structures to deform without collapsing through ductility and following seismic building codes. Masonry structures need horizontal bands and vertical reinforcement to perform well during quakes. Diaphragms and shear walls are the main lateral load resisting systems to transfer seismic forces safely to the ground.
Design of beam
The document provides details on the design procedure for beams. It discusses estimating loads, analyzing beams to determine shear forces and bending moments, and designing beams. The design process involves selecting the beam size and shape, calculating the effective span, determining critical moments and shears, selecting reinforcement, and checking requirements such as shear capacity, deflection limits, and development lengths. An example problem demonstrates designing a singly reinforced concrete beam with a span of 5 meters to support a working live load of 25 kN/m.
Underpinning presentation chakamba
This document discusses technical education and underpinning foundations. It begins with definitions of technical education and underpinning. Reasons for underpinning include new construction, structural issues, soil instability, and excavation. Common underpinning methods discussed include conventional pit method, jet grouting, micropiles, needle beams, cantilever needle beams, and underpinning railway bridges. The document emphasizes that underpinning requires expert design and execution to safely renovate structures and protect surrounding buildings.
Foundation types
This document discusses different types of foundations, including shallow and deep foundations. Shallow foundations include spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, and raft/mat foundations. Deep foundations include pile foundations, pier foundations, and caisson/well foundations. It also discusses considerations for foundations on expansive black cotton soil, recommending methods like strip foundations, pier foundations, and under-reamed pile foundations.
Modular construction ppt
This presentation defines and enables the readers to understand the concept of modular construction and the aspects and applicability for the execution of modular construction.
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRUCTIONS IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
The document summarizes a technical seminar on advanced construction techniques for high-rise buildings. It defines high-rise buildings according to different standards, and discusses the need for high-rises due to increasing population density. Various construction methods are described, including slip forming, jump forming, and tunnel forming. Main equipment used includes tower cranes and concrete pumps. Advantages of high-rises include accommodating more people and businesses while using less land area. Disadvantages include higher construction costs and accessibility issues if elevators fail.
Roof components
Gable –The triangular end of a pitched roof, or the triangular upper part of the gable wall.
Hip – The edge of a hipped roof that runs from the ridge to the eaves. It is formed when two sloping surfaces intersect.
Eaves – This is the lower edge of the roof surface that overhangs the walls.
Soffit – This is the underside of the eaves that is fi xed to the back of the fascia and the wall. It forms an enclosed element all around the building.
Ridge – This is the uppermost line of the roof and is formed at the intersection of two sloping surfaces.
Valley – This is the line formed at the internal intersection of two sloping surfaces. It runs from the ridge to the eaves.
Verge – This is the underside surface of the eaves and the soffi t of a gable roof which overhangs the gable wall.
Structural systems in high rise building and analysis methods
This presentation is about the structural systems in tall buildings and also consists of overview of methods of analysis in tall buildings like linear and non linear seismic analysis.
Tube structures
The bundled tube structure meant that "buildings no longer need be boxlike in appearance: they could become sculpture." Hybrids. Hybrids include a varied category of structures where the basic concept of tube is used, and supplemented by other structural support(s).
framed tube structure
structure tube furniture
structure tube canada
tube structural system
tube structure design
tube frame building kits
tube structure buildings
tube framed buildings
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
Advanced construction equipments and techniques
This document discusses advanced construction techniques and modern materials. It describes underwater construction methods like caissons and cofferdams. Trenchless technology techniques for installing pipes are also covered, including pipe jacking, auger boring, and microtunneling. Modern materials presented include fly ash bricks, translucent concrete, liquid granite, carbon nanotubes, and solar panel roofing tiles. The document concludes that these advanced techniques and innovative materials can improve properties, recycling, and make construction more efficient.
Highrise structure
This document summarizes different types of high-rise structures and provides case studies. It discusses braced frame structures, rigid frame structures, and infilled frame structures. Braced frames use diagonal bracing like X, K, or knee bracing to provide rigidity. Rigid frames have columns and girders joined together. Infilled frames use infill walls to stiffen and strengthen the structure. Case studies include the Central Plaza in Malaysia and Century Tower in Japan, which use K and knee bracing, and the Petronas Towers, which are a rigid frame structure.
