With the advancements in wireless technology and digital electronics, some tiny devices have started to be used in numerous areas in daily life. These devices are capable of sensing, computation and communicating. They are generally composed of low power radios, several smart sensors and embedded CPUs (Central Processing Units). These devices are used to form wireless sensor network (WSN) which is necessary to provide sensing services and to monitor environmental conditions. In parallel to WSNs, the idea of internet of things (IoT) is developed where IoT can be defined as an interconnection between identifiable devices within the internet connection in sensing and monitoring processes. This paper presents detailed overview of WSNs. It also assesses the technology and characteristics of WSNs. Moreover, it provides a review of WSN applications and IoT applications.
This was one of my Diploma in Engineering Projects.
It's a Voice controlled Home Automation System which works with the Internet. Which means you can control your home appliances from anywhere.
I did the Presentation for the Home Automation System. I was also one of the core team members who made it happen.
Here are the complete powerpoint slides.
Thank You
BITS PILANI IoT PG PROGRAMME DESIGN ASSESSMENT.
The goal of the design assessment is to detect and predict forest fire promptly and accurately to minimize the loss of forests, wild animals, and people in the forest fire.
TinyOS is a free open source operating system.
Designed for wireless sensor networks.
TinyOS began as a collaboration between University of California, Berkeley and Intel Research.
An embedded operating system written in nesC language.
It features a component based architecture.
Wireless sensor networks are made up of number of tiny mobile nodes, which
have the capability of computation, sensing and wireless network communication. The
energy efficiency of each node in such kind of networks is one of the important issues under
consideration. Thus for these networks, sensor nodes life time is basically depends on use of
routing protocols for routing operations in WSN. There are various routing protocols
proposed by different researchers, which are considered as efficient on the basis of
performance of network lifetime and energy scavenging. There are different routing
protocols introduced for WSN such as flat routing protocols, clustering routing protocols,
hierarchical routing protocols etc. On the other hand, there are basically two types of
WSNs, homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. As WSN is vulnerable to different
types of security threats, there are many security methods presented with their own
advantages and disadvantages. Most of security methods are applied only on homogeneous
WSN, but recently some methods were presented to provide the routing security in
heterogeneous WSNs as well. In this paper, the different security threats and Intrusions in
WSNs are presented, with review of different security methods.
This was one of my Diploma in Engineering Projects.
It's a Voice controlled Home Automation System which works with the Internet. Which means you can control your home appliances from anywhere.
I did the Presentation for the Home Automation System. I was also one of the core team members who made it happen.
Here are the complete powerpoint slides.
Thank You
BITS PILANI IoT PG PROGRAMME DESIGN ASSESSMENT.
The goal of the design assessment is to detect and predict forest fire promptly and accurately to minimize the loss of forests, wild animals, and people in the forest fire.
TinyOS is a free open source operating system.
Designed for wireless sensor networks.
TinyOS began as a collaboration between University of California, Berkeley and Intel Research.
An embedded operating system written in nesC language.
It features a component based architecture.
Wireless sensor networks are made up of number of tiny mobile nodes, which
have the capability of computation, sensing and wireless network communication. The
energy efficiency of each node in such kind of networks is one of the important issues under
consideration. Thus for these networks, sensor nodes life time is basically depends on use of
routing protocols for routing operations in WSN. There are various routing protocols
proposed by different researchers, which are considered as efficient on the basis of
performance of network lifetime and energy scavenging. There are different routing
protocols introduced for WSN such as flat routing protocols, clustering routing protocols,
hierarchical routing protocols etc. On the other hand, there are basically two types of
WSNs, homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. As WSN is vulnerable to different
types of security threats, there are many security methods presented with their own
advantages and disadvantages. Most of security methods are applied only on homogeneous
WSN, but recently some methods were presented to provide the routing security in
heterogeneous WSNs as well. In this paper, the different security threats and Intrusions in
WSNs are presented, with review of different security methods.
Wireless Sensor networks are dense networks, which consist of small low cost
sensors having severely constrained computational and energy resources, which operate in
an adhoc environment. Sensor network combines the aspects of distributed sensing,
computing and communication. Despite the numerous applications of sensor networks in
various fields there are various issues which need to be explored and resolved such as
resource constraints, routing, coverage, security, information collection and gathering etc.
In this paper we aim to provide the detailed overview of the wireless sensor technologies and
issues related to them, such as advancement of sensor technology, architecture, applications,
issues and the work done in the field of routing, coverage and security.
