This document contains information about specifications for civil engineering projects, including:
1. It defines a specification as a detailed description of workmanship and materials required to complete an engineering project. Specifications are necessary to specify quality, quantity of materials, work methods, and are essential contract documents.
2. There are two main types of specifications - general specifications which provide a brief overview of materials and construction, and detailed specifications which provide complete information about materials, workmanship, testing, and measurement of work.
3. Examples of general specifications for first and second class buildings are given, outlining foundation, flooring, roofing, finishing, doors/windows, and other requirements at a high level.
This presentation will give the brief introduction to the specifications, its different types along with link to example of detailed specifications. Specifications of buildings and roads are discussed.
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
Types of Contract in Construction Management
Lump Sum Contract
Cost plus Fixed fee
Cost plus bid fee contract
Guaranteed Maximum
Negotiated
Unit price Contract
Design build
turn key contract
This presentation will give the brief introduction to the specifications, its different types along with link to example of detailed specifications. Specifications of buildings and roads are discussed.
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
Types of Contract in Construction Management
Lump Sum Contract
Cost plus Fixed fee
Cost plus bid fee contract
Guaranteed Maximum
Negotiated
Unit price Contract
Design build
turn key contract
Presentation is trying to define the intent , content, methods and scope of arbitration and tendering and its implications for the architectural practice.
Contracts and Tenders
When two or more persons have common intention communicated to each other to create same obligation between them there is said to be an agreement. An agreement which is enforceable by law is a Contract.
A Tenders is called upon for executing certain specified work, or supplying specified materials; subjected to certain terms and conditions like rates, time limit, etc. It is an offer in written form: Legally speaking, it is an offer to receive an offer for the work, within the specified financial limits.
Check for more presentations at - www.archistudent.net
Brief description is given about different types of estimates of buildings in civil engineering with basic technical terminology used in civil engineering field
paneled and glazed with iron fittings.
Each project has so many components.
It is not possible to give details to every item of work regarding quality of material and workmanship on the working drawing.
Therefore, a document containing description of materials, method of completing the work , quality of workmanship and precautions is attached with the estimate.
Before starting any work one must know detailed specification for the following reasons:
These describe the nature, class of the work and method of construction.
These give the idea for materials to be used in the work.
Total cost of project depends upon specifications adopted, strength & availability of materials.
Presentation is trying to define the intent , content, methods and scope of arbitration and tendering and its implications for the architectural practice.
Contracts and Tenders
When two or more persons have common intention communicated to each other to create same obligation between them there is said to be an agreement. An agreement which is enforceable by law is a Contract.
A Tenders is called upon for executing certain specified work, or supplying specified materials; subjected to certain terms and conditions like rates, time limit, etc. It is an offer in written form: Legally speaking, it is an offer to receive an offer for the work, within the specified financial limits.
Check for more presentations at - www.archistudent.net
Brief description is given about different types of estimates of buildings in civil engineering with basic technical terminology used in civil engineering field
paneled and glazed with iron fittings.
Each project has so many components.
It is not possible to give details to every item of work regarding quality of material and workmanship on the working drawing.
Therefore, a document containing description of materials, method of completing the work , quality of workmanship and precautions is attached with the estimate.
Before starting any work one must know detailed specification for the following reasons:
These describe the nature, class of the work and method of construction.
These give the idea for materials to be used in the work.
Total cost of project depends upon specifications adopted, strength & availability of materials.
2011 CTM Session 2: Terminology for Productsnovacsi
Focus on Division 07 to understand what happens when specifications terminology requires significant interpretation by the contractor or mixes up terminology, and the potential impact to prices, contracts, and project success.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
3. Specification
A specification is a specific description of a particular subject. An engineering specification contains
detailed description of all workmanship and materials which are required to complete an engineering
project in accordance with its drawings and details.
Objective of Specification:
The cost of a unit quantity of work is governed by its specification.
Specification of work is required to specify the quality and quantity of different materials required in a
construction work and is one of the essential contract documents.
This also specifies the workmanship and the method of doing work.
A work is carried out according to its specification and the contractor is paid for the same. Any change
in specification changes the tendered rate.
The necessity of specification is to verify and check the strength of materials for a work involved in a
project.
Specification is an essential contract document and is required for Arbitration or court cases.
Specification is necessary to specify the equipment, tools and plants to be engaged for a work and thus
enables to procure them beforehand.