Glaciers
This lecture will give you a brief introduction to glaciers and helps you to better understand the glaciers.
Earthquakes: Introduction and Evaluation
This lecture helps you to understand the basic terminologies of earthquakes. In this lecture you will also learn how to calculate the Earth Quakes.
More Related Content
What's hot
Escalators
a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building, specially where lifts/ elevators would be impractical
Elevators & Escalators
An escalator consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that move up or down on tracks, allowing the steps to remain horizontal. Escalators are used to efficiently move large numbers of people between floors in places where elevators would be impractical, such as in department stores and airports. The main components of an escalator include the landing platforms that house the drive gears and motors, a truss that bridges the platforms, and tracks that guide the endless chain of steps in their continuous loop. Escalators are designed to have a step width of 600mm, 800mm, or 1000mm and a standard transportation speed between 0.5 to 0.65m/s.
Flat slab ppt
This document discusses the design of flat slab structures. It begins by defining a flat slab as a type of slab supported directly on columns without beams. It then provides details on the types of flat slabs, their common uses in buildings, and benefits such as flexibility in layout and reduced construction time. The document goes on to discuss key design considerations for flat slabs including thickness, drops, column heads, and methods of analysis. It focuses on the direct design method and provides limitations for its use.
High rise building construction
1) High rise buildings are becoming more common due to scarcity of land and demand for space. They are defined differently but generally refer to buildings over 15 meters tall.
2) Foundations for high rise buildings include shallow foundations like spread footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles. Piles transfer load through end bearing or friction along their length.
3) Structural systems for high rise buildings must resist both gravity and lateral loads. Interior systems include rigid frames and shear walls. Exterior systems such as tube and diagrid systems resist loads along the building perimeter.
Beams
OUTLINE
introduction
classification
loads
materials used
Type of reinforcement
RCC
construction methods in RCC
Analysis and design
Detailing
Basic Rules
Site visit
video
High rise construction
This whole ppt is about high rise construction... Having types..
why it is necessary.. and much more with literature study..
i hope u will like it..
Prefabricated structures
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
Vertical transporation systems in building
The document discusses different types of lifts used in buildings. It describes traction lifts, hydraulic lifts, hospital lifts, high residential lifts, and store lifts. Traction lifts are most commonly used for mid-rise and high-rise buildings due to their higher speeds. Hydraulic lifts are used for low-rise buildings up to 8 stories. Hospital lifts are designed to transport large equipment and have wider doors. Residential lifts require regular maintenance. Store lifts transport heavy goods. Proper lift planning considers passenger volume, capacity, and wait times.
Steel portal frames
This document discusses steel portal frames, which are low-rise structures used for industrial and warehouse buildings. They consist of columns connected by horizontal or pitched beams via moment-resisting connections. This allows the frame to act as a single structural unit and reduces bending moments in the beams. Pin joints are introduced to overcome rotational stresses from the beams to the columns. The document then discusses loads on portal frames, proper joint and foundation design, and bracing requirements. It provides specifications for typical steel sections used in portal frames and dimensions. Finally, it summarizes the steel portal frame roof design of the Turbhe Railway Station in India, which features an 84-meter long semi-circular ribbed arch roof.
Earthquake and effect in building types precaution
The document discusses earthquake resistant buildings. It begins by explaining the causes of earthquakes and how seismic waves travel and are measured. It then discusses plate tectonics theory and the different types of faults that cause earthquakes. The key aspects for earthquake resistant design are discussed - allowing structures to deform without collapsing through ductility and following seismic building codes. Masonry structures need horizontal bands and vertical reinforcement to perform well during quakes. Diaphragms and shear walls are the main lateral load resisting systems to transfer seismic forces safely to the ground.
Design of beam
The document provides details on the design procedure for beams. It discusses estimating loads, analyzing beams to determine shear forces and bending moments, and designing beams. The design process involves selecting the beam size and shape, calculating the effective span, determining critical moments and shears, selecting reinforcement, and checking requirements such as shear capacity, deflection limits, and development lengths. An example problem demonstrates designing a singly reinforced concrete beam with a span of 5 meters to support a working live load of 25 kN/m.