A Review on Wireless Sensor Network Securityijtsrd
Wireless sensor networks are attracting more and more coverage. A number of surveillance, regulation, and tracking systems have been developed for different scenarios in recent years. Wireless Sensor Network WSN is an emerging technology that shows great promise for various futuristic applications both for mass public and military. The sensing technology combined with processing power and wireless communication makes it lucrative for being exploited in abundance in future. The inclusion of wireless communication technology also incurs various types of security threats. The intent of this paper is to investigate the security related issues and challenges in wireless sensor networks. We identify the security threats, review proposed security mechanisms for wireless sensor networks. We also discuss the holistic view of security for ensuring layered and robust security in wireless sensor networks. Vijay Kumar Kalakar | Hirdesh Chack | Syed Tariq Ali "A Review on Wireless Sensor Network Security" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31815.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/31815/a-review-on-wireless-sensor-network-security/vijay-kumar-kalakar
Wireless sensor network plays vital role in today’s life, it is a collection of sensors that are scattered in different directions which are further used to control and measure the physical conditions of environment as well as to organize to the data somewhere at centre location. As in context of greenhouse we can measure various parameters such as temperature, humidity, water level, insect monitoring and light intensity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparison of Routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Detailed Surveytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
Wireless Sensor Networks UNIT-1
You can watch my lectures at:
Digital electronics playlist in my youtube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_fItK7wBO6zdWHVPIYV8dQ?view_as=subscriber
My Website : https://easyninspire.blogspot.com/
In this presentation we are going to learn about the basic concepts of wireless sensor Networks and how the sensor are helpful for human beings in their daily life and what are the different approaches to make effectiveness of the sensor working and their future scope.
Wireless Sensor Network – Theoretical Findings and ApplicationsAshishDPatel1
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of tiny sensor nodes scattered on a relatively large geographical area. The nodes are cooperative in nature, that is, they can communication with one another or to a central control unit. The work of each such node is to collect the information from surrounding like pressure, temperature, humidity, magnetic fields, optical fields etc [2]. Actually they are ad hoc network with some additional constraints. The node should be capable enough for power consumption, collection of data, self healing, mobility, self configuration to name a few. These features of WSN node differentiate it from conventional ad hoc networks [14]. This survey paper aims at reporting wireless sensor network, its design, networking of nodes, and security in system. In this paper, fundamentals of wireless sensor network are discussed. Different component like sensor, microcontroller, battery require for sensor networks are explained in detail. We have tried to include all the aspects of WSN. The Protocols, Operating Systems, tools require for WSN node programming and some security issues are also discussed.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: Passkeys and the Road Ahead.pdf
wireless sensor networks & application :forest fire detection
1. An Overview of Wireless Sensor
Networks
Towards Internet of Things
2. Abstract:
With the advancements in wireless technology
and digital electronics, some tiny devices have
started to be used in numerous areas in daily life.
These devices are capable of sensing,
computation and communicating.
low power ,several smart sensors and embedded
CPUs (Central Processing Units) devices are used
to form wireless sensor network (WSN) .
provide sensing services and to monitor
environmental conditions
the idea of internet of things (IoT) is developed
where IoT can be defined as an interconnection
between identifiable devices within the internet
connection in sensing and monitoring processes
3. I. INTRODUCTION
What is a WSN?
a network of nodes that work in a cooperative
way to sense and control the environment
surrounding them.
These nodes are linked via wireless media
Nodes use this connection to communicate
among each other
The architecture of a typical WSN consists of
following 3 components: sensor nodes,
gateway and observer (user).
Sensor nodes and gateways constitute the
sensor field.
Gateways and observers are interconnected
via special networks or more commonly via
5. HISTORY OF WSNs
The first wireless network is known as the Sound Surveillance
System (SOSUS).
SOSUS was developed to detect Soviet submarines by the U.S.
Military in the 1950s.
SOSUS network is designed to have submerged sensors and
hydrophones which are scattered in the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans
U.S. DARPA has pioneered the Distributed Sensor
Network (DSN) initiative in 1980s to find out the unique
challenges of implementing WSNs.
This attracted researchers attention. These factors led the
explore potential of WSN has started to be searched in
academia and in civilian scientific researches.
example for WSN researches:-
- the IEEE 802.15.4; to cover low data rate wireless personal area networks.