4. Principles of specifications
Description of materials: The quality and size of materials required to do an item of work shall be fully
described for checking up at site according to the bindings provided in the specification.
Workmanship: Complete description of workmanship, the method of mixing to the proportion, the method of
laying, preparation of base or surface, compaction, finishing and curing etc. specifically applicable to the item of
work shall be clearly stated in different clauses.
Tools and plants: The tools and plants to be engaged to carry out a work shall be described. The method of
operation and by whom to be supplied shall be stated.
Protection of new work: The method of protection of new works against damage or the method of curing if
required, the test of completed work if necessary shall be described in separate clauses
Expression: While writing a specification endeavor shall be made to express the requirements of the
specification clearly and in concise form avoiding repetition and unusual words. The style of tense shall remain
same throughout.
Clauses of specifications: As far as possible, the clauses shall be arranged in the order in which work shall be
carried out. This does not mean to follow the works according to the order of arrangements but it facilitates
reference. While framing clauses for quality of materials, workmanship, tools and plants etc. practical
possibilities shall be realized.
5. Type of Specification
There are two types of specifications
1. General Specifications
2. Detailed Specifications
General specifications
In this type of specification, nature and class of works and names of materials that should be used are described.
General specifications provide a very brief explanation about construction materials and construction work.
These specifications are not a part of contract document. These specifications help about knowing the name of
different materials, their ratios, and quantities.
Detailed specifications
Detailed specifications convey the requirements of project to contractor through a detailed explanation of materials
and work.
It provides a complete knowledge about the construction material, workmanship of construction work, ratio of
different materials, mixing method, quantity of individual material, how to prepare the materials and conduct the
installation, different testing requirements to be followed and how work will be measured.
Detailed specifications are a part of contract, that’s why it helps in understanding the contract.
Detailed specifications should be written in a pattern which is to be followed during execution of work
6. General Specification of a First
Class Building
Foundation and plinth: Brickwork in foundation and plinth shall be of first-class brick in cement or lime
mortar over cement or lime concrete
Filling: Foundation trenches and plinth shall be filled up with local sand.
Damp-proof course: D.P.C. shall be 2.5 cm thick cement concrete or 2 cm thick cement mortar with 5%
waterproof compound by weight of cement or other standard water-proofing material.
Superstructure: Superstructure shall be of first-class brickwork in cement mortar
Flooring: Mosaic flooring shall be provided on all the floors including the staircase.
Roofing: The roof shall be 10 cm average thick lime terracing over it.
Finishing: Inside and outside wall shall be 12 mm thick cement plastered. The inside of the drawing, dining and
bedrooms shall be distempered and remaining portions white-washed three coats. The outside shall be two coats
decorative waterproof cement coating.
Doors and windows: Doors and windows frames shall be of seasoned teak wood and shutter of 3 cm thick teak
wood panelled. Brass fittings shall be provided. Doors and windows shall be varnished and French polish.
Miscellaneous: Rain-water pipes shall be of asbestos cement or cast-iron, finished with paint. All sanitary,
water-supply and electrical fittings shall be of first-class materials.
7. General Specification of a Second
Class Building
Foundation and plinth: The brickwork in foundation and plinth shall be of first class brick with lime mortar over lime
concrete
Filling: Foundation trenches and plinth shall be filled up with earth
Damp -proof course: D.P.C. shall be 2 cm thick cement mortar with 5% Pudlo (waterproof concrete) by weight of
cement or other standard water-proofing materials.
Superstructure: Superstructure shall be 2nd class brickwork in mud mortar.
Flooring: The flooring shall be 2.5 cm cement concrete over 7.5 cm lime concrete
Roofing: The roof shall be flat terraced roof or R.B roof or jack arch roof.
Finishing: The inside walls shall be plastered with lime or cement mortar, outside walls shall be pointed or plastered with
lime or cement mortar. Inside shall be white-washed three coats, and outside colour – washed two coats over one coat of
white-wash.
Doors and windows: Doors and windows frames hall be of seasoned teak wood and shutters of 4.5 cm Shisham or
Deodar wood, panelled. They shall be fitted with iron fittings. Doors and windows shall be painted with two coats.
Miscellaneous: Rain-water pipes shall be cast-iron. Electrification, sanitary and water supply fittings shall be of class B-
type.