Underpinning presentation chakamba
This document discusses technical education and underpinning foundations. It begins with definitions of technical education and underpinning. Reasons for underpinning include new construction, structural issues, soil instability, and excavation. Common underpinning methods discussed include conventional pit method, jet grouting, micropiles, needle beams, cantilever needle beams, and underpinning railway bridges. The document emphasizes that underpinning requires expert design and execution to safely renovate structures and protect surrounding buildings.
Foundation types
This document discusses different types of foundations, including shallow and deep foundations. Shallow foundations include spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, and raft/mat foundations. Deep foundations include pile foundations, pier foundations, and caisson/well foundations. It also discusses considerations for foundations on expansive black cotton soil, recommending methods like strip foundations, pier foundations, and under-reamed pile foundations.
Modular construction ppt
This presentation defines and enables the readers to understand the concept of modular construction and the aspects and applicability for the execution of modular construction.
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRUCTIONS IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
The document summarizes a technical seminar on advanced construction techniques for high-rise buildings. It defines high-rise buildings according to different standards, and discusses the need for high-rises due to increasing population density. Various construction methods are described, including slip forming, jump forming, and tunnel forming. Main equipment used includes tower cranes and concrete pumps. Advantages of high-rises include accommodating more people and businesses while using less land area. Disadvantages include higher construction costs and accessibility issues if elevators fail.
Roof components
Gable –The triangular end of a pitched roof, or the triangular upper part of the gable wall.
Hip – The edge of a hipped roof that runs from the ridge to the eaves. It is formed when two sloping surfaces intersect.
Eaves – This is the lower edge of the roof surface that overhangs the walls.
Soffit – This is the underside of the eaves that is fi xed to the back of the fascia and the wall. It forms an enclosed element all around the building.
Ridge – This is the uppermost line of the roof and is formed at the intersection of two sloping surfaces.
Valley – This is the line formed at the internal intersection of two sloping surfaces. It runs from the ridge to the eaves.
Verge – This is the underside surface of the eaves and the soffi t of a gable roof which overhangs the gable wall.
Structural systems in high rise building and analysis methods
This presentation is about the structural systems in tall buildings and also consists of overview of methods of analysis in tall buildings like linear and non linear seismic analysis.
Tube structures
The bundled tube structure meant that "buildings no longer need be boxlike in appearance: they could become sculpture." Hybrids. Hybrids include a varied category of structures where the basic concept of tube is used, and supplemented by other structural support(s).
framed tube structure
structure tube furniture
structure tube canada
tube structural system
tube structure design
tube frame building kits
tube structure buildings
tube framed buildings
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
Advanced construction equipments and techniques
This document discusses advanced construction techniques and modern materials. It describes underwater construction methods like caissons and cofferdams. Trenchless technology techniques for installing pipes are also covered, including pipe jacking, auger boring, and microtunneling. Modern materials presented include fly ash bricks, translucent concrete, liquid granite, carbon nanotubes, and solar panel roofing tiles. The document concludes that these advanced techniques and innovative materials can improve properties, recycling, and make construction more efficient.
Highrise structure
This document summarizes different types of high-rise structures and provides case studies. It discusses braced frame structures, rigid frame structures, and infilled frame structures. Braced frames use diagonal bracing like X, K, or knee bracing to provide rigidity. Rigid frames have columns and girders joined together. Infilled frames use infill walls to stiffen and strengthen the structure. Case studies include the Central Plaza in Malaysia and Century Tower in Japan, which use K and knee bracing, and the Petronas Towers, which are a rigid frame structure.
What's hot (20)
Earthquake and effect in building types precaution
Earthquake and effect in building types precaution
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRUCTIONS IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRUCTIONS IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
Structural systems in high rise building and analysis methods
Structural systems in high rise building and analysis methods
More from Ahmad Hassan
Glaciers
This lecture will give you a brief introduction to glaciers and helps you to better understand the glaciers.
Earthquakes: Introduction and Evaluation
This lecture helps you to understand the basic terminologies of earthquakes. In this lecture you will also learn how to calculate the Earth Quakes.