- Based on this standard, ZigBee Alliance has published the ZigBee standard that can be
used in WSN
6. HOW IT WORKS?
WSNs are collection of nodes and these
nodes are individual small computers
These tiny devices work cooperatively to form
centralized network systems
each node in any network has a predefined goal
Eg:- if it is aimed to collect information about
microclimates across all sections of any forest, these
nodes are placed in different trees in the forest to
form a network
8. The Architecture of the Protocol Stack for
WSNs
Fig. 3. Protocol Stack for WSNs
9. The protocol stack consists of the
following layers and planes:-
Physical Layer : is designed to handle frequency selection,
frequency generation, modulation, signal detection and
encryption
Data Link Layer : is designed to handle error control and the
Medium Access. This layer ensures reliable end-to-end
connections in a communication network.
Network Layer : is responsible for routing the data
provided by the transport layer
Transport Layer : is responsible for maintaining the flow of
data to keep WSN operable when needed
Power Management Plane : manages how a sensor node uses
its power and also it decides on power consumption rates
among three operations: sensing, computing, and
communicating
Mobility Management Plane : detects the movement of sensor
nodes It also registers the mobility of sensor nodes
Task Management Plane : organizes the events which are
10. Design Factors and Requirements:
Reliability : The ability or a sensor node to maintain the sensor
network functionalities without any interruption
Density in Wireless Sensor Network: The density of the wireless
sensor nodes affects the level of reliability, accuracy and data
processing algorithms
Sensor Network Topology :The network topology has a tendency
to affect the latency and capacity as well as robustness of the
network.
Hardware Constraints: Sensor nodes mainly consist of 4
components: sensing unit, power unit, processing unit, and
transmission unit. They may also possess external units and
additional plug-ins.
Data Aggregation (Fusion): It is a useful function that is
accomplished by computation unit to reduce data size by
compressing (meaningfully) the data into meaningful information.
Transmission Media: In order to establish links for the nodes, a
wireless medium is used for communication goals
Security: Security aspects of WSNs are focused on the centralized
communication approaches. So, there is a need to develop a
distributed security approaches for WSNs.
11. APPLICATIONS:-
military applications (monitoring friendly forces
or battlefield)
environmental applications (environment can
be monitored by WSN)
industrial applications (control and automation
processes like transportation and object tracking)
12. Application : Forest Fire Detection
• property and life loss every year due to forest
fires.
• Need to detect fires, before they spread.
• Drop thousand of sensor nodes over fire-prone
forest.
• if a node detect fire it sends an alarm message
(along with its location ) to ranger station.
• Nodes use multi-hop communication to cover
large forest .
14. Forest fire detection system based on a
ZigBee wireless sensor network
Figure : Structure of a wireless sensor network for forest fire detection based on ZigBee technique
27. FUTURE SCOPE:-
development of Micro-Electrical Systems (MEMS),
wireless network systems are expected to be widely
in use.
MEMS are the combination of electrical devices and
mechanical structures at an extremely small scale.
Many researches need to be done so as to
implement MEMS in WSN
Moreover, IoT is expected to have dramatic impact in
our lives in near future. WSNs will be integrated into
IoT and innumerable sensor nodes will join the
Internet. They will cooperate with other nodes to
sense and to monitor the environment
Eg : Smart driver system
30. CONCLUSION:-
WSN is a network of nodes which work cooperatively
to monitor the surrounding environment
It is necessary to provide an interaction between
people and nodes environment
WSNs are described in a compact manner and
technical details of their characteristics
Protocol Stacks, advantage, disadvantages and
application of WSNs are listed
future expectation, the usage of WSNs in a wide
range of application areas especially in IoT and
MEMS technology are listed.
31. REFERENCES:-
Junguo ZHANG, Wenbin LI, Ning HAN, Jiangming KAN Forest
fire detection system based on a ZigBee wireless sensor
network E Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag 2008
Animals as Mobile Biological Sensors for Forest Fire Detection
Yasar Guneri Sahin Izmir University of Economics, Department
of Software Engineering, Izmir-TR +90 (232) 488 8173 E-mail:
yasar.sahin@ieu.edu.tr Received: 7 November 2007 / Accepted:
3 December 2007 / Published: 4 December 2007
http://www.ijser.org Forest Fire Detection Using Optimized Solar
– Powered Zigbee Wireless Sensor Networks U. Arun Ganesh,
M. Anand, S. Arun, M. Dinesh, P. Gunaseelan and R. Karthik
Ephrem, E. (2015, June 8). Architecture of Wireless Sensor
Networks.Retrieved October 8, 2015, from
http://servforu.blogspot.com.tr/2012/12/architecture-of-wireless-
sensor-networks.html
Wireless Sensor Network http://www.wikipedia.com/Wireless
Sensor Networks
Image references http://www.google.com
http://www.youtube.com
