The document describes two main types of tundra: Arctic tundra and alpine tundra. Arctic tundra is located mainly in the northern hemisphere around the Arctic circle, and experiences very cold winters below -30 degrees Celsius and short, cool summers between 3-12 degrees Celsius. Alpine tundra is located at high elevations worldwide, including mountain ranges in Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. Both tundra types have low biodiversity and consist mainly of herbaceous plants like grasses, mosses, and lichens that can withstand cold and dry conditions. Common animal inhabitants include caribou, arctic foxes, lemmings, and