Types of civil engineering drawing
This lecture helps you to understand the different types of Civil Engineering drawing which are used now a days
Modern Design of a Building
The most important for an architecture or civil engineer is to provide a comfortable and aesthetically beautiful building. This lecture contains all the specifications which are important for a drwaing
Isometric View of an Object
This lecture contains the detail of isometric projections of an object. This will improve your skills to draw isometric views which is the major part of engineering drawings.
Use of Instrument and Lettering in Civil Engineering Drawing
The document discusses guidelines for using instruments and lettering in technical drawings. It covers:
1. Classification of lines according to thickness, darkness, and shape and their appropriate uses. Very thick lines are used to show reinforcement, thinner lines for other features.
2. Guidelines for lettering including using capital letters, maintaining consistent height and spacing, and writing fractions and dimensions.
3. Proper use of instruments like T-squares and triangles to draw accurate horizontal and vertical lines and ensure alignments are perpendicular. Templates are also discussed.
civil engineering drawing
This document discusses the key differences between model drawings and building drawings used in civil engineering. Building drawings must be done at a larger scale since objects are much bigger in real life. The scale used determines the reduction factor to relate actual sizes to drawing sizes. Common views shown in building drawings are plans, elevations, and sections. Plans show the layout and dimensions of elements from a top view. Elevations show the external appearance without dimensions. Sections provide cut views with full dimensions and details. Dimensioning and views are important for structural design. Examples of features shown include walls, windows, doors, floors, and roofs. Architectural design considerations include plot size, bye laws, covered area, and available funds.
Different types of Views
The document defines different types of views used in architectural and building drawings. A plan is a top view drawn by assuming a horizontal cut just above the sill level. An elevation shows the front, back, or side of a finished building. A section is a cutaway view that shows both the superstructure and substructure with details. Plans, elevations, and sections are used to communicate different information about a building design.
Components of A Building
This lecture will the cover the complete understanding to components of building which makes a building like beam, column and lintels etc.
building material in Civil engineering
This lecture helps you to understand the building materials used in civil engineering like cement, mortar and concrete etc.
Proteous
Introduction to proteus for dummies. It is a software used to simulate electrical circuits. It saves time and also appliances. It is widely used now a days in electrical technology.
More from Ahmad Hassan (11)
Use of Instrument and Lettering in Civil Engineering Drawing
Use of Instrument and Lettering in Civil Engineering Drawing
Recently uploaded
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
SCALING OF MOS CIRCUITS m .pptx
this ppt explains about scaling parameters of the mosfet it is basically vlsi subject
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
一比一原版(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
Slides for the 4th Presentation on LLM Fine-Tuning with QLoRA Presented by Anant, featuring DataStax Astra
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Data Driven Maintenance | UReason Webinar
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
一比一原版(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Design and optimization of ion propulsion drone
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Recently uploaded (20)
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
1FIDIC-CONSTRUCTION-CONTRACT-2ND-ED-2017-RED-BOOK.pdf
1FIDIC-CONSTRUCTION-CONTRACT-2ND-ED-2017-RED-BOOK.pdf
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
Different levels in a Building
- 1. Different Levels Ahmad Hassan 2016-Civ-321
- 2. Bottom of roof slab is called ceiling. Height of the ceiling from the finished floor level is called ceiling height. Which normally varies from 8 to 12 ft or more. In other words, the clear height available inside a building is known as ceiling height. Ceiling Height (C.H.)
- 3. It is the level of bottom of main windows from the top of floor. Generally 3 ft. In the past, a sill or slab was provided at the bottom of the windows projecting from the wall from which the term S.L. is derived. Now a days this type of sill is not used but the term S.L. is still there and is also important for some other definitions. Sill Level (S.L):
- 4. Top level of floor in any part of the building is called finished floor level. (Verandah) Finished Floor Level (F.F.L):
- 5. It is the level of the ground floor top in main part of the building. It is made higher than the ground level by an amount depending upon the following factors with a minimum of 1 ft. Rainwater Drainage Future trends Plinth Level (P.L.):
- 6. You can see here the beam is constructed at ground level. The void between the foundation and plinth level is filled with compacted soil.
- 7. Ground Level
- 8. It is the level of ground in or near the building which may be natural or developed ground level. Ground Level (G.L.